2024-2025學(xué)年上海市華東師范大學(xué)附屬東昌中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期5月第二次階段測試英語試卷一、語法填空(★★★)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.FriendsforWeatherBothFairandFoulIlovemeetingnewpeople.Overthelastyear,todevelopmyvideomediaproductioncompany,I1(interview)andtalkedwithpeoplefromallwalksoflife,fromrestaurantownerstocoffeeroasters,tomusiceventorganizers.Allofthesenew,mutuallybeneficialconnectionshavehelpedtoexpandmycompany’sfootholdinShanghai.Theserelationships,builtuponabedrockofsharedbenefit,areoftenreferredto2“fair-weather”friendships.Andtheyarenotuniquetotheworldofbusiness.Similarpatternscanbeseeninhowteenagerstodayformtheirsocialconnectionsinonline,digitalspaces.Theymakefriendswith3whosharetheirinterests,experiencesandhobbies.Theserelationshipscancreateasenseofbelongingandbeformativetotheirsocialdevelopment.Butforteenagers,itisimportant4(recognize)theinherent(固有的)limitationsoftheseonlineconnections.Thesebondsoftendon’textendbeyondthepleasureoradvantage5(share)betweenindividuals.Assuch,theyareoftenquicktoendoncemutualbenefithasdisappeared.And6theycanbeusedtosupplement(補(bǔ)充)one’ssociallife,theyshouldn’tbeusedasareplacementforofflinerelationships.Real-lifeinteractionsarecrucialfordevelopingrealsocialskillsandemotionalconnections.Infact,studentscanfindsimilar“fair-weather”friendshipsin7(traditional),offlinesettingslikeschools.Yearsago,IhadthehonorofteachingsomeofthebrighteststudentsatShanghaiJincaiHighSchool.Theywereambitiousanddeterminedtodotheirverybestdespitetheexhaustingcycleoftheirstudies.Underheavypressure,eachclassroombecameasmallcommunity,8studentssupportedoneanotherthroughmutualhelpandencouragement.Thoughtheserelationshipsmayfadeaftergraduation,theyarebeneficialtothestudentswhiletheyexist.Someofthemmayevendeepenovertime,9(last)throughcollegeandintoprofessionallife.Tobetterunderstandthenatureoftheserelationships,wecanlooktotheancientGreekphilosopherAristotle,whofamouslyclassifiedfriendshipintothreedistincttypes:pleasure-based,utility-based,andvirtue-based.Thefirsttwo,basedonmutualbenefitandadvantage,alignwithwhatweseeas“fair-weather”friendships.Thethird,whichisrare,couldberegardedasfriendshipinthetruestsenseoftheterm.Youcancountuponsuchfriendstoseeyouthroughnotjustthe“sunniest”periodsofyourlife,10thedarkeststorms.Thougheachtypecanfosterourgrowth,onlythislastoneprovesindispensable:atruefriendisthehandthatholdstheumbrellawhentherainbeatshardest.二、選詞填空(★★★)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.

A.buriedB.carvedC.damageD.dotE.partiallyF.straight

G.subjectedH.temporarilyI.toweringJ.traditionallyK.uprightEasterIsland,alsocalledRapaNui,isoneofthemostremoteinhabitedplacesonEarth.It’sfamousforthethousandorsomysteriousstatuesthat11itslandscape,calledMoai.Mostofthese12statuesstandwiththeirbackstotheseaonstoneplatformscalledahu.Contrarytopopularbelief,theyaren’tjustheads.Theyhavetorsos(軀干)too,thoughmanyare13orcompletelyburied.Onaverage,theystandaboutfourmeterstallandweigharoundtentonnes.ThetruenumberofMoaiisunknownbecausemanyremain14intheRanoRarakuquarry(采石場)ontheisland’ssouthshore,wherethestatueswerebuilt.ThelargestdiscoveredMoai,named“ElGigante,”whichisabout21meterstallandisthoughttoweighabout200tonnes,isonethatnevermadeitoutofRanoRaraku.ThesestatueswerebuilthundredsofyearsbeforethefirstEuropeanarrivedontheislandin1722.ArcheologistJoAnneVanTilburgbelievesthatPolynesiansdiscoveredtheislandaround1000C.E.,anddevelopedadvancedsocial,politicalandreligioussystemsthatproducedthenobleMoai.TheRapaNuipeoplebelievedthattheirchiefscamefromthegods,andthatafterdeaththeywouldonceagainbecomedivine.Thestatueswerebuiltto15containthespiritsoftheirancestors.Theahuwereoncethesitesofdeathrituals,andexcavationshavefoundhumanremains,bothcremated(火化)andburied,atsomeofthem.Today,thesestatuesarestillconsideredsacredandasourceofspirituallifeforce.TheprocessofcreatingMoaiwasjustassacred.Thecarvers,honoredasmastercraftsmen,tookgreatcarenottooffendspiritsduringthesecretiveconstruction.AMoaistatuewas16directlyfromvolcanictuff(火山凝灰?guī)r)inRanoRaraku,anextinctvolcano.It’sbelievedthatthecarverswouldbeginworkingonthefrontandsidesofthestatue,thengraduallyseparatethebackfromthequarryrock.Thestatuewouldthenbemoveddownhillandplaced17inahole,wherethecarverswouldfinishitsbackandaddpetroglyphs(巖刻)toitssurface.Withthat,thestatuewouldbecomplete.ThevastmajorityofMoaiare18torisingsealevelscausedbyclimatechangeandcoastalerosion.TheRapaNuipredictedthiscenturiesagoandbuiltseawalls,someofwhicharedamagingandrequirereinforcement.VanTilburgsaystheRapaNuipeoplehave19beeninchargeofthatupkeep.Theydothingsonaseasonalbasistoprotecttheirsites,includingweedingbeforeceremonies,andrepairingthewall.However,inrecentyears,it’sbeendifficulttogatherfinancialsupportforsuchrepairs.What’sworse,a2022firecaused“irreparable20”tohundredsofMoai.Withgrowingthreats,it’scrucialtofigureouthowtobetterprotectthesestatuesforagestocome.三、完形填空(★★★★)Historysuggeststhatsocietiesgenerallyoverestimatetheshort-termimplicationsofnewtechnologieswhileunderestimatinglonger-termones.Currentexperiencewithartificialintelligence—thetechnologyenabledbymachine-learning—suggestswearegettingit______thistime.There’stoomuchtalkaboutthepotential“______risk”tohumanityposedbyAI,andtoolittleaboutourexperienceofitsofarandcorporateplansforexploitingthetechnology.AlthoughAIhasbeenhidinginplainsightforadecade,ittookmostpeoplebysurprise.TheappearanceofChatGPTlastNovembersignaledthattheworldhaddiscoveredapowerfulnewtechnology.Notfornothingisthisnew“generativeAI”called“______”:itprovidesthebaseonwhichthenextwaveofdigitalinnovationwillbebuilt.Itisalsotransformationalininnumerableways:itweakenscenturies-oldconceptionsofintellectualproperty,______,andithasthepotentialradicallytoincreaseproductivity,reshapeindustries,changethenatureofsomekindsofworkandsoon.Ontopofthat,though,italsoraisestroublingquestionsaboutthe______ofhumansandtheircapabilities.ThecontinuingdisputebetweentheHollywoodstudiosandscreenwriters’andactors’unionsperfectlyillustratesthe______ofthechallengesposedbyAI.Bothgroupsareupinarmsaboutthewayonlinestreaminghasreducedtheirearnings.Butthewritersalsofeartheirrolewillbe______simplytorewritingAI-generatedscripts;andactorsareconcernedthatdetaileddigitalscanning______bynewmoviecontractswillallowstudiostocreatepersuasivedeepfakesofthemthatstudioswillbeabletoownanduse“fortherestofeternity(永久),inanyprojecttheywant,withnopermissionandnocompensation”.Sothekeyquestionfordemocraciesis:howcanweensureAIisusedforhumanflourishing______corporategain?Onthisquestion,thenewsfrom______isnotgood.Arecentstudybytworenownedeconomists,DaronAcemogluandSimonJohnson,of1,000yearsoftechnologicalprogressshowsthatalthoughsomebenefitshaveusuallytrickled(流)downtothe______,therewardshave—withoneexception—invariablygonetothosewhoownandcontrolthetechnology.The“______”wasaperiodinwhichdemocraciesfosteredcountervailingpowers(抵消力量)—civil-societyorganisations,freemedia,activists,tradeunionsandotherprogressive,technicallyinformedinstitutionsthatsuppliedasteadyflowofideasabouthowtechnologycouldberepurposedfor______ratherthanexclusivelyforprivateprofit.ThisisthelessonfromhistorythatsocietiesconfrontedbytheAIchallengeneedtorelearn.Therearesomesignsthatgovernmentsmayfinallyhaverealizedtheproblem.TheEU,forexample,hasanambitiousandfar-reachingAIActthatismakingitswaythroughtheunion’sprocesses.IntheUS,theBidenadministrationrecentlypublisheda“BlueprintforanAIBillofRights”,whichlooksimpressivebutis______justalistofaspirationsthatsomeofthebigtechcompaniesclaimtoshare.It’sastart—providedgovernmentsdon’tforgetthatleavingtheimplementationofpowerfulnewtechnologiessolelytocorporationsisalwaysa(n)______idea.21.A．theotherwayroundB．a(chǎn)llthewaybackC．onewayortheotherD．justintheway22.A．economicalB．existentialC．economicD．commercial23.A．distinguishedB．prosperousC．pioneeringD．foundational24.A．forexampleB．bycontrastC．inturnD．a(chǎn)tmost25.A．prospectsB．inspirationsC．virtuesD．uniqueness26.A．originB．extentC．implicationD．constitution27.A．creditedB．a(chǎn)ttributedC．reducedD．exposed28.A．enabledB．facilitatedC．implementedD．possessed29.A．a(chǎn)swellasB．inexchangeforC．ratherthanD．a(chǎn)sopposedto30.A．societyB．frontierC．pressD．history31.A．corporationsB．massesC．governmentsD．industries32.A．exceptionB．reminderC．outcomeD．benefit33.A．scientificdiscoveriesB．energyconservationC．socialgoodD．jobsecurity34.A．supposedlyB．essentiallyC．necessarilyD．commonly35.A．impressiveB．sensibleC．outdatedD．bad四、閱讀理解(★★★)AustralialooksbrownerandflatterthanIremembered;it’sdrygrasshereandtheredottedwithtoughbushesandunremarkablebuildings.Thelightingisviolentlyintense.Myfriendkeepstalkinginthedriver’sseatandIrespondwith‘Ah-huh’and‘Ohreally?’toappearinterestedinherstringofgossipaboutpeoplewhosefacesIhavelongforgotten,whosestoriesI’vestoppedcaringabout.‘Areyouokay?’myfriendasks,takinghereyesofftheroadtostudymyexpressionwithherall-knowingeyes.‘Justtired,’Isay.Sheacceptsmyliewithanunconvincedshrug.Ikeepsearchinginmymind’seyes,hopingtobringbackintofocusimagesfromtheremotetownsofAsia:steamcomingoffboilingpots,basketsfilledwithstrangefruits,giantpigsalongsidelittlekids.Ilaughatthethought.‘Somethingfunny?’myfriendasks.‘Oh,justamemory,’Isay.‘ThelittlekidsinnorthernThailandweresofriendly.Whenwe’dpasstheminthestreet,they’dgreetusatthetopoftheirlungsintheirnativelanguage.’‘Cool,’shesays,andthen-’Hey,guesswhat?Ihadmybathroomremade!’‘Wow,’Isay.Andthenshedetailsherbathroomproject,andI‘Ah-huh’and‘Ohreally?’.Homeimprovements,kids,full-timejobs:thesearethestandardconversationtopicsofthirty-somethingwomen.IntheyearssinceIleft,myfriendshavematuredintoresponsibleadults,butI’mstuckinanotherplaceentirely,morecomfortableinalocalbustravelingalongtheedgeofaHimalayanmountain.Iftheyareallgrownupsnow,whatdoesthatmakeme?Peoplesaythattravelchangesyou,butIneveranticipateditwouldbelikethis.Iclosemyeyesandreturntotheexcitementofbeingspedat565milesperhourtosomewhereforeignandwild.ButImuststaythistime.MydadhasbeendiagnosedwithaseriousillnessandsohereIam,backinreality,backtomyroots.36.HowdoestheauthorfeelonherarrivalinAustralia?

A．Interested.B．Conflicted.C．Exhausted.D．Excited.37.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheconversationbetweentheauthorandherfriend?

A．Theyhavedifferentinterestsandlivesasgrownups.B．Theysharefondmemoriesofgrowinguptogether.C．Theycareaboutandprovideupdatesforeachother.D．Theyenjoytellingpersonalstoriestoexchangeideas.38.By“Iftheyareallgrownupsnow,whatdoesthatmakeme?”(inthesecondlastparagraph),theauthormeans_________.

A．theymakemethinkofgrowingupastheydoB．wearealladultswhowilleventuallysettledownC．a(chǎn)comfortablehomeiswhatweallneedasadultsD．diverseexperiencesshapeindividuals’lifepaths39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A．FeelingLostWhenBackinAustraliaB．TheExcitementofTravelingtoAustraliaC．Australia:APlacelikeAsiainMyHeartD．OutofAsia,OutofMind(★★★)Mahjongisatile(牌)-basedgamethatemergedin19th-centuryChinaandspreadworldwideintheearly20thcentury.Itisplayedbyfourplayers,withsomethree-playervariationsfoundinpartsofChina.Inthecommonfour-playerversion,eachplayerbeginswith13tiles;oneveryturnyoutakeonetileandthrowawayonetile.Awinninghandhas14tilesarrangedasonepairandfoursets.Thepairmustbetwoidenticaltilesandeachsetcanbeeitherthreetilesinarow(連續(xù))orthreeidenticaltiles.Therearethreefundamentalsets:Pong/Triplets(碰):threeidenticaltiles(forexample2-2-2dots)Kong(杠):fouridenticaltiles(forexample3-3-3-3characters)Chow(順):threenumbersinarowfromthesamesuit(forexample2-3-4bamboos)Amongthemanyregionalstyles,Hangzhou’sFuyangmahjongisespeciallypopular.Itusesthestandardsuitedtiles(花色),numbered1-9withfouridenticalcopiesofeachtile(108tilestotal):Bamboos,Dots,Characters.Thesearecomplementedbythehonortiles(字張)(28titlestotal):Winds:East,South,West,North—fourcopieseachDragons:Red,Green,White—fourcopieseachsuitedtileshonortilesThereisonlyonewinnerinFuyangMahjong,whogetssumsfromotherplayersbasedontheoverallpointsofhistiles.Thescoringrulesareasfollows.

RuleWhatyouneedPointsDragonsetApongorkongofRed,Green,orWhitedragons+1PurehandAll14tilescomefromonesuitonly

(AllBamboos,orallDots,orallCharacters)+3Mixedone-suithandAmixofhonortiles+onesuit

(Forexample:Winds+Dots)+1Own-windsetApong/kongofyourseatwind

(EastplayerusesEast,SouthplayerusesSouth,etc.)+1AlltripletshandHandshape=4triplets+1pair+1AllhonorshandAll14tilesarewindsand/ordragons

(NoBamboos/Dots/Characters)+13(topscore—otherpointsdonotstack)40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A．TherehastobefourplayersinaMahjonggame.B．Awinninghandismadeupof13tiles.C．Thereare136tilesintotalinFuyangMahjong.D．Theeastplayercangain2pointsbyhavingthreeidenticalwhites.41.Thefollowingisthetilesyouhaveinhand:Whatdoyouneedinordertowin?

A．FourDotsB．RedC．EightDotsD．ThreeDots42.Supposingyouarethenorthplayer,accordingtothepoint-scoringsysteminFuyangMahjong,whichofthefollowinghandshasthehighestscores?

A．B．C．D．(★★★★★)Everydecisionwemakeisarrivedatthroughhugelycomplexneurologicalprocessing.Althoughitfeelsasthoughyouhaveachoice,theactionthatyou‘decide’totakeisentirelydirectedbyautomaticneuralactivity.Brainimagingstudiesshowthataperson’sactioncanbepredictedbytheirbrainactivityupto10secondsbeforetheythemselvesbecomeawaretheyaregoingtoact.Multipleneuroscientificstudiesshowthateventhoseimportantdecisionsthatfeelworkedoutarejustasautomaticasknee-jerkreactions(膝跳反應(yīng))(althoughmorecomplex).Decision-makingstartswiththeamygdala:asetoftwoalmond-shapednuclei(杏仁狀核)burieddeepwithinthebrain,whichgenerateemotion.Theamygdalaregisterstheinformationstreaminginthroughoursensesandrespondstoitinlessthanasecond,sendingsignalsthroughoutthebrain.Theseproduceanurgetorun,fight,freezeorgrab,accordingtohowtheamygdalavaluesvariousstimuli.Beforeweactontheamygdala’ssignals,however,theinformationisusuallyprocessedbyotherbrainareas,includingsomethatproduceconsciousthoughtsandemotions.Areasconcernedwithrecognitionworkoutwhat’sgoingon,thoseconcernedwithmemorycompareitwithpreviousexperiences,andthoseconcernedwithreasoning,judgingandplanninggettoworkonconstructingvariousactionplans.Thebestplan—ifwearelucky—isthenselectedandcarriedout.Ifanyofthisprocessgoeswrong,wearelikelytohesitate,ordosomethingsilly.Thevariousstagesofdecision-makingaremarkedbydifferenttypesofbrainactivity.Fast(gamma)waves,withfrequenciesof25to100Hz,produceakeenawarenessofthemultiplefactorsthatneedtobetakenintoaccounttoarriveatadecision.Ifyouaretryingtochooseasandwich,forinstance,gammawavesgeneratedinvariouscellswithinthe‘taste’areaofthebrainbringtomindandcomparethetasteofham,hummus,wholemeal,sourdough,andsoon.Althoughitmayseemusefultobeawareofthefullrangeofchoice,toomuchinformationmakesdecision-makingmoredifficult,soirrelevantfactorsgetdismissedquicklyandunconsciously.Afterthiscomparisonstage,thebrainswitchestoslow-waveactivity(12to30Hz).Thisextinguishesmostofthegammaactivity,leavingjustasingle‘hotspot’ofgammawaveswhichmarksthechosenoption.Althoughthereisno‘you’outsideyourbraintodirectwhatit’sdoing,youcanhelpittomakegooddecisionsbyplacingyourselfinasituationwhichislikelytomaketheprocessrunmoresmoothly.Doingsomethingthatisphysicallyormentallystimulatingbeforemakingadecisionwillhelpyourbrainproducetheinitialgammawavesthatgenerateawarenessofthecompetingoptions.Gettingover-excited,ontheotherhand,willpreventtheswitchtotheslowbrainwaves,makingitmuchhardertosingleoutachoice.43.Whydoesthewritermention“knee-jerkreactions”inthefirstparagraph?

A．Tointroducethefindingofthelatestbrainimagingstudies.B．Toillustratethatdecisionsarenotconsciouslythoughtout.C．Tocallattentiontoakindofneuralreactionthatisnotverycomplex.D．Toshowthedifferencebetweendecision-makingandotherbrainactivity.44.Whatdoestheamygdaladoaccordingtothepassage?

A．Itworksoutconsciousthoughtsandemotions.B．Itselectsthebestactionplanforagivensituation.C．Itdismissesfactorsthatareirrelevanttothedecisiontobemade.D．Itprocessessensoryinformationandgeneratesemotionalresponses.45.Whatcanbeconcludedfromparagraphs4and5?

A．Slow-waveactivityusuallylastslongerthanfast-waveactivity.B．Thebrainprioritizesinformationbeforesettlingonafinalchoice.C．Decision-makingisdifficultwhenslow-waveactivityoccursfirst.D．Thebrainneedsasmuchinformationaspossibletomakeadecision.46.Howdoesengaginginstimulatingactivitieshelpthedecision-makingprocess?

A．Bypreparingthebraintosingleoutthemostreasonablechoice.B．Byhelpingthebrainswitchtoslow-waveactivitymorequickly.C．Bygettingthebraintofocusonthosemostrelevantalternatives.D．Bymakingthebrainmoreawareofthefactorsandchoicesinvolved.(★★★)HumanityandTechnology:ADelicateBalanceTherelationshipbetweenhumansandtechnologyhasalwaysbeencomplex.Itisadanceofprogressandcaution,eachsteprequiringthoughtfulevaluation.Fromtheinventionofthewheeltoartificialintelligence,technologicaladvancementshaveundeniablyimprovedourlives.Today,smartphonesconnectbillionsglobally,medicalbreakthroughsextendlifespans,andrenewableenergytechnologiescombatclimatechange.However,thisdependencecarriesrisks.47.Studiesshowthatexcessivescreentimereducesface-to-facecommunicationskills,whileautomationthreatenstraditionaljobs.A2023UNESCOreportwarnedthatover40%ofyouthfeel"digitallyaddicted,"strugglingtofocusonofflineactivities.48.Forinstance,socialmediaalgorithmsdesignedtomaximizeengagementoftenspreadmisinformation,deepeningsocietaldivisions.Additionally,facialrecognitionsystems,thoughefficient,raiseethicalconcernsaboutprivacy.AsphilosopherLangdonWinnerobserved,"Technologiesarenotmerelytools;theyreshapehumanbehavior."Tonavigatethischallenge,educationsystemsmustevolve.Schoolsshouldteachdigitalliteracyalongsideemotionalintelligence,helpingstudentscriticallyevaluateonlinecontentwhilenurturingempathy.49.Japan’s“digitaldetox”schoolprogramsandGermany’sdataethicscoursesofferpromisingmodels.Ultimately,technologymirrorsitscreators.50Byfosteringresponsibilityandwisdom,humanitycanensuretechnologyremainsaservant,notamaster.

A．Thekeyliesinstrikingabalancebetweeninnovationandhumanvalues.B．Forexample,electriccarsreduceairpollutioninurbanareassignificantly.C．Historiansarguethatancientcivilizationscollapsedduetoresourceoveruse.D．Moreover,technology’sunintendedconsequencesdemandurgentattention.E．Withoutproperregulation,thosetoolsmaygraduallyerodeourautonomy.F．Ifweprioritizeethicsoverconvenience,technologycanmultiplyourhumanityratherthanreduceit.五、書面表達(dá)(★★★)51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.BuildbetterboundariesDoingagooddeedlikehelpingyourfriendwiththeirhomeworkorsharingasnackcanmakeyoufeelhappy.Studiesshowthatkindnessisgoodforyourwellbeing.However,ifyouoftenagreetothingsyoudon’twanttodo,orfeelguiltysayingno,youcouldbefallingintoapeople-pleasingtrap.It’snotalwayseasytotellwhenthishappensbutoneclueisthatit’sdifficulttostop.Pleasingotherpeoplemayfeelgoodforashortwhilebutthefeelingdoesn’tlast.Thisiswhyit’sagoodideatosetlimitsonwhatyou’lldoforothers.Thesearecalled“boundaries”.Spendingtoomuchenergyonsomeoneelsecanstopyoudoingthingsyouwantorneedtodo.Researchhasfoundtha