《實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)》教學(xué)大綱

《ExperimentalAcupunctureScience》Syllabus

實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)是在中西醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)理論指導(dǎo)下,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)和實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,研究針灸學(xué)

基礎(chǔ)理論.刺灸效應(yīng)和機(jī)理,探索針灸對人體生命活動影響規(guī)律的一門新興科學(xué)。它是針灸學(xué)

科新的分支，也是針灸學(xué)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)研究的重要基礎(chǔ)。

ExperimentalAcupunctureinTraditionalChineseMedicineandWesternMedicine

undertheguidanceofscientifictheory,theapplicationofmodernscienceand

technologyandexperimentalmethodstostudythetheoreticalbasisofAcupuncture.

Thornmoxibustioneffectandmechanismofacupunctureonthehumanbodytoexplore

theimpactofthelawoflifeanemergingscience.Itisabranchofthenew

disciplinesofAcupuncture;Acupunctureisalsoanimportantbasisformodern

scientificresearch.

實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)包括理論課和實(shí)驗(yàn)課兩部分.在理論課方面,本大綱所列的項(xiàng)目內(nèi)容均是要

求學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容。為體現(xiàn)教學(xué)計(jì)劃.教學(xué)時數(shù)及本學(xué)科教學(xué)目的性，本大綱的內(nèi)容按教學(xué)

三級要求(掌握、熟悉、了解)，要求掌握的內(nèi)容均為學(xué)生必備的醫(yī)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識。重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容(要

求在充分理解的基礎(chǔ)上，能熟練掌握，準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)其基本概念?；驹砑耙饬x，包括必要的

記憶，并能聯(lián)系實(shí)際，分析綜合，靈活應(yīng)用。要求熟悉的內(nèi)容是使學(xué)生能在理解的基礎(chǔ)上用

自己的語言表達(dá)其基本概念?；具^程.臨床意義及相關(guān)的影響因素,并熟悉其應(yīng)用范圍；了

解的內(nèi)容是要求學(xué)生了解其基本概念.應(yīng)用性意義及及相關(guān)的影響因素。講授內(nèi)容要從培養(yǎng)

目標(biāo)出發(fā)，理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際，充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的主動性和積極性，強(qiáng)調(diào)在自學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上，采用

課堂講授。討論等多種教學(xué)形式，充分應(yīng)用多媒體教學(xué)，努力提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量和教學(xué)效果。

Experiments,includingthetheoryofAcupunctureandlaboratorycoursesintwo

parts.Inregardtotheoreticalcourses,theoutlineofthecontentsarelistedin

theprojectistorequirestudentstolearnthecontent.Torealizetheprogram.

Teachinghoursandtheteachingpurpose,theoutlineofthecontentsofthe

three-tierbytheteachingrequirements(master,familiarwithandunderstand),the

requirementsaretomasterthecontentsofthemedicalstudentsthebasicknowledge

required.Focusonthecontent(inthefullunderstandingoftherequirementson

thebasisofthemastercanaccuratelyexpressitsunderlyingconcepts.Thebasic

principlesandsignificance,includingthenecessarymemory,andwithpractice,

analysisofacomprehensive,flexibleapplication.

Familiarwiththecontentsoftherequirementsistoenablestudentsto

understandthebasisintheirownlanguagetoexpresstheirbasicconcepts.Thebasic

process.Theclinicalsignificanceandimpactofrelevantfactors,andarefamiliar

withthescopeofitsapplication;understandingrequiresthatstudentsunderstand

thebasicconceptsofits.Applicationsofthemeaningandimpactandrelatedfactors.

Trainingobjectivesfromtheteachingcontent,thetheorywithpractice,givefull

playtothestudentstolearninitiativeandenthusiasm,emphasisonself-study,

basedontheuseofclassroomlectures.Teachingandotherformsofdiscussion,the

fullapplicationofmultimediateachingandstrivetoimprovethequalityofteaching

andteachingeffectiveness

為了提高學(xué)生實(shí)踐能力和創(chuàng)新思維能力，現(xiàn)將原來理論課40學(xué)時減為32學(xué)時，實(shí)踐課

由32學(xué)時增為40學(xué)時，共72學(xué)時。

Inordertoimprovetheabilityofstudentstopracticeandinnovativethinking

ability,nowthatthetheoryof40hoursreducedto32hours,practicelessonsfrom

32hoursto40hoursbyatotalof72hours.

《實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)》實(shí)驗(yàn)課包括實(shí)習(xí)和示教兩部分，實(shí)驗(yàn)課的目的在于使學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)基本

的針灸實(shí)驗(yàn)方法及相關(guān)儀器的正確使用，驗(yàn)證.鞏固和理解針灸學(xué)的基本理論:通過實(shí)驗(yàn)課能

培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的動手.動腦及應(yīng)用能力，科學(xué)思維方法和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)目茖W(xué)作風(fēng).本大綱所列實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目是

針推系針灸專業(yè)學(xué)生必作項(xiàng)目。

"ExperimentalAcupunctureExperiment"coursesincludeteachinginternshipsand

twoparts,theexperimentalcourseaimstoenablestudentstolearnthebasicmethod

ofacupunctureandthecorrectuseofequipmenttoverify.Consolidateandunderstand

thebasictheoryofacupuncture:theadoptionoftheexperimentalclassesbeable

totrainstudentsinhands,mindsandabilitytothinkscientificallyrigorous

scientificmethodsandstyle,theoutlineofthepilotprojectisincludedinthe

DepartmentofAcupunctureandstudentswillmakeaproject.

教學(xué)目的要求和內(nèi)容

Thepurposeoftherequirementsandcontentofteaching

緒論

Introduction

【目的要求】

i.掌握：實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)的定義和任務(wù).

2.熟悉：實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)的研究方法及其在醫(yī)學(xué)中的地位

3.了解：實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)的指導(dǎo)思想及發(fā)展史.

RequirementsofObjective

1.Grasp:thedefinitionofexperimentalacupunctureandtasks.

2.Familiarwith:theexperimentalstudiesofacupuncturemethodsandtheirposition

inthemedical

3.Tounderstand:theexperimentalstudyofacupunctureandhistoryofthe

developmentoftheguidingideology.

【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】

1.實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)的任務(wù)

2.實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)的基本內(nèi)容

Content]

1.Thetaskofexperimentalacupuncture

2.Experimentthebasiccontentofacupuncture

⑴理論部分教學(xué)的基本內(nèi)容

⑵實(shí)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)及技能訓(xùn)練的內(nèi)容

(1)teachingthetheorypartofthebasiccontentof

(2)experimentalguidanceandskillstrainingcontent

3.實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)與傳統(tǒng)針灸學(xué)的關(guān)系及其學(xué)術(shù)地位

⑴實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)與傳統(tǒng)針灸學(xué)

⑵實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)在針灸學(xué)術(shù)發(fā)展中的地位

3.Experimentalacupunctureandtraditionalacupunctureanditsacademicstatus

(1)experimentalacupunctureandtraditionalacupuncture

(2)experimentalacupunctureinacupunctureinthestatusofacademicdevelopment

【教學(xué)方法】

課堂講授

Teachingmethods

Classroomteaching

第一章實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)基本研究方法

Chapteracupuncturebasicexperimentalresearchmethod

【目的要求】

i.掌握：實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)科研選題的種類和原則。

2.熟悉：科研設(shè)計(jì)的基本步驟

3.了解：科研標(biāo)書的書寫

RequirementsofObjective

1.Grasp:theexperimentalacupunctureresearchthetypesoftopicsandprinciples.

2.Familiarwith:thebasicstepsofresearchdesign

3.Tounderstand:writingresearchproposals

【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】

1.實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)的研究思路與科研設(shè)計(jì)

⑴選題

⑵文獻(xiàn)檢索

⑶假說建立

(4)立題

Content

1.Experimentalstudiesofacupunctureandresearchdesignideas

(1)topics

(2)DocumentRetrieval

(3)hypothesis-building

(4)titlelegislation

2.實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)的研究方法

⑴臨床研究

⑵實(shí)驗(yàn)研究

2.Experimentalstudiesofacupuncturemethods

ClinicalResearch(1)

Experimentalstudy(2)

【教學(xué)方法】

課堂講授、討論。

Teachingmethods

Classroomlectures,discussion.

第二章針灸學(xué)基礎(chǔ)理論的現(xiàn)代研究

Chapterbasedonthetheoryofacupunctureinmodern

research

【目的要求】

1.掌握：經(jīng)絡(luò)現(xiàn)象、循經(jīng)感傳現(xiàn)象的概念。

2.掌握:穴位的功能、穴位感受刺激的特點(diǎn)、穴位反應(yīng)病證的臨床意義、穴位神經(jīng)解剖結(jié)

構(gòu)分型。

3.掌握:經(jīng)脈穴位與臟腑相關(guān)的含義及研究意義。

4.掌握:針灸作用的基本特點(diǎn)、影響因素；腌穴的特異性對針灸作用的影響。

5.掌握:針灸的時效及量效研究對提高臨床療效的指導(dǎo)意義；針灸的時效過程及后效應(yīng)。

6.熟悉：穴位病理反應(yīng)、種類及特征；針刺穴位引起臟腑功能變化的作用途徑；經(jīng)脈穴位

與臟腑相關(guān)的表現(xiàn)形式。

7.了解：針刺穴位引起臟腑功能變化的作用途徑；影響針灸作用的因素；腌穴的特異性對

針灸作用的影響；量效中，毫針量效、艾灸量效與電針量效的異同點(diǎn)。

RequirementsofObjective

1.Master:Meridianphenomenonthroughbyasenseoftheconceptofmassphenomena.

2.Grasp:thefunctionofacupuncturepoints,acupuncturepointstostimulatethe

feelingsofthecharacteristicsoftheresponsepointsoftheclinicalsignificance

ofdiseases,acupointnerveanatomytyping.

3.Master:meridianpointsassociatedwithorgansofthemeaningandsignificance.

4.Tomaster:theroleofthebasiccharacteristicsofacupuncture,theimpactof

factors;thespecificacupointsontheeffectsofacupuncture.

5.Tomaster:Acupunctureanddoselimitationtoimprovetheclinicalefficacystudy

guide;acupunctureprocessandaftertheeffectsofaging.

6.Familiar:Pointpathologicalresponse,thetypeandcharacteristics;Acupuncture

causefunctionalchangesintheroleoforgansmeans;meridianpointsassociated

withorgansmanifestations.

7.Toknow:Acupuncturecausefunctionalchangesintheroleoforgansmeans;the

impactfactorofacupuncture;specificacupointsontheeffectsofacupuncture;

dose-effect,thefiliformneedledose,dose-effectofmoxibustionand

e1ectro-acupunctureofthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweendose-effectpoint.

【教學(xué)內(nèi)容:】

1.經(jīng)絡(luò)現(xiàn)象與經(jīng)絡(luò)實(shí)質(zhì)

⑴經(jīng)絡(luò)現(xiàn)象

⑵經(jīng)絡(luò)實(shí)質(zhì)

3.穴位的功能與結(jié)構(gòu)

⑴穴位的功能

⑵穴位的結(jié)構(gòu)

⑶穴位針感的形成和傳導(dǎo)

Teachingcontent:

1.Meridiansandmeridianphenomenoninrealterms

(1)MeridianPhenomenon

Meridianreal(2)

3.Acupointsfunctionandstructure

(1)functionpoints

(2)pointsofthestructure

(3)sensetheformationofneedlepointsandconduction

4.經(jīng)脈穴位與臟腑相關(guān)

⑴經(jīng)脈穴位與臟腑相關(guān)現(xiàn)象

⑵經(jīng)脈穴位與臟腑相關(guān)發(fā)生的機(jī)理

5.針灸作用的基本特點(diǎn)及影響因素

⑴針灸作用的基本特點(diǎn)

⑵影響針灸作用的因素

6.針灸時效和量效

⑴針灸時效

⑵針灸量效

4.Meridiansacupuncturepointsassociatedwithorgans

(1)meridiansandacupuncturepointsrelatedtothephenomenonofinternalorgans

(2)meridiansandacupuncturepointsrelatedtotheoccurrenceofthemechanismof

organ

5.Theroleofthebasiccharacteristicsofacupunctureanditsinfluencingfactors

(1)theroleofthebasiccharacteristicsofacupuncture

(2)factorsaffecttheroleofacupuncture

6.Acupunctureprescriptionanddose-effect

(DAcupunctureaging

(2)Dose-effectofacupuncture

【教學(xué)方法】

課堂講授(部分用多媒體)，提問，討論

Teachingmethods

Classroomteaching(somewithmulti-media),toaskquestions,discuss

第三章針灸效應(yīng)及機(jī)理

ChapterIIIEffectandmechanismofacupuncture

【教學(xué)目的】

i.掌握：疼痛、針刺鎮(zhèn)痛、針刺麻醉的概念；疼痛的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)及研究的基本方法。

2.熟悉：針灸對人體各系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)

3.了解：針刺麻醉的基本方法及臨床價值；針刺麻醉和針刺鎮(zhèn)痛原理研究的意義及發(fā)展趨

勢。

TeachingObjective

1.Master:pain,acupunctureanalgesia,theconceptofacupunctureanesthesia;the

natureofpain,characteristicsandthebasicmethodsofresearch.

2.Familiarwith:thehumanbodyacupunctureontheregulationofthesystem

3.Understand:thebasicmethodofacupunctureanesthesiaandclinicalvalue;

principlesofacupunctureanesthesiaandacupunctureanalgesiaandthesignificance

ofresearchtrends.

【教學(xué)內(nèi)容】

1.針刺鎮(zhèn)痛與針刺麻醉

(1)疼痛

⑵針刺(灸)鎮(zhèn)痛

⑶針刺麻醉

(4)針刺鎮(zhèn)痛原理

2.針灸對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)

⑴針灸對神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)作用

⑵針灸治療腦血管病的作用及機(jī)制

⑶針灸治療癲癇的作用及其機(jī)制

Content

1.Acupunctureanalgesiaandacupunctureanesthesia

(1)pain

(2)acupuncture(moxibustion)analgesia

Acupunctureanesthesia(3)

(4)principlesofacupunctureanalgesia

2.Acupunctureontheregulationofnervoussystem

(1)nervoussystemofacupunctureandmoxibustionontheregulatingroleof

Acupuncturetreatmentofcerebrovasculardisease(2)theroleandmechanismof

(3)theroleofacupunctureanditsmechanismofepilepsy

3.針灸對內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)

⑴針灸對內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)作用

⑵針灸調(diào)節(jié)內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)功能的作用機(jī)制

4.針灸對免疫系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)

⑴針灸對免疫系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)作用

⑵針灸調(diào)節(jié)免疫系統(tǒng)功能的作用機(jī)制

3.Acupunctureontheregulationoftheendocrinesystemfunction

(1)acupunctureonthefunctionoftheendocrinesystemregulatingrole

(2)AcupunctureRegulationoftheendocrinesystemfunctioninthemechanism

4.Acupunctureontheregulationoftheimmunesystem

(1)acupunctureontheregulationofimmunesystemfunction

(2)acupunctureregulationfunctionoftheimmunesystemmechanism

5.針灸對呼吸系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)

⑴針灸對呼吸系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)作用

⑵針灸調(diào)節(jié)呼吸系統(tǒng)功能的作用機(jī)制

6.針灸對循環(huán)系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)

⑴針灸對循環(huán)系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)作用

⑵針灸調(diào)節(jié)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)功能的作用機(jī)制

5.Acupunctureontheregulationofrespiratoryfunction

(1)acupunctureontheregulationofrespiratoryfunction

(2)acupunctureregulationmechanismofrespiratoryfunction

6.Acupunctureontheregulationofcirculatoryfunction

(1)acupunctureontheregulationofcirculatoryfunction

Acupuncture(2)thefunctionofregulatingmechanismsofthecirculatorysystem

7.針灸對血液成分的調(diào)節(jié)(自學(xué))

⑴針灸對血液成分的調(diào)節(jié)作用

⑵針灸調(diào)節(jié)血液成分的作用機(jī)制

8.針灸對消化系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)

⑴針灸對消化系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)作用

⑵針灸調(diào)節(jié)消化系統(tǒng)功能的作用機(jī)制

9.針灸對泌尿生殖系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)(自學(xué))

⑴針灸對泌尿生殖系統(tǒng)功能的調(diào)節(jié)作用

⑵針灸調(diào)節(jié)泌尿生殖系統(tǒng)功能的作用機(jī)制

7.Acupunctureontheregulationofbloodcomponents(self)

(1)acupunctureontheregulationofbloodcomponents

(2)acupunctureregulationmechanismofbloodcomponents

8.Acupuncturemodulationofthedigestivesystem

(1)acupuncturetoregulatethedigestivesystemfunction

(2)acupunctureregulationmechanismofthedigestivesystemfunction

9.Acupunctureonthefunctionoftheurogenitalsystemofregulation(self-)

(1)urogenitalsystemofacupunctureandmoxibustionontheregulatingroleof

functional

(2)acupunctureregulationfunctionoftheurogenitalsystemmechanism

【教學(xué)方法】

課堂講授、自學(xué)、實(shí)驗(yàn)。

Teachingmethods[]

Classroom,self-learningexperiment.

第四章現(xiàn)代針灸應(yīng)用技術(shù)研究

ChapterIVApplicationofmodernresearchof

acupuncture

【教學(xué)目的】

了解：各種現(xiàn)代針具的基本原理及使用方法

【教學(xué)方法】

自學(xué)。

Teaching[Objective]

Understanding:themodernneedleandhowtousethebasicprinciplesof

Teachingmethods

Self-learning

第五章賣瞼針灸學(xué)基本研究方法實(shí)可

ChapterVExperimentalacupuncturepracticebasic

researchmethods

實(shí)驗(yàn)(一)基本操作技術(shù)

Experimental(a)ofthebasictechnique

【實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹?/p>

掌握：實(shí)驗(yàn)針灸學(xué)的基本操作技術(shù)。包括大、小鼠的捉法、麻醉、固定、尾靜脈、眼眶采血,

家兔的固定、麻醉、氣管插管、頸總動脈插管、股動脈插管、輸尿管插管及放血，動物的處

死方法。

ExperimentalObjective

Grasp:thebasicexperimentacupuncturetechnique.Includinglarge,catchmicelaw,

anesthesia,fixed,tailvein,orbitalblood,rabbitfixed,anesthesia,tracheal

intubation,carotidartery,femoralarterycannulation,andbleedingureteral

intubation,animalsweresacrificedmethod.

實(shí)驗(yàn)(二)針刺內(nèi)關(guān)穴治療家兔實(shí)驗(yàn)性心律失常療效的觀察

【實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹?/p>

掌握：心律失常模型的制作，觀察毫針針刺雙側(cè)內(nèi)關(guān)穴及旁開對照點(diǎn)對家兔實(shí)驗(yàn)性心律失常

療效的影響，以驗(yàn)證針刺療效及穴位特異性。

了解：心電圖機(jī)的使用方法

Experimental(b)ofacupuncturetreatmentinrabbitsNeiguanarrhythmia

observedeffect

ExperimentalObjective

Master:arrhythmiamodeltoobservethefiliformneedleacupuncturepointsboth

withinandadjacenttoopencustomscontrolpointsonexperimentalarrhythmiasin

rabbitstheeffectsofefficacy,toverifytheefficacyofacupunctureandacupoint

specificity.

Understanding:theuseofECG

實(shí)驗(yàn)(三)針刺對家兔急性過敏性支氣管痙攣的影響

【實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹?/p>

掌握：兔急性過敏性支氣管痙攣模型的制作，觀察針刺膻中、天突穴的抗過敏和平喘作用。

了解：多媒體生理信息記錄的使用方法。

Experimental(c)Effectofacupunctureonacuteallergicbronchospasmimpact

ExperimentalObjective

Master:acuteallergicrabbitmodelbronchospasmobservedTanzhongacupuncture,the

daysofbreakpointsoftheanti-allergicandanti-asthmaticeffect.

Learn:Multimediaphysiologicaluseoftheinformationrecorded.

實(shí)驗(yàn)(四)針刺對實(shí)驗(yàn)性肺水腫家免呼吸狀態(tài)的影響

【實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹?/p>

掌握肺水腫家兔模型的制作方法及針刺中、素穴對其呼吸狀態(tài)的影響。

Experiment(d)EffectofAcupunctureonexperimentalpulmonaryedemainrabbitsthe

effectsofrespiratorystate

ExperimentalObjective

Rabbitmodelofpulmonaryedematomastertheproductionmethodsandacupuncture,

theSu-pointofitsimpactonrespiratorystatus.

實(shí)驗(yàn)(五)艾灸至陰穴對家兔子宮活動的影響

【實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹?/p>

掌握艾灸至陰穴對家兔子宮活動的影響。

Experimentaltozhiyingxuemoxibustiononrabbituterineactivity

ExperimentalObjective

Moxibustionzhiyingxueggraspoftherabbitstotheeffectsofuterineactivity

實(shí)驗(yàn)(六)針刺抗驚厥作用

【實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹?/p>

掌握：小鼠驚厥模型的制作方法，觀察針刺小鼠水溝穴對胰島素過量致驚厥的緩解效應(yīng)及針

刺的急救效應(yīng)。

Experiment(f)anticonvulsanteffectofacupuncture

ExperimentalObjective

Master:convulsionmodelinmicetoobserveacupuncturepointinmicetoinsulin

overdoseditchtoalleviatetheeffectsofseizuresandthefirst-aideffectof

acupuncture.

實(shí)驗(yàn)(七)針刺退熱作用

【實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹?/p>

掌握：家兔熱模型的制作方法，針灸對細(xì)菌或非細(xì)菌性發(fā)熱都具有退熱效應(yīng)，電針家兔大椎

穴以觀察針刺對細(xì)菌或非細(xì)菌性發(fā)熱的退熱效應(yīng)；掌握電針儀的使用方法。

Experiment(g)theroleofacupuncturetreatmentforfever

ExperimentalObjective

Master:rabbitfevermodelmethod,acupuncturebacteriaorbacterialfeverhavea

fevereffect,electro-acupunctureinrabbitsinordertoobservetheneedle大椎

穴ofbacteriaorbacterialfeverantipyreticeffect;tomastertheuseof

electro-acupunctureinstrumentMethods

實(shí)驗(yàn)(A)針刺對失血性休克血壓的影響

【實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康摹?/p>

掌握：家兔失血性休克模型的制作方法；家兔正常血