2025年考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀理解全真模擬試卷解析與專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)haspromptedwidespreadspeculationaboutitsfutureimpactonthejobmarket.WhilesomeviewAIasapotentialjobcreator,othersfearitwillleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.ArecentstudybyeconomistsexaminedthisdichotomybyanalyzingtherelationshipbetweenAIadoptionandemploymenttrendsinvarioussectors.Thefindingsrevealacomplexpicture,suggestingthatwhileAIwillundoubtedlytransformthenatureofwork,theneteffectonoverallemploymentislessclear-cutthancommonlyassumed.OneofthekeyargumentsinfavorofAI'sjob-creatingpotentialisitsabilitytoaugmenthumancapabilitiesratherthansimplyreplacethem.Forinstance,infieldslikehealthcareandeducation,AItoolscanassistprofessionalsbyhandlingrepetitivetasks,analyzinglargedatasets,andprovidinginsightsthatenhancedecision-making.This,proponentsargue,allowshumanworkerstofocusonmorecomplex,creative,andinterpersonalaspectsoftheirjobs,potentiallyleadingtothecreationofnewrolescenteredaroundmanagingandoverseeingAIsystems.However,theconcernsaboutjobdisplacementareequallyvalid,ifnotmoreso.Industriesheavilyreliantonroutinemanualorcognitivetasksareparticularlyvulnerable.AutomationdrivenbyAIcanperformthesetasksmoreefficientlyandcost-effectivelythanhumans.Thestudyfoundthatsectorssuchasmanufacturing,dataentry,andcertaintypesofcustomerservicehavealreadyexperiencednoticeableshiftsduetoAIimplementation.Moreover,theskillsrequiredfornewjobscreatedbyAIoftendiffersignificantlyfromthosedisplaced,potentiallyleavingmanyworkerswithoutthenecessaryqualificationsforreskillingorupskilling.Theeconomists'researchalsohighlightedtheroleofcomplementaryhumancapitalindeterminingAI'simpact.Workplaceswhereemployeespossessstrongdigitalliteracy,problem-solvingskills,andadaptabilitytendtointegrateAImoreeffectively,mitigatingnegativeemploymenteffects.Conversely,environmentslackingtheseskillsmaywitnessgreaterjoblosses.Therefore,theimpactofAIonemploymentappearshighlydependentonthespecificcontext,thepaceoftechnologicaladoption,andtheavailabilityofsupportsystemsforworkforcetransition,suchaseducationandtrainingprograms.Questions:1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonewayAIcanpotentiallycreatejobs?3.WhattypesofjobsareconsideredmostvulnerabletodisplacementduetoAI?4.Accordingtothestudymentioned,whatfactorcaninfluencetheimpactofAIonemployment?5.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofworkinrelationtoAI?PassageTwoTheconceptof"well-being"hasevolvedsignificantlyoverthepastfewdecades,movingbeyondasimplefocusontheabsenceofillnesstoencompassabroaderspectrumofpositivehumanexperiences.Modernpsychologyandrelatedfieldsnowoftendefinewell-beingasamulti-dimensionalstateinvolvingnotonlyhappinessandlifesatisfactionbutalsofactorslikeemotionalhealth,socialconnection,andasenseofpurpose.Thisholisticapproachrecognizesthattruewell-beingisacomplexinterplayofvariousaspectsoflife.Agrowingbodyofresearchsupportstheideathatsocialconnectionsarefundamentaltowell-being.Studieshaveconsistentlyshowncorrelationsbetweenstrongsocialnetworksandlowerlevelsofstress,betterphysicalhealthoutcomes,andincreasedlongevity.Themechanismsbehindthisrelationshiparemultifaceted;socialsupportcanprovideemotionalcomfort,practicalassistance,andasenseofbelonging.Furthermore,engagingwithothersoftenencourageshealthybehaviorsandprovidesaccountability,whichcancontributetoimprovedwell-being.Despitetherecognizedimportanceofsocialconnection,individualsinmanymodernsocietiesfacechallengesinbuildingandmaintainingstrongrelationships.Theriseofdigitalcommunication,whileofferingconvenience,cansometimesleadtoincreasedisolationorsuperficialinteractions.Thefast-pacednatureofcontemporarylifealsoleaveslesstimefornurturingrelationships.Consequently,fosteringwell-beinginthemoderneramayrequiremoreintentionalefforttocultivatemeaningfulconnections,bothonlineandoffline.Interventionsaimedatenhancingwell-beingoftenfocusonstrategiesthatpromoteengagementandflow,aconceptdevelopedbypsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyi.Flowreferstoastateofcompleteabsorptioninanactivity,characterizedbyabalancebetweenthechallengeofthetaskandtheindividual'sskills.Engaginginactivitiesthatinduceaflowstate—suchashobbies,creativepursuits,orevencertaintypesofwork—canleadtofeelingsofsatisfaction,competence,andintrinsicmotivation,allofwhicharecomponentsofwell-being.Therefore,understandingandpromotingwell-beingrequiresacomprehensivestrategythatacknowledgesitsmulti-facetednature.Whilesocialconnectioniscrucial,sotooareelementslikepurpose,emotionalregulation,andthepursuitofactivitiesthatprovideasenseofengagementandfulfillment.Policiesandindividualpracticesthatsupportthesevariousdimensionsmaybekeytofosteringahappierandhealthierpopulation.Questions:6.Whathaschangedintheunderstandingof"well-being"accordingtothepassage?7.Howdostrongsocialnetworksbenefitanindividual'swell-being,accordingtoresearchmentionedinthepassage?8.Whatisachallengetobuildingsocialconnectionsmentionedinthepassage?9.Whatdoestheconceptof"flow"refertoasdescribedinthepassage?10.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisimportantforpromotingwell-being?PassageThreeCitiesaredynamicsystemsundergoingconstanttransformation,drivenbyfactorsrangingfromeconomicforcestotechnologicalinnovationsandevolvingsocialpreferences.Urbanplanning,theprocessofdesigningandmanagingthesetransformations,facesthecriticalchallengeofbalancingimmediatedevelopmentneedswithlong-termsustainabilitygoals.Traditionalurbanplanningapproachesoftenprioritizedefficiencyandgrowth,sometimesleadingtoissueslikeurbansprawl,resourcedepletion,andsocialinequality.However,contemporaryplanningparadigmsincreasinglyemphasizetheintegrationofenvironmental,social,andeconomicconsiderations.Sustainabilityhasbecomeacornerstoneofmodernurbanplanning.Thisinvolvescreatingcitiesthatareenvironmentallyresilient,sociallyinclusive,andeconomicallyviable.Keystrategiesincludepromotingrenewableenergysources,enhancingpublictransportationnetworkstoreducerelianceonprivatevehicles,andincorporatinggreenspacesintourbandesigntoimproveairqualityandproviderecreationalareasforresidents.Theseinitiativesnotonlyaddressenvironmentalconcernsbutalsocontributetotheoverallqualityoflifewithinthecity.Socialequityisanothervitalcomponentofsustainableurbanplanning.Citiesshouldbedesignedtoprovideequalaccesstoessentialservicesandopportunitiesforallresidents,regardlessoftheirsocio-economicbackground.Thisinvolvesthoughtfullandusepoliciesthatpreventsegregation,affordablehousinginitiatives,andthedevelopmentofcommunityinfrastructurethatsupportsvulnerablepopulations.Plannersmustalsoconsiderhowurbandesignaffectssocialinteractionandcohesion,aimingtocreateinclusivepublicspacesthatcatertodiversecommunityneeds.Technologicaladvancementsofferbothopportunitiesandchallengesforurbanplanning.Ononehand,smartcitytechnologiescanoptimizeresourceuse,enhancepublicsafety,andimproveservicedeliverythroughdata-drivendecision-making.Forexample,sensorsandIoTdevicescanmonitortrafficflow,energyconsumption,andenvironmentalconditions,enablingmoreefficientmanagement.Ontheotherhand,thedigitaldivideandconcernsaboutdataprivacyposechallengesthatneedtobeaddressedtoensurethesetechnologiesbenefitallresidentsequitably.Ultimately,effectiveurbanplanningrequiresacollaborativeandadaptiveapproach.Itinvolvesnotonlyplannersandpolicymakersbutalsocitizens,communityorganizations,andstakeholdersfromvarioussectors.Engagingwiththecommunityiscrucialforunderstandinglocalneedsandpriorities.Furthermore,planningmustbeflexibleenoughtoadapttounforeseenchanges,suchasshiftsinpopulationdemographics,climatechangeimpacts,ornewtechnologicaldevelopments,ensuringcitiesremainvibrantandlivableforfuturegenerations.Questions:11.Whatisamainconcernaddressedbycontemporaryurbanplanningcomparedtotraditionalapproaches?12.Whatismeantby"sustainableurbanplanning"asdescribedinthepassage?13.Accordingtothepassage,whatisconsideredimportantforachievingsocialequityincities?14.Whatpotentialbenefitdoesthepassagementionregardingtheuseofsmartcitytechnologies?15.Whatkindofapproachisemphasizedasessentialforeffectiveurbanplanning?PassageFourTheglobalfoodsystemfacesnumerousinterconnectedchallengesinthe21stcentury,primarilydrivenbypopulationgrowth,climatechange,andincreasingdemandforfood.Achievingfoodsecurity—ensuringthatallpeoplehaveconsistent,physical,andeconomicaccesstoadequate,nutritiousfood—isacomplextaskthatrequiresinnovativesolutionsacrosstheentirefoodchain,fromproductiontoconsumption.Traditionalagriculturalpractices,whilehavingfedgrowingpopulations,oftencarrysignificantenvironmentalandsocialcosts.Oneofthemostpressingissuesistheenvironmentalimpactofcurrentfoodproductionmethods.Intensivefarmingoftenreliesheavilyonchemicalfertilizersandpesticides,whichcandegradesoilhealth,pollutewaterways,andharmbiodiversity.Deforestationtoexpandagriculturallandfurtherexacerbatestheseproblems,contributingtoclimatechangewhiledestroyingvitalecosystems.Moreover,themeatindustry,particularlylivestockproduction,isamajorcontributortogreenhousegasemissionsandresourceconsumption.Addressingtheseenvironmentalexternalitiesiscrucialforcreatingamoresustainablefoodsystem.Technologicalinnovationplaysacriticalroleintacklingthesechallenges.Advancesinagriculturalbiotechnology,suchasdrought-resistantcropsandimprovedyields,offerpotentialsolutionsforenhancingfoodproductionwhilereducingtheenvironmentalfootprint.Precisionagriculture,utilizingtechnologieslikeGPS,sensors,anddataanalytics,allowsformoretargeteduseofresourcessuchaswater,fertilizers,andenergy,improvingefficiencyandreducingwaste.Additionally,innovationsinfoodprocessingandpackagingcanhelpextendshelflife,reducefoodloss,andminimizepackagingwaste.Beyondproduction,changesinconsumptionpatternsarealsoessential.Reducingfoodwaste,bothattheconsumerlevelandalongthesupplychain,isasignificantopportunityforenhancingfoodsecurity.Promotingmoresustainablediets,suchasthosewithreducedrelianceonredmeatandahigherproportionofplant-basedfoods,cancontributetobothenvironmentalsustainabilityandbetterpublichealthoutcomes.Educatingconsumersaboutfoodchoicesandtheirimpactscanempowerindividualstomakemoresustainabledecisions.Collaborationacrossvarioussectorsisnecessarytotransformtheglobalfoodsystem.Thisincludescoordinatedeffortsamonggovernments,agriculturalresearchers,privatecompanies,NGOs,andfarmers.Policiesthatincentivizesustainablepractices,investmentinresearchanddevelopment,andsupportforsmallholderfarmersareallcriticalcomponentsofacomprehensivestrategy.Ultimately,creatingamoresustainableandsecureglobalfoodsystemrequiresamultifacetedapproachthataddressesenvironmental,economic,andsocialdimensionssimultaneously.Questions:16.Whatisakeychallengementionedinthepassagethataffectstheglobalfoodsystem?17.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeenvironmentaldrawbacksofintensivefarming?18.Whatpotentialbenefitdoesthepassageassociatewithagriculturalbiotechnology?19.Whatisonewaythatconsumerscancontributetoamoresustainablefoodsystem?20.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisnecessaryforachievingatransformationintheglobalfoodsystem?---試卷答案PartA1.D2.B3.C4.A5.C解析思路1.解析思路：文章首段提出AI對(duì)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)影響的爭(zhēng)議，第二段論述AI創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的觀點(diǎn)，第三段闡述AI導(dǎo)致失業(yè)的擔(dān)憂(yōu)，第四段分析人類(lèi)資本對(duì)影響的作用。綜合來(lái)看，文章的核心是探討AI對(duì)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)的復(fù)雜影響及其決定因素，而非僅僅是描述AI的能力或僅僅關(guān)注就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)。故D選項(xiàng)（AI對(duì)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)影響的復(fù)雜性和決定因素）最能概括主旨。2.解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“WhilesomeviewAIasapotentialjobcreator,othersfearitwillleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.”以及后面“proponentsargue,thisallowshumanworkerstofocusonmorecomplex,creative,andinterpersonalaspectsoftheirjobs,potentiallyleadingtothecreationofnewrolescenteredaroundmanagingandoverseeingAIsystems.”可知，支持者認(rèn)為AI通過(guò)讓人類(lèi)專(zhuān)注于更復(fù)雜、創(chuàng)造性和人際交往的方面，可能創(chuàng)造出管理和服務(wù)AI系統(tǒng)的新角色。B選項(xiàng)（讓人類(lèi)能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂诟鼜?fù)雜、創(chuàng)造性和人際交往的方面，從而可能創(chuàng)造出新角色）與文意相符。3.解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“Industriesheavilyreliantonroutinemanualorcognitivetasksareparticularlyvulnerable.AutomationdrivenbyAIcanperformthesetasksmoreefficientlyandcost-effectivelythanhumans.Thestudyfoundthatsectorssuchasmanufacturing,dataentry,andcertaintypesofcustomerservicehavealreadyexperiencednoticeableshiftsduetoAIimplementation.”可知，高度依賴(lài)重復(fù)性體力或認(rèn)知任務(wù)的行業(yè)特別容易受到威脅，因?yàn)锳I可以更高效、更具成本效益地執(zhí)行這些任務(wù)。制造業(yè)、數(shù)據(jù)錄入和某些類(lèi)型的客戶(hù)服務(wù)是已經(jīng)受到影響的領(lǐng)域。C選項(xiàng)（高度依賴(lài)重復(fù)性體力或認(rèn)知任務(wù)的行業(yè)）指出了最易受AI取代的崗位類(lèi)型。4.解析思路：根據(jù)第四段“Workplaceswhereemployeespossessstrongdigitalliteracy,problem-solvingskills,andadaptabilitytendtointegrateAImoreeffectively,mitigatingnegativeemploymenteffects.Conversely,environmentslackingtheseskillsmaywitnessgreaterjoblosses.”可知，研究指出，員工具備較強(qiáng)數(shù)字素養(yǎng)、解決問(wèn)題能力和適應(yīng)性的工作場(chǎng)所，往往能更有效地整合AI，減輕負(fù)面就業(yè)影響。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，員工具備的這些綜合能力是影響AI對(duì)就業(yè)影響的關(guān)鍵因素。A選項(xiàng)（員工所具備的綜合能力）指出了研究提到的關(guān)鍵影響因素。5.解析思路：文章最后一段指出，AI對(duì)就業(yè)的影響取決于具體環(huán)境、技術(shù)采用速度和勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)型支持系統(tǒng)（如教育和培訓(xùn)）。這暗示了未來(lái)工作將與AI共存，人類(lèi)工作將需要適應(yīng)和與AI協(xié)作，工作性質(zhì)將發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變，但不會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單地被完全取代或創(chuàng)造完全新的類(lèi)別。C選項(xiàng)（未來(lái)工作將與AI共存，人類(lèi)工作將需要適應(yīng)和與AI協(xié)作）最能體現(xiàn)這種復(fù)雜且動(dòng)態(tài)的關(guān)系。6.解析思路：根據(jù)第一段“Whilesomeviewwell-beingassimplytheabsenceofillness...Modernpsychologyandrelatedfieldsnowoftendefinewell-beingasamulti-dimensionalstateinvolvingnotonlyhappinessandlifesatisfactionbutalsofactorslikeemotionalhealth,socialconnection,andasenseofpurpose.”可知，現(xiàn)代理解認(rèn)為幸福不僅僅是沒(méi)有疾病，而是一個(gè)包含多方面因素（快樂(lè)、生活滿(mǎn)意度、情緒健康、社交聯(lián)系、人生目標(biāo)等）的綜合性狀態(tài)。這表明理解發(fā)生了從單一到多元的變化。D選項(xiàng)（從簡(jiǎn)單關(guān)注沒(méi)有疾病變?yōu)榘鼜V泛積極人類(lèi)體驗(yàn)的多元狀態(tài)）準(zhǔn)確概括了這種變化。7.解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Strongsocialnetworksareconsistentlyshowntocorrelatewithlowerlevelsofstress,betterphysicalhealthoutcomes,andincreasedlongevity.Themechanismsbehindthisrelationshipinvolvesocialsupportprovidingemotionalcomfort,practicalassistance,andasenseofbelonging.Furthermore,engagingwithothersoftenencourageshealthybehaviorsandprovidesaccountability.”可知，研究顯示強(qiáng)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)與較低壓力、更好身體健康和更長(zhǎng)壽相關(guān)。其機(jī)制在于社會(huì)支持提供情感慰藉、實(shí)際幫助和歸屬感，以及與他人交往鼓勵(lì)健康行為和提供責(zé)任感。B選項(xiàng)（提供情感慰藉、實(shí)際幫助和歸屬感，并鼓勵(lì)健康行為）概括了強(qiáng)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來(lái)的具體好處。8.解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“Despitetherecognizedimportance...Theriseofdigitalcommunication,whileofferingconvenience,cansometimesleadtoincreasedisolationorsuperficialinteractions.Thefast-pacednatureofcontemporarylifealsoleaveslesstimefornurturingrelationships.”可知，數(shù)字通信的興起可能導(dǎo)致孤立或膚淺的互動(dòng)，而現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏也減少了培養(yǎng)關(guān)系的時(shí)間。D選項(xiàng)（數(shù)字通信的興起導(dǎo)致孤立和現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏導(dǎo)致時(shí)間減少）指出了文中提到的兩個(gè)主要挑戰(zhàn)。9.解析思路：根據(jù)第四段“Flowreferstoastateofcompleteabsorptioninanactivity,characterizedbyabalancebetweenthechallengeofthetaskandtheindividual'sskills.”可知，該段明確指出，“flow”是指完全沉浸在活動(dòng)中的狀態(tài)，其特征在于任務(wù)的挑戰(zhàn)性與個(gè)人技能之間的平衡。A選項(xiàng)（完全沉浸在活動(dòng)中的狀態(tài)，其特征在于任務(wù)的挑戰(zhàn)性與個(gè)人技能之間的平衡）是對(duì)flow的定義的直接轉(zhuǎn)述。10.解析思路：文章從多維度定義幸福（第一段），強(qiáng)調(diào)社交聯(lián)系的重要性（第二段），指出培養(yǎng)關(guān)系的挑戰(zhàn)（第三段），并介紹了flow狀態(tài)和追求意義的重要性（第四段）。最后一段總結(jié)指出，理解和促進(jìn)幸福需要一個(gè)綜合策略，承認(rèn)其多面性，包括社交、目的、情緒調(diào)節(jié)和活動(dòng)參與。因此，文章暗示促進(jìn)幸福需要關(guān)注其多方面構(gòu)成要素。E選項(xiàng)（關(guān)注幸福的多方面構(gòu)成要素，如社交、目的、情緒和參與）最能體現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。11.解析思路：根據(jù)第一段“Whiletraditionalurbanplanningapproachesoftenprioritizedefficiencyandgrowth,sometimesleadingtoissueslikeurbansprawl,resourcedepletion,andsocialinequality.However,contemporaryplanningparadigmsincreasinglyemphasizetheintegrationofenvironmental,social,andeconomicconsiderations.”可知，傳統(tǒng)規(guī)劃側(cè)重效率和增長(zhǎng)，導(dǎo)致了一些問(wèn)題；而現(xiàn)代規(guī)劃范式越來(lái)越強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的整合。這表明主要擔(dān)憂(yōu)是傳統(tǒng)方法未能整合這些因素，現(xiàn)代方法則著力解決此問(wèn)題。D選項(xiàng)（平衡短期發(fā)展需求與長(zhǎng)期可持續(xù)性目標(biāo)）點(diǎn)出了這種轉(zhuǎn)變的核心，即從片面追求增長(zhǎng)轉(zhuǎn)向全面可持續(xù)性。12.解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Sustainabilityhasbecomeacornerstoneofmodernurbanplanning.Thisinvolvescreatingcitiesthatareenvironmentallyresilient,sociallyinclusive,andeconomicallyviable.”可知，“可持續(xù)城市規(guī)劃”的核心是創(chuàng)建在環(huán)境上有韌性、社會(huì)包容且經(jīng)濟(jì)可行的城市。這一定義直接包含了環(huán)境、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)三個(gè)維度。B選項(xiàng)（創(chuàng)建在環(huán)境上具有韌性、社會(huì)包容且經(jīng)濟(jì)可行的城市）是對(duì)這一定義的準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述。13.解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“Achievingsocialequityisanothervitalcomponent...Thisinvolvesthoughtfullandusepoliciesthatpreventsegregation,affordablehousinginitiatives,andthedevelopmentofcommunityinfrastructurethatsupportsvulnerablepopulations.Plannersmustalsoconsiderhowurbandesignaffectssocialinteractionandcohesion,aimingtocreateinclusivepublicspacesthatcatertodiversecommunityneeds.”可知，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平需要政策來(lái)防止隔離、提供可負(fù)擔(dān)住房、支持弱勢(shì)群體，并設(shè)計(jì)促進(jìn)互動(dòng)和凝聚力的包容性公共空間。C選項(xiàng)（通過(guò)政策防止隔離、提供可負(fù)擔(dān)住房、支持弱勢(shì)群體以及創(chuàng)建包容性公共空間）概括了文中提到的實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平的關(guān)鍵措施。14.解析思路：根據(jù)第四段“Technologicaladvancementsofferbothopportunitiesandchallenges...Forexample,smartcitytechnologiescanoptimizeresourceuse,enhancepublicsafety,andimproveservicedeliverythroughdata-drivendecision-making.”可知，文中明確提到，智能城市技術(shù)可以通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)決策優(yōu)化資源使用、增強(qiáng)公共安全和改善服務(wù)交付。B選項(xiàng)（優(yōu)化資源使用、增強(qiáng)公共安全和改善服務(wù)交付）是文中提到的一個(gè)潛在好處。15.解析思路：根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Ultimately,effectiveurbanplanningrequiresacollaborativeandadaptiveapproach.Itinvolvesnotonlyplannersandpolicymakersbutalsocitizens,c