ABSTRACTHoistingmachineryiswidelyusedinhoisting,conveying,loadingandunloading,installationandotherindutheseindustriescanachieveunexpectedresmainliftingmechanismoftrolleyandtrolleyframeincludestrolleyliftingmechanism,bridgecraneandsoon.Themainpartsofthetrolleyrunningmechanismarecomposedofreducer,drivingwhofhoistingmachineryinthefirstchapter,andbrieflyintroducedthemaincomponentsofcrane.Inthesecondchapter,theoveralldesignparametersofdescribed.Inthenextchapter,thehookgroup,steelofthecranearedesignedandcalculated.Theninthefoumachineryofthecraneisdesignedandcalculatthetwomonths'graduationprKeywordscrane;hoistingmechanism;trolleyoperatingm 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 4 5 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 1橋架和運(yùn)行小車是通用的橋式起重機(jī)和專用的橋式行，在端梁上都會(huì)安裝行走車輪，并且在橋梁上安裝234表1起重量250t以下橋式起重機(jī)的起升高度H系列（GB/T190—1995）額定起重量/t一般起升高度主鉤副鉤鉤加大起升高度主鉤副鉤抓斗起升高度一般加大電動(dòng)吸盤一般起升高度18~263060~125———160~250———表2起重量250t以下橋式起重機(jī)的起升高度S系列（GB/T190—1995）額定起重量/t9廠房跨度有通道7.522.525.528.531.534.5≤無通道≤760~125———160~250———21.524.527.530.533.55表3起重機(jī)整機(jī)的工作級(jí)別（GB/T3811—2008）載荷狀態(tài)級(jí)別起重機(jī)的載荷譜系數(shù)kpU0U1U2起重機(jī)的使用等級(jí)U7U8U9U3U4U5U6Q1kp≤0.125A1A1A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8Q20.125≤kp≤0.250A1A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A8Q30.250≤kp≤0.500A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A8A8Q40.500≤kp≤1.00A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A8A8A8表4機(jī)構(gòu)使用等級(jí)使用等級(jí)總使用時(shí)間tT/n機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)頻繁情況T0很少使用T1T2 T3T4不頻繁使用T5中等頻繁使用T6較頻繁使用T7T8頻繁使用T950000<tT表5起重機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)的工作級(jí)別（GB/T3811—2008）載荷狀態(tài)級(jí)別機(jī)構(gòu)載荷譜系數(shù)kmT0T1T2T3機(jī)構(gòu)使用等級(jí)T7T8T9T4T5T6L1km≤0.125M1M1M1M2M3M4M5M6M7M8L20.125<km<0.250M1M1M2M3M4M5M6M7M8M8L30.250<km<0.500M1M2M3M4M5M6M7M8M8M8L40.500<km<1.000M2M3M4M5M6M7M8M8M8M87起重量/t8~32125~250單聯(lián)滑輪組3~66~8雙聯(lián)滑輪組2~44~66~88D≈3.5×Q額=3.5×20=15.7cm?DB?DB1=EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(K),A)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(?),?)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(P),K)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(Q),B)×2EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(e),D)1=1EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(.5),1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(6),58)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(×),4)0200EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(×1),09)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(0),6)3×2EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(×5),160)6=166.7N/mm2#1)有圖1可知，A=15840mm2,e1=65mm,KB=0.096；由經(jīng)驗(yàn)可知，K=1.560===169N/mm2#2)σ1<[σ0],滿足所需計(jì)算要求。σ==≤σ#3)d1≥==85mm#4)d1是螺紋根部直徑；σ===55Nmm2#5螺紋設(shè)計(jì)手冊選取梯形螺圓螺紋：TY90×109從選定的吊鉤螺母的大小和尺寸，查表初次選擇推力軸承型號(hào)為：81124，j0根據(jù)所選的滑輪尺寸，吊鉤組裝置示意圖:圖2吊鉤組裝置示意圖受力圖彎矩圖 P 2吊鉤橫梁中間斷面圖圖4斷面圖Mmax=×=KN?m=18.52KN?m#7EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up18(系),w)n2#8σmax=MEQ\*jc3\*hps13\o\al(\s\up5(ma),w)x=1EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(8.),1)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(5),6)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up2147483644(2?×),091)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(6),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(×),6)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(10),n2)6=205EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(8),?)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(7),2)77.8N/mm2#10n>=146mmσ1=2EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up14(Q),d)?=σEQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up0(2),1)5?N/mm2#11其中?為拉板厚度.σs=240N/mm2取安全系數(shù)n=1.7，所以許用拉伸應(yīng)力為:σc===141N/mm2#12則有：?>=13.8mmσj==≤σ#13[σ]==68.57N/mm2?≥=6.0376mm取?=20mm；圖5拉板結(jié)構(gòu)圖SPEQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up26(n),Z)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up26(2),4)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up26(7),8)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up26(N),9)SP=187KN>nSmax=157.732KN標(biāo)記：20NAT6×19S+FC1670ZS220147圖6滑輪的結(jié)構(gòu)圖33圖7吊鉤裝置簡圖'圖8受力圖和彎矩圖P1=P2=P3=P4==KN=78KN#(19)#wz0.1d3wz0.1d3σw<σw< min minv，=mvn=4×=80m/min#24)n===4.042T/min#25)根據(jù)查表得到額定靜載荷：C0T=148KN，額定動(dòng)載荷：C0=165KNC=EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up10(f),f)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up8(nf),nf)EQ\*jc3\*hps13\o\al(\s\up8(F),T)P=02EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(1),5)×39KN=123.2KN#26C=123.2KN<C0T=148KN(C0=165KN)fn=2，fF=1.5，fn=0.95，fT=1。FT==KN=39KN#27)由于Fa≈0，<eP=PT=39KND≥n?1)d=20?1×20=380mm#28參設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)手冊，選擇A型卷筒，直徑D=400mm；n=20，d=20mm。EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(槽),1J)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(底半徑),B/T90)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(R),06)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(=),1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(1),1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(mm),999)×EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up8(Hm),π)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up5(ax),D)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(?),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(1),3)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(4),1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(0),4)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(4),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up13(角),l4)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up12(a),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up14(=3°),2nmi)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up13(有),L4).2nmin#931nmin—取物裝置處于上極限時(shí)，動(dòng)滑輪軸線與卷筒軸線的間距，取EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up18(mm；),所選)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(s),δ)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(ma),p)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(x),1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(26),18)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(8),2)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(7),2)yn4.25yn4.25σ壓=66.4Mpa<[=176.47Mpa彎扭σ彎==彎扭σ彎==扭圖9受力和彎曲簡圖M彎w=11.64Mpa#35M彎=Smax=26288.7×956.5=25145141.5EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up11(σ),σ)EQ\*jc3\*hps17\o\al(\s\up7(拉),壓)σ=35.8Mpa<σ拉=64Mpap≤#39EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(2S),D)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up5(max),p1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(×2),400)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(8),2)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(8),2)圖10鋼絲繩固定圖EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(Sm),eμ)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up4(a),a)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up7(2),e0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up7(6),1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up7(2),4)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up7(7),2π)P=SG=4530.μeμa+10.14e0.14×2×2π+1'=10.8MPa#43σmax<[起升載荷：PQ=200KNEQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(Q),10)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(×),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(V),0η)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(×),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(1),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(×),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(0),8)7.05Kg?m2計(jì)nt60.7計(jì)nt60.7EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(×),42)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(2),0)?3=60.7r/min#47Pn=85KW；輸入轉(zhuǎn)速：nd=724T/min，因機(jī)構(gòu)工作級(jí)別為M6所以：PS=KPn=2×85KW=170KW；根據(jù)i0=12.5和以上數(shù)據(jù)；T8905.1—1999[[n=85KW;Fmax=φ2?Smax+=1.56×26288.7+=42010.4N#48)[F=45600N，φ2=1.56Fmax<F]滿足要求Tmax=φ2?T=1.56×26288.7×=8612.2N?m#49)Tmax<T=42500N?m[Pn≥uEQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(H),λ)M?1EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(Q),00)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(V),0)η=1.EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(1),3).3×EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(2),1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(0),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(5),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(×),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up10(03),0)8×EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(9.1),60)=54.4KW#50)Pn=85KW>54.4KWPn=85KW，u=1，λM=3.3，H=2.1，η=0.8，Q=PQ+P0V==19.1m/min#51P≥PSP=68.385KW>PS=65.26KWP=68.385KEQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(Q),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(V),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(8),1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(×),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(2),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(0),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up13(3),8)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(1),6)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(9.),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(?D0),2ai)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up12(3),4)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up7(×0.),×1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up7(4),2)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up7(2),5)Tmax=（0.7~0.8）λmTn[EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(ZA95),YA95)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(115),115)根據(jù)以上結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸和T=5328N?m;選取LMZ聯(lián)軸器；JLZ=3.715Kg?m2，許用轉(zhuǎn)矩：Tn=9000N?m[EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(YA95),YA90)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(100),100)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up8(d),T)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up11(×),7)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up11(1),9)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up11(2),4)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up11(49),87) Q?D0205×103×420×10?3Tj=2a?i?η=2×4×12.5×0.98=878.6N?m#58J=1.15Jd+JLZ)+=12.749kg?m2322Jd=7.05kg?m2，JLZ=3.715Kg?m2。EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up14(n),5)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up12(1?),T)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up14(7),5)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up14(6),1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up14(.4),50)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up14(×),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up0(?2.7),173)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up14(3),1))=1.4s#(61)TZ=1500N?m，Jd=7.05kg?m2,JLZ=3.715kg?m2EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(Q),2)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(?D),a)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up5(0),i)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(5),2)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(10),4)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(×),1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(.4),5)圖11起升機(jī)構(gòu)布局圖座Pmin=EQ\*jc3\*hps17\o\al(\s\up8(Q小),4)==17.5KN#66 Q小70（1）摩擦阻力FMFM=Q+Qx2fEQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up5(+),D)μdβ=270×103×2×0.6EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up5(+0.0),350)2×90×1.5=3.472KN#69FML=Q+Qx2fEQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up5(+),D)μd=270×103×2×0.6EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up5(+0.0),350)2×90EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up6(+),D)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up6(+0.),350)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up6(+),D)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up7(+0.),350)（2）坡道阻力Fp（3）風(fēng)阻力FwFJ=FM+Fp+Fw=3.742+0.54=4.012KN#0FJL=FLM2+Fp+Fw=0.6+0.54=1.14KN#0PJ=1EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up8(FJ),00)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(?),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(V),η)0m=EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(4.),1)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(0),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(1),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(2),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(×1),×0)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up10(03),8)8××0EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(.),1)7=3.2KW#77FJ=4.012KN，η=0.88，v0=0.7m/s，m=1F=KD?PJ=1.6×3.2=5.12KW#78KD=1.6按照上述計(jì)算公式所計(jì)算的值，參考減速器設(shè)計(jì)手冊，選用YZR160M1—6型電動(dòng)機(jī)；電機(jī)額定功率Pn=6.3KW，轉(zhuǎn)速：nd=921T/min;容許輸出功率：PC=4.629KW轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量：Jd=0.1175kg?m2PC≥PS=G×10EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up10(F),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up8(J?),0)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up10(V),m)?η=0.8×1EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(401),000)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(×),1).EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(6),0)788=2.44KW#79PC=4.629KW>PS=2.44KWPi0===24.09i=25，nd=EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(92),m)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(1r),in)，nl=EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up9(V),ⅡD)=3.140.35=38.22T/minPJ=?==×=7.7KW#80Z=1，P=KPJ=2×7.7=15.4KWK=2根據(jù)i=25，P=15.4KW，電機(jī)輸入轉(zhuǎn)速nd=921r/min，選用QJR23625VIPJB/T8905.1—1999減速器高速軸許用功率：Pn=17.6KW可以得出傳動(dòng)比：i=25，中心距：a=236mm[EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(ZA48),YA50)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(70),70)Tt=630N?m；JL2=0.0232kg?m2標(biāo)注：LM7聯(lián)軸器EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(YA50),YA38)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(60),60)MT7aGB/T5272—2002。Tt=5600N?m轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量JL3=0.2105kg?m2標(biāo)注：LM10聯(lián)軸器EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(YA80),YA80)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up6(90),90)MT10bGB/T52JL4=0.1041kg?m2標(biāo)注：LM9聯(lián)軸器EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(YA80),YA65)EQ\*jc3\*hps16\o\al(\s\up7(80),80)MT9bGB/T5TZ=Fp+Fw?FML)+ 1Q+Q 33.5s，Jd=0.1175kg?m2，JLZ=0.0189kg?m2；pn=6.3kW>5.66KW;J=k(3=1.66kg?m2#0EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up10(n),m)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up11(?),?)EQ\*jc3\*hps24\o\al(\s\up10(σJ),