2025年英語演講考試閱讀理解專項訓練：演講素材與理解能力考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解Readthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestionsbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassages.Passage1Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedintensedebateaboutitsfutureimpactonsociety.ProponentsarguethatAIwillbringunprecedentedefficiency,automatingmundanetasksandfreeinghumanpotentialformorecreativeandmeaningfulwork.TheyenvisionafuturewhereAIassistsinmedicaldiagnosis,scientificresearch,andevenpersonaldecision-making,leadingtosignificantprogressandimprovedqualityoflife.However,criticsraiselegitimateconcernsaboutjobdisplacement,ethicaldilemmas,andthepotentialformisuse.Thecreationofhighlyautonomoussystemsposesquestionsaboutaccountabilityandtheverynatureofhumanagency.Furthermore,thedigitaldivideriskensthataccesstoAIbenefitswillbeunevenlydistributed,potentiallyexacerbatingsocialinequalities.Navigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequirescarefulplanning,robustethicalframeworks,andinternationalcooperationtoensurethatAIdevelopsinamannerbeneficialforhumanityasawhole.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomepotentialbenefitsofAImentionedbyitsproponents?2.WhatspecificareasofconcerndocriticshighlightregardingAI?3.Theword"sparked"inthefirstsentenceisclosestinmeaningto:4.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisakeyrequirementfortheresponsibledevelopmentofAI?5.Basedontheinformationprovided,whatisthemaintensiondiscussedinthepassage?Passage2SarahJenkinshadalwaysbeenpassionateaboutenvironmentalconservation,butitwasn'tuntilavolunteertriptoadeforestedareainSoutheastAsiathattheissuebecamepersonallyurgent.Witnessingthestarkcontrastbetweenlush,thrivingecosystemsandbarren,lifelesslandscapesleftanindeliblemarkonher.Uponreturninghome,shefeltcompelledtoactbeyondcasualawarenessorsmalldonations.Shebeganresearchinglocalinitiativesandreachedouttocommunityleadersintheregion.Insteadoflaunchingalarge-scalecharity,Sarahchosetofocusonsustainablereforestationmethodsthatinvolvedtraininglocalvillagers.Sheunderstoodthatlong-termsuccessdependedonempoweringthepeoplewholivedthere.Overseveralyears,hersmallprojectgrew,thankstoconsistenteffortandtheincreasingparticipationofthecommunity.Theylearnednotonlyhowtoplanttreesbutalsohowtomanagethemforfutureresourceslikefirewoodandtimber,creatinganeconomicincentiveforconservation.Sarah'sapproachdemonstrateshowindividualcommitment,whencombinedwithcommunity-basedsolutions,cangeneratemeaningfulandlastingpositivechange.Questions:6.WhateventservedasaturningpointforSarahJenkinsinherenvironmentalefforts?7.DescribetheinitialapproachSarahJenkinstookafterherreturnfromthevolunteertrip.8.Accordingtothepassage,whydidSarahfocusontraininglocalvillagersforreforestation?9.WhatevidenceisprovidedinthepassagetosuggestthatSarah'sprojectbecamesuccessful?10.WhatisthemainmessageconveyedbythestoryofSarahJenkins?Passage3Theconceptof"hygge"(pronouncedHUE-guh),aDanishwordmeaningcozinessorcomfort,hasgainedpopularitygloballyasacounterpointtotherelentlesspaceandpressureofmodernlife.OriginatingfromNordictraditions,hyggeemphasizescreatingawarm,invitingatmospherethroughsimplepleasuresandgenuinehumanconnection.It'snotaboutextravagancebutaboutfindingjoyinthesmallthings–candlelightdinners,warmblankets,sharedconversations,andenjoyingtheoutdoorsevenincoldweather.Duringthelong,darkwinters,theDanesdevelopedaculturecenteredaroundhomeandcommunity,fosteringasenseofwell-beingthatextendsbeyondmerematerialcomfort.Whileitsexactdefinitionissubjective,hyggeofteninvolveselementslikecandlelight,comfortablefurniture,hotdrinks,andspendingqualitytimewithlovedones.Proponentsarguethatembracinghyggeprinciplescansignificantlyreducestress,enhancementalhealth,andstrengthensocialbondsinanincreasinglyimpersonalworld.Questions:11.WhatistheprimarymeaningoftheDanishword"hygge"asdescribedinthepassage?12.Accordingtothetext,whataresomecommonelementsassociatedwithcreatingahyggeatmosphere?13.HowdoesthepassagesuggestthathyggerelatestotraditionalDanishculture?14.Thepassagementionsthathyggeisa"counterpoint"tomodernlife.Whatdoesthisimply?15.Whatbenefitdoproponentsofhyggeattributetoitspractice?第二部分閱讀理解（續(xù)）Passage4Dr.AnyaSharmahasspentovertwodecadesresearchingthecognitiveeffectsofbilingualism.Herlateststudy,conductedacrossdiverseagegroupsinurbanandruralsettings,presentscompellingevidencethatregularlyengagingwithtwolanguagesofferssignificantcognitiveadvantages.Theresearch,whichtrackedparticipantsoverafive-yearperiod,foundthatbilingualindividualsconsistentlyshowedgreatercognitiveflexibility–theabilitytoadapttonewsituationsandswitchbetweentasksefficiently.Thisflexibilitycorrelatedstronglywithbetterproblem-solvingskillsandimprovedmemoryrecall.Furthermore,thestudyrevealedthatbilingualismcanactasabufferagainstcognitivedeclineassociatedwithaging.Participantswhomaintainedactiveuseofbothlanguagesdemonstratedslowerratesofmemorylosscomparedtotheirmonolingualcounterparts.Sharmaemphasizesthatthesebenefitsarenotmerelyacademic;theytranslateintopracticaladvantagesindailylife,suchasnavigatingcomplexsocialinteractionsandmakingquick,informeddecisions.Whilethedegreeofbenefitmayvarybasedonfactorslikeproficiencyandlanguageexposure,theoverallfindingsstronglysupportthecognitiveenrichmentprovidedbybilingualism.Questions:16.WhatisthemainfocusofDr.AnyaSharma'sresearchmentionedinthepassage?17.Accordingtothestudy,whatspecificcognitiveskillshowedimprovementinbilingualparticipants?18.Thepassagestatesthatbilingualism"actsasabufferagainstcognitivedecline."Whatdoesthislikelymean?19.Dr.Sharmaconnectsthecognitivebenefitsofbilingualismtoreal-worldsituations.Whatexamplesdoesthepassagegive?20.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,whatmessagedoesDr.Sharmaseemtoconveyaboutlearningandusingmultiplelanguages?第三部分閱讀理解（續(xù)）Passage5TheGreatBarrierReef,stretchingover2,300kilometersalongthenortheastcoastofAustralia,istheworld'slargestcoralreefsystemandabreathtakingnaturalwonder.Comprisingover2,900individualreefsand900islands,itishometoanastonishingarrayofmarinelife,includingover1,500fishspecies,numerousspeciesofsharks,rays,turtles,andsixoftheworld'ssevenmarineturtlespecies.Itsvibrantcolors,createdbytinyalgaelivingwithinthecoraltissues,makeitoneofthemostvisuallystunningecosystemsontheplanet.However,thisdelicateecosystemisunderseverethreat.Climatechange,primarilythroughrisingoceantemperaturesleadingtocoralbleaching,isamajorconcern.Pollutionfromagriculturalrunoff,coastaldevelopment,andplasticwastefurtherdegradesthereefenvironment.Overfishingandphysicaldamagefromactivitieslikeshippingalsocontributetoitsdecline.Scientistswarnthatifcurrenttrendscontinue,largepartsoftheGreatBarrierReefcouldbecomeseverelydamagedorevendiewithinthecomingdecades.Conservationefforts,includingmarineprotectedareas,pollutionreductionprograms,andresearchintocoralresilience,arecrucialbutfaceimmensechallenges.ThefateoftheGreatBarrierReefservesasacriticalindicatorofthehealthoftheworld'soceansandtheurgentneedforglobalactiononenvironmentalissues.Questions:21.WhatistheprimarycharacteristicoftheGreatBarrierReefdescribedinthepassage?22.Accordingtothetext,whataresomeofthekeythreatsfacingtheGreatBarrierReef?23.HowdoesthepassageconnectthehealthoftheGreatBarrierReeftobroaderenvironmentalconcerns?24.Thepassagementions"coralbleaching."Basedonthecontext,whatislikelyitsimpactonthereef?25.WhatactiondoesthepassagesuggestiscrucialforthefutureconservationoftheGreatBarrierReef?---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解Passage11.AIwillbringunprecedentedefficiency,automatingmundanetasksandfreeinghumanpotentialformorecreativeandmeaningfulwork.**解析思路：*問題詢問支持者提出的潛在好處。通讀全文，第二段明確提到了支持者的觀點，其中“automatingmundanetasksandfreeinghumanpotentialformorecreativeandmeaningfulwork”直接闡述了效率提升和解放人類潛能的好處。2.Criticsraiselegitimateconcernsaboutjobdisplacement,ethicaldilemmas,andthepotentialformisuse.Thecreationofhighlyautonomoussystemsposesquestionsaboutaccountabilityandtheverynatureofhumanagency.**解析思路：*問題詢問批評者的擔憂。第一段明確指出批評者“raiselegitimateconcerns”，隨后列舉了“jobdisplacement,ethicaldilemmas,andthepotentialformisuse”，并補充了關(guān)于“accountabilityandtheverynatureofhumanagency”的疑問。將這些擔憂整合即為答案。3.Caused;setoff;ignited.**解析思路：*問題要求根據(jù)語境推斷“sparked”的意思。根據(jù)上下文，“sparkeddebate”意為“引發(fā)了辯論”，因此“sparked”在此處的意思應與“引起”、“引發(fā)”相近。4.Carefulplanning,robustethicalframeworks,andinternationalcooperation.**解析思路：*問題詢問確保AI負責任發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵要求。文章最后一句明確指出，“Navigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequirescarefulplanning,robustethicalframeworks,andinternationalcooperationtoensurethatAIdevelopsinamannerbeneficialforhumanityasawhole.”這直接給出了答案。5.ThetensionbetweenthepotentialbenefitsofAIproposedbyproponentsandthesignificantconcernsraisedbycriticsaboutitsimpactonsociety.**解析思路：*問題詢問文章討論的主要張力。全文在第一段前半部分闡述了支持者的好處，后半部分轉(zhuǎn)而討論批評者的擔憂。這種觀點上的對立和沖突構(gòu)成了文章的核心張力。Passage26.AvolunteertriptoadeforestedareainSoutheastAsia.**解析思路：*問題詢問是什么事件使Sarah的決定發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。文章第一段明確提到，“itwasn'tuntilavolunteertriptoadeforestedareainSoutheastAsiathattheissuebecamepersonallyurgent.”7.Shebeganresearchinglocalinitiativesandreachedouttocommunityleadersintheregion.**解析思路：*問題詢問Sarah在返回后采取的初步方法。第一段接著描述了她的行動，“Uponreturninghome,shefeltcompelledtoact...shebeganresearchinglocalinitiativesandreachedouttocommunityleadersintheregion.”8.Sheunderstoodthatlong-termsuccessdependedonempoweringthepeoplewholivedthere.**解析思路：*問題詢問為什么Sarah專注于培訓當?shù)卮迕?。文章第三段說明了原因，“Insteadoflaunchingalarge-scalecharity,Sarahchosetofocusonsustainablereforestationmethodsthatinvolvedtraininglocalvillagers.Sheunderstoodthatlong-termsuccessdependedonempoweringthepeoplewholivedthere.”9.Consistenteffortandtheincreasingparticipationofthecommunity;creatinganeconomicincentiveforconservation.**解析思路：*問題詢問證據(jù)表明Sarah的項目取得成功的依據(jù)。文章第四段提供了證據(jù)，“Hersmallprojectgrew,thankstoconsistenteffortandtheincreasingparticipationofthecommunity.”此外，“creatinganeconomicincentiveforconservation”也說明了項目的可持續(xù)性和社區(qū)融入的成功。10.Individualcommitment,whencombinedwithcommunity-basedsolutions,cangeneratemeaningfulandlastingpositivechange.**解析思路：*問題詢問Sarah的故事傳達的主要信息。通讀全文，Sarah的個人熱情（commitment）結(jié)合了與社區(qū)合作（community-basedsolutions）的方法，最終導致了積極持久的改變（meaningfulandlastingpositivechange）。這是故事的核心主旨。Passage311.Cozinessorcomfort;awarm,invitingatmosphere.**解析思路：*問題詢問“hygge”的主要含義。文章第一段直接定義，“Theconceptof'hygge'(pronouncedHUE-guh),aDanishwordmeaningcozinessorcomfort...”。隨后進一步解釋為“creatingawarm,invitingatmosphere.”12.Candlelight,comfortablefurniture,hotdrinks,spendingqualitytimewithlovedones,enjoyingtheoutdoors.**解析思路：*問題詢問與營造hygge氛圍相關(guān)的常見元素。文章第二段列舉了多個例子，“It'snotaboutextravagancebutaboutfindingjoyinthesmallthings–candlelightdinners,warmblankets,sharedconversations,hotdrinks...spendingqualitytimewithlovedones...enjoyingtheoutdoorsevenincoldweather.”13.Itinvolveddevelopingaculturecenteredaroundhomeandcommunity,fosteringasenseofwell-being,especiallyduringlong,darkwinters.**解析思路：*問題詢問hygge如何與傳統(tǒng)的丹麥文化相關(guān)。文章第二段提到，“Duringthelong,darkwinters,theDanesdevelopedaculturecenteredaroundhomeandcommunity,fosteringasenseofwell-being...”14.Itimpliesaslowerpace,afocusonpersonalwell-beingandsimplepleasures,contrastingwiththefast-pacedandoftenstressfulnatureofmodernlife.**解析思路：*問題詢問“counterpoint”在此處的含義。根據(jù)上下文，“hygge”是與“modernlife”的“counterpoint”，意味著它提供了與快節(jié)奏、壓力大現(xiàn)代生活的對比，強調(diào)了慢節(jié)奏、關(guān)注個人福祉和簡單樂趣。15.Itcansignificantlyreducestress,enhancementalhealth,andstrengthensocialbonds.**解析思路：*問題詢問支持者認為hygge的實踐帶來的好處。文章最后一句明確總結(jié)了益處，“Proponentsarguethatembracinghyggeprinciplescansignificantlyreducestress,enhancementalhealth,andstrengthensocialbonds.”Passage416.Thecognitiveeffectsofbilingualism.**解析思路：*問題詢問Dr.Sharma研究的主要焦點。文章第一段開頭明確指出，“Dr.AnyaSharmahasspentovertwodecadesresearchingthecognitiveeffectsofbilingualism.”17.Cognitiveflexibility–theabilitytoadapttonewsituationsandswitchbetweentasksefficiently;problem-solvingskills.**解析思路：*問題詢問研究發(fā)現(xiàn)雙語者表現(xiàn)出的特定認知能力提升。文章第二段提到，“Theresearch...foundthatregularlyengagingwithtwolanguagesofferssignificantcognitiveadvantages...cognitiveflexibility–theabilitytoadapttonewsituationsandswitchbetweentasksefficiently...Thisflexibilitycorrelatedstronglywithbetterproblem-solvingskills.”18.Itmeansthatbilingualismhelpstoslowdowntherateofmemorylossassociatedwithaging.**解析思路：*問題詢問“actsasabufferagainstcognitivedecline”的可能含義。根據(jù)上下文，“cognitivedeclineassociatedwithaging”指的是與衰老相關(guān)的認知能力下降（如記憶力減退）。因此，“buffer”在此處的意思是指雙語能力有助于減緩這種記憶衰退的過程。19.Navigatingcomplexsocialinteractionsandmakingquick,informeddecisions.**解析思路：*問題詢問Dr.Sharma如何將認知益處與實際情境聯(lián)系起來。文章第三段說明了這一點，“Sharmaemphasizesthatthesebenefitsarenotmerelyacademic;theytranslateintopracticaladvantagesindailylife,suchasnavigatingcomplexsocialinteractionsandmakingquick,informeddecisions.”20.Learningandusingmultiplelanguagesprovidesignificantcognitiveenrichmentandpracticaladvantagesthroughoutlife.**解析思路：**問題詢問Dr.Sharma關(guān)于學習和使用多種語言的信息。根據(jù)文章最后一句的語氣和內(nèi)容，“Sharmaemphasizes...thesebenefitsstronglysupportthecognitiveenrichmentprovidedbybilingualism.”這表明她認為學習和使用多種語言（bilingualism）能帶來重要的認知益處（cognitiveenrichment）。Passage521.Itistheworld'slargestcoralreefsystemandabreathtakingnaturalwonder;itcomprisesover2,900individualreefsand900islands.**解析思路：*問題詢問描述大堡礁的首要特征。文章第一段開頭就給出了總體描述，“TheGreatBarrierReef,stretchingover2,300kilometersalongthenortheastcoastofAustralia,istheworld'slargestcoralreefsystemandabreathtakingnaturalwonder.”隨后進一步說明了其規(guī)模，“Comprisingover2,900individualreefsand900islands.”22.Climatechange(primarilythroughrisingoceantemperaturesleadingtocoralbleaching);pollutionfromagriculturalrunoff,