2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解專項訓(xùn)練：長難句解析與高頻詞匯實戰(zhàn)演練考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分長難句解析directions:Eachofthefollowingsentencesisacomplexsentence.Pleaseanalyzeitsstructure,identifyingthemainclauseandallsubordinateclauses.Foreachsubordinateclause,indicateitstype(e.g.,adverbialclauseoftime,reason,condition,etc.)anditsfunction(e.g.,subject,object,complement,etc.)withinthemainclause.Additionally,circleandbrieflydefineanythreechallengingvocabularyitemsyouencounterinthesentence.1.Despitethefactthatnumerousstudieshavebeenconductedoverthepastfewdecadesattemptingtoestablishadefinitivelinkbetweenexposuretocertainenvironmentalpollutantsandthesubsequentdevelopmentofchronicrespiratoryconditions,thescientificcommunityremainslargelydividedovertheexistenceandseverityofsuchacausalrelationship,primarilyduetothecomplexinterplayofgeneticpredispositionsandvaryingdegreesofindividualsusceptibilityamongdifferentpopulationsstudied.2.Therapidadvancementandincreasingintegrationofartificialintelligence(AI)technologiesintodiversesectorsoftheglobaleconomy,whichhasbeenacceleratedbysignificantbreakthroughsinmachinelearningalgorithmsandcomputationalpoweroverthelastfiveyears,areexpectedtofundamentallytransformtraditionalbusinessmodelsandlabormarkets,posingbothunprecedentedopportunitiesforinnovationandconsiderablechallengesforworkforceadaptationandretraining.3.Notonlydidtheunexpectedresignationofthelong-servingCEOsendshockwavesthroughthecorporateboardroom,triggeringintensespeculationabouttheunderlyingreasonsandpotentialleadershipinstabilitywithinthecompany,butitalsopromptedawidespreadreassessmentoftheboard'sgovernancestrategiesandriskmanagementprotocolsinthewakeofthisabruptleadershipvacuum.4.Whileacknowledgingthepotentialshort-termeconomicbenefitsthatmightaccruefromimplementingcertainregulatoryreformsaimedatstimulatingindustrialactivity,manyeconomistsarguethatthelong-termsocietalcostsassociatedwithenvironmentaldegradationandresourcedepletion,whichcouldmanifestasirreversibleecologicaldamageanddiminishedpublichealthoutcomes,mayultimatelyoutweightheinitialgains,therebynecessitatingamorebalancedandsustainableapproachtopolicy-making.5.Theprotagonist,whohadmeticulouslyplannedhiselaborateschemeforseveralmonthswithacalculateddisregardfortheethicalimplicationsofhisactions,foundhimselfunexpectedlyconfrontedwithamoralcrisisuponrealizingthedevastatingpotentialconsequencesofhismeticulouslycraftedstrategyupontheinnocentbystanderscaughtinthecrossfire,forcinghimtohastilyreconsiderhiscourseofaction.第二部分高頻詞匯實戰(zhàn)演練directions:Beloweachsentence,fourwordsorphrasesareprovided.Choosetheonethatbestfitsthemeaningofthesentenceandexplainbrieflywhyyouselectedit,consideringitsconnotationandthespecificcontext.1.Thediscoveryofthisancientmanuscript,whichhadbeenlosttohistoryforcenturies,providedscholarswithinvaluableinsightsintotheculturalpracticesandsocialstructuresofthatlong-vanishedcivilization.(a)overlooked,significance,customs,frameworks(b)hidden,importance,traditions,systems(c)forgotten,relevance,habits,mechanisms(d)misplaced,impact,rituals,organizations2.Facingintensecompetitionintheglobalmarket,thecompanywasforcedtorevampitsproductlineandstreamlineitsoperationstostayaheadofthecurveandmaintainitscompetitiveedge.(a)severe,renew,simplify,keeppace,advantage(b)fierce,update,automate,remainrelevant,strength(c)heavy,overhaul,rationalize,keepabreast,benefit(d)strong,modify,optimize,maintainprogress,position3.Thegroundbreakingresearchconductedbytheinternationalteamnotonlyshedlightonthecomplexmechanismsunderlyingthediseasebutalsopavedthewayforthedevelopmentofpotentiallylife-savingtherapiesthatcouldsignificantlyalleviatepatientsuffering.(a)innovative,illuminated,facilitated,crucial,diminish(b)pioneering,explained,enabled,critical,reduce(c)revolutionary,highlighted,encouraged,essential,lessen(d)substantial,disclosed,supported,important,decrease4.Despitetheproverbialdifficultiesassociatedwithnavigatingtheintricatewebofinternationaltraderegulations,thefirm'sdedicatedteamsuccessfullysecuredthenecessaryassurancesandfacilitatedthesmoothexpansionofitsmarketpresenceintotheEuropeanUnion.(a)well-known,managing,confirmations,promoted,development(b)legendary,dealingwith,guarantees,expedited,enlargement(c)notorious,navigating,warranties,accelerated,extension(d)common,handling,assurances,enabled,growth5.Theheftycompensationpackageofferedtothecandidate,whichincludednotonlyasubstantialbasesalarybutalsogenerousbenefitsandperformance-basedbonuses,wasseenasanecessitytoattractandretaintoptalentinthehighlycompetitivejobmarketforspecializedengineers.(a)significant,considerable,abundant,prerequisite,secureandkeep,demanding(b)considerable,large,ample,requirement,obtainandmaintain,saturated(c)substantial,high,generous,essential,lureandhold,intense(d)considerable,broad,plentiful,obligation,drawandkeep,challenging試卷答案第一部分長難句解析1.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：*主句：Thescientificcommunityremainslargelydividedovertheexistenceandseverityofsuchacausalrelationship.*讓步狀語從句(由`Despitethefactthat...`引導(dǎo))：Despitethefactthatnumerousstudieshavebeenconductedoverthepastfewdecadesattemptingtoestablishadefinitivelinkbetweenexposuretocertainenvironmentalpollutantsandthesubsequentdevelopmentofchronicrespiratoryconditions*從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(studies)+謂語(havebeenconducted)+時間狀語(overthepastfewdecades)+狀語(attemptingtoestablish...)，其中`toestablish...`是動詞不定式作目的狀語；`between...and...`是介詞短語作`link`的定語；`subsequentdevelopment`是名詞短語作`link`的賓語。*原因狀語從句(由`dueto...`引導(dǎo))：primarilyduetothecomplexinterplayofgeneticpredispositionsandvaryingdegreesofindividualsusceptibilityamongdifferentpopulationsstudied*從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(`thecomplexinterplay`)+of短語(`ofgeneticpredispositionsandvaryingdegreesofindividualsusceptibility`)+介詞短語作地點/范圍狀語(`amongdifferentpopulationsstudied`)。*詞匯：`divided`(分歧的),`subsequent`(隨后的),`predispositions`(傾向性),`susceptibility`(易感性)。2.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：*主句：Therapidadvancementandincreasingintegrationofartificialintelligence(AI)technologiesintodiversesectorsoftheglobaleconomyareexpectedtofundamentallytransformtraditionalbusinessmodelsandlabormarkets.*定語從句(由`which`引導(dǎo))：whichhasbeenacceleratedbysignificantbreakthroughsinmachinelearningalgorithmsandcomputationalpoweroverthelastfiveyears*從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(`significantbreakthroughs`)+in短語(`inmachinelearningalgorithmsandcomputationalpower`)+時間狀語(`overthelastfiveyears`)，`accelerated`是過去分詞作后置定語修飾`breakthroughs`。*狀語從句(由`posing...`引導(dǎo)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果/伴隨狀語)：posingbothunprecedentedopportunitiesforinnovationandconsiderablechallengesforworkforceadaptationandretraining*從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)：`opportunitiesforinnovation`和`challengesforworkforceadaptationandretraining`是并列結(jié)構(gòu)作`opportunities`和`challenges`的定語。*詞匯：`integration`(整合),`fundamentally`(根本地),`labormarkets`(勞動力市場),`accelerated`(加速的),`computational`(計算的),`unprecedented`(前所未有的)。3.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：*主句：Theunexpectedresignationofthelong-servingCEOtriggeredintensespeculationabouttheunderlyingreasonsandpotentialleadershipinstabilitywithinthecompany.*并列主句(由`and`連接，Notonly...butalso...結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分)：Notonlydidtheunexpectedresignationofthelong-servingCEOsendshockwavesthroughthecorporateboardroom*`Notonly`置于句首，部分倒裝(`didthe...resignationsend`)。主語(`theunexpectedresignation`)+謂語(`didsend`)+賓語(`shockwaves`)+狀語(`throughthecorporateboardroom`)。*另一個并列部分：butalsopromptedawidespreadreassessmentoftheboard'sgovernancestrategiesandriskmanagementprotocolsinthewakeofthisabruptleadershipvacuum*主語(`it`,指代`resignation`或`theunexpectedresignation`)+謂語(`prompted`)+賓語(`awidespreadreassessment`)+of短語(`oftheboard'sgovernancestrategiesandriskmanagementprotocols`)+介詞短語作狀語(`inthewakeofthisabruptleadershipvacuum`)。*詞匯：`resignation`(辭職),`speculation`(猜測),`underlying`(潛在的),`triggered`(引發(fā)),`corporateboardroom`(公司董事會會議室),`governance`(治理),`protocols`(規(guī)程)。4.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：*讓步狀語從句(由`Whileacknowledging...`引導(dǎo))：Whileacknowledgingthepotentialshort-termeconomicbenefitsthatmightaccruefromimplementingcertainregulatoryreformsaimedatstimulatingindustrialactivity*從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(`thepotentialshort-termeconomicbenefits`)+that引導(dǎo)的定語從句(`thatmightaccruefromimplementingcertainregulatoryreformsaimedatstimulatingindustrialactivity`)，其中`thatmightaccrue`是從句主語；`fromimplementing...`是介詞短語作`accrue`的狀語；`aimedatstimulating...`是過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾`reforms`。*主句：manyeconomistsarguethatthelong-termsocietalcostsassociatedwithenvironmentaldegradationandresourcedepletionmayultimatelyoutweightheinitialgains,therebynecessitatingamorebalancedandsustainableapproachtopolicy-making.*主語(`manyeconomists`)+謂語(`argue`)+that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(`thatthelong-termsocietalcosts...mayultimatelyoutweightheinitialgains,therebynecessitating...`)。*賓語從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(`thelong-termsocietalcosts`)+associatedwith短語(`associatedwithenvironmentaldegradationandresourcedepletion`)+mayultimatelyoutweigh(`mayultimately`作狀語修飾`outweigh`；`theinitialgains`作`outweigh`的賓語)；`therebynecessitatingamorebalancedandsustainableapproachtopolicy-making`是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。*詞匯：`acknowledging`(承認),`accrue`(產(chǎn)生),`societal`(社會的),`degradation`(退化),`resourcedepletion`(資源耗竭),`ultimately`(最終地),`outweigh`(超過),`necessitating`(使成為必要)。5.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：*主句：Theprotagonistfoundhimselfunexpectedlyconfrontedwithamoralcrisisuponrealizingthedevastatingpotentialconsequencesofhismeticulouslycraftedstrategyupontheinnocentbystanderscaughtinthecrossfire,forcinghimtohastilyreconsiderhiscourseofaction.*主語(`Theprotagonist`)+謂語(`foundhimself`)+狀語(`unexpectedly`)+過去分詞短語作賓語補足語(`confrontedwithamoralcrisis`)+時間狀語/介詞短語(`uponrealizing...`)+賓語從句(`thatthedevastatingpotentialconsequences...`)+介詞短語(`ofhismeticulouslycraftedstrategy`)+介詞短語(`upontheinnocentbystanderscaughtinthecrossfire`)，`realizing...`是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語修飾`found`；`forcinghim...`是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。*賓語從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(`thedevastatingpotentialconsequences`)+of短語(`ofhismeticulouslycraftedstrategy`)+upon短語(`upontheinnocentbystanderscaughtinthecrossfire`)。*定語從句(由`who`引導(dǎo))：whohadmeticulouslyplannedhiselaborateschemeforseveralmonthswithacalculateddisregardfortheethicalimplicationsofhisactions*從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(`he`)+謂語(`hadmeticulouslyplanned`)+賓語(`hiselaboratescheme`)+時間狀語(`forseveralmonths`)+狀語(`withacalculateddisregardfortheethicalimplicationsofhisactions`)，`with...`是介詞短語作狀語。*詞匯：`protagonist`(主人公),`confrontedwith`(面臨),`moralcrisis`(道德危機),`devastating`(毀滅性的),`meticulouslycrafted`(精心策劃的),`innocentbystanders`(無辜旁觀者),`crossfire`(槍戰(zhàn)中的無辜者),`hastilyreconsider`(匆忙重新考慮)。第二部分高頻詞匯實戰(zhàn)演練1.答案：(b)hidden,importance,traditions,systems解析思路：句子表達的是一件被遺忘很久的文獻的重要性以及它對了解古代文明的作用。`losttohistory`意味著被遺忘。選項(b)的`hidden`(隱藏的)意境相符；`importance`(重要性)對應(yīng)句子結(jié)構(gòu)；`traditions`(傳統(tǒng))和`systems`(體系)是理解文明時需要關(guān)注的方面，與`culturalpractices`意境接近。其他選項詞義或搭配不如(b)恰當(dāng)。2.答案：(c)heavy,overhaul,rationalize,maintainprogress,benefit解析