12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題（第1套）

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Each

statementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhich

(heinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphis

markedwithaletter.

MeaningIsHealthierThanHappiness

[A]Foratleastthelastdecade,thehappinesscrazehasbeenbuilding.Inthelastthreemonths

alone,over1,000booksonhappinesswerereleasedonAmazon,includingHappyMoney,

Happy-People-PillsForAll,and,forthosejuststartingout,HappinessforBeginners.

|B]Oncoftheconsistentclaimsofbooksliketheseisthathappinessisassociatedwithallsortsof

goodlifeoutcomes,including-mostpromisingly-goodhealth.Manystudieshavenotedthe

connectionbetweenahappymindandahealthybody-thehappieryouare,(hebetterhealth

outcomesweseemtohave.Inameta-analysis(overview)of150studiesonthistopic,researchers

putitlike(his:uInductionsofwell-beingleadtohealthyfunctioning,andinductionsofill-being

leadtocompromisedhealth.n

[C]Butanewstudy,justpublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences

(PNAS)challengestherosypicture.Happinessmaynotbeasgoodforthebodyasresearchers

thought.Itmightevenbebad.

|D]Ofcourse,it'simportanttofirstdefinehappiness.Afewmonthsago,Iwroteapiececalled

uThere'sMoretoLifeThanBeingHappywaboutapsychologystudythatdugintowhat

happinessreallymeanstopeople.Itspecificallyexploredthedifferencebetweenameaningfullife

andahappylife.

[E]Itseemsstrangethattherewouldbeadifferencea(all.Buttheresearchers,wholookedata

largesampleofpeopleoveramonth-longperiod,foundthathappinessisassociatedwithselfish

utaking"behaviorandthathavingasenseofmeaninginlifeisassociatedwithselfless44givingn

behavior.

[F]"Happinesswithoutmeaningcharacterizesarelativelyshallow,self-absorbedorevenselfish

life,inwhichthingsgowell,needsanddesirearceasilysatisfied,anddifficultortaxing

entanglementsareavoided,'theauthorsofthestudywrote."Ifanything,purehappinessislinked

tonothelpingothersinneed.MWhilebeinghappyisaboutfeelinggood,meaningisderivedfrom

contributingtoothersortosocietyinabiggerway.AsRoyBaumeister,oneoftheresearchers,

toldme,"Partlywhatwedoashumanbeingsistolakecareofothersandcontributetooihers.

Thismakeslifemeaningfulbutitdoesnotnecessarilymakeushappy.”

[G|ThenewPNASstudyalsoshedslightonthedifferencebetweenmeaningandhappiness,but

onthebiologicallevel.BarbaraFredrickson,apsychologicalresearcherwhospecializesin

positiveemotionsattheUniversityofNorthCarolina-ChapelHill,andSteveCole,ageneticsand

psychiatricresearcheratUCLA,examinedtheself-reportedlevelsofhappinessandmeaningin80

researchsubjects.

|H]Happincsswasdefined,asintheearlierstudy,byfeelinggood.Theresearchersmeasured

happinessbyaskingsubjectsquestionslike“Howoftendidyoufeelhappy?”"Howoftendid

youfeciinterestedinlife?”and"Howoftendidyoufeelsatisfied?MThemorestronglypeople

endorsedthesemeasuresofhedonicwell-being,orpleasure,(hehigher(heyscoredon

happiness.

|"Meaningwasdefinedasanorientation(osomethingbiggerthan(heself.Theymeasured

meaningbyaskingquestionslike“Howoftendidyoufeelthatyourlifehasasenseofdirection

ormeaningtoit?”,“Howoftendidyoufeelthatyouhadsomethingtocontributetosociety?M,

and“Howoftendidyoufeelthatyoubelongedtoacommunitysocialgroup?”Themorepeople

endorsedthesemeasuresof“eudaimonicwell-being°-or,simplyput,virtue-themoremeaning

theyfeltinlife.

[JJAftcrnotingthesenseofmeaningandhappinessthateachsubjecthad,FredricksonandCole,

withtheirresearchcolleagues,lookedatthewayscertaingenesexpressedthemselvesineachof

theparticipants.LikeneuroscientistswhousefMRIscanningtodeterminehowregionsinthe

brainrespondtodifferentstimuli.ColeandFredricksonareinterestedinhowthebody,atthe

geneticlevel,respondstofeelingsofhappinessandmeaning.

[K|Cole'spastworkhaslinkedvariouskindsofchronicadversitytoaparticulargeneexpression

pattern.Whenpeoplefeellonely,aregrievingthelossofalovedone,orarestrugglingtomake

endsmeet,theirbodiesgointothreatmode.Thistriggers(heactivationofastress-relatedgene

patternthathastwofeatures:anincreaseintheactivityofpron-inflammatorj/genesanda

decreaseintheactivityofgenesinvolvedinanti-viralresponses.

stressresponse.Theirbodieswerenotpreparingthemforthebacterialinfectionsthatwegetwhen

wearcaloneorintrouble,butfortheviralinfectionswegetwhensurroundedbyalotofother

people.

[PJFredrickson'spastresearch,describedinhertwobooks,PositivityandLove2.0,hasmapped

(hebenefitsofpositiveemotionsinindividuals.Shehasfoundihalpositiveemotionsbroadena

person,sperspectiveandbufferspeopleagainstadversity.Soitwassurprisingtoherthat

hedonisticwell-being,whichisassociatedwithpositiveemotionsandpleasure,didsobadlyin

thisstudycomparedwitheudaimonicwell-being.

[Q]"It'snottheamountofhedonichappinessthat'saproblem,“Fredricksontellsme,uIt'sthat

it'snotmatchedbyeudaimonicwell-being.It'sgreatwhenbothareinstep.Butifyouhavemore

hedonicwell-beingthanwouldbeexpected,that'swhenthis[gene]patternthat'sakintoadversity

emerged.0

[R]Thetermshedonismandeudemonismbringtomindthegreatphilosophicaldebate,whichhas

shapedWesterncivilizationforover2,000years,aboutthenatureof(hegoodlife.Doeshappiness

lieinfeelinggood,ashedoniststhink,orindoingandbeinggood,asAristotleandhisintellectual

descendants,thevirtueethicists,think?Fromtheevidenceofthisstudy,itseemsthatfeelinggood

isnotenough.Peopleneedmeaningtothrive.InthewordsofCarlJung,“Theleastofthingswith

ameaningisworthmoreir.lifethanthegreatestofthingswithoutit."Jung'swisdomcenainly

seemstoapplytoourbodies,ifnotalsotoourheartsandourminds.

46.Theauthor'srecentarticleexaminedhowameaningfullifeisdifferentfromahappylife.

47.Itshouldbenotedthatmanypeoplefeeltheirlifeisbothhappyandmeaningful.

48.Accordingtoonesurvey,thereisacloserelationshipbetweenhedonicwell-beingmeasures

andhighscoresonhappiness.

49.Accordingtooneof(heauthorsofanewstudy,whatmakeslifemeaningfulmaynotmake

peoplehappy.

50.Experimentswerecarriedouttodetermineourbody'sgeneticexpressionoffeelingsof

happinessandmeaning.

51.Anewstudyclaimshappinessmaynotcontribute(ohealth.

52.Accordingtoresearchers,takingmakesforhappinesswhilegivingaddsmeaningtolife.

53.Evidencefromresearchshowsthatittakesmeaningforpeopletothrive.

54.Withregardtogeneexpressionpatterns,happypeoplewithlittleornosenseofmeaningin

lifearefoundtobesimilartothosesufferingfromchronicadversity.

55.Mostbooksonhappinesstodayassertthathappinessisbeneficialtohealth.

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Nothingsucceedsinbusinessbookslikethestudyofsuccess.Thecurrentbusiness-bookboom

waslaunchedin1982byTomPetersandRobertWatermanwith“InSearchofExcellenceIthas

beenkeptgoingeversincebyasuccessionofgurusandwould-beguruswhopromisetodistilthe

essenceofexcellenceintothree(orfiveorseven)simplerules.

TheThreeRulesisasclf-consciouscontributiontothistype;itevenincludesabibliographyof

usuccessstudiesn.MessrsRaynorandMumtazAhmedworkforaconsultancy,Deloitte,thatis

determinedtoturnitselfintomoreofathought-leaderandlessacorporaterepairman.They

employallthetricksofthesuccessgenre.Theyinsistthattheirconclusionsareumeasurableand

actionable°-guidetobehaviorratherthananalysisfbritsownsake.Successauthorsusuallyserve

upvividstoriesabouthowexceptionalbusiness-peoplestampedtheirpersonalitiesonacompany

orrescueditfromalife-threateningcrisis.MessrsRaynorandAhmedarehappierchewingthe

numbers:theyprovidedetailedappendicesonucalculatingtheelementsofadvantageMand

udetailedanalysisn.

Theauthorsspentfiveyearsstudyingthebehavioroftheir344uexceptionalcompaniesM.only

tocomeupatfirstwithnotliing.Everyhunch（直覺）ledtoablindalleyandeveryhypothesistoa

deadend.Itwasonlywhentheyshiftedtheirattentionfromhowcompaniesbehavetohowthey

thinkthattheybegantomakesenseoftheirvoluminousmaterial.

Managementisallaboutmakingdifficulttradeoffsinconditionsthatarealwaysuncertainand

ever-changing.Butexceptionalcompanies'approachthesetrade-offswithtwosimplerulesin

mind,sometimesconsciously,sometimesunconsciously.First:belterbeforecheaper.Companies

aremorelikelytosucceedinthelongruniftheycompeteonqualityorperformancethanonprice.

Second:revenuebeforecost.Companieshavemoretogaininthelongrunfromdrivingup

revenuethanbydrivingdowncosts.

Mostsuccessstudiessufferfromtwofaults.Thereis44thehalo（光環(huán)）effect"，wherebygood

performanceleadscommentatorstoattributeallmannerofvirtuestoanythingandeverythingthe

companydocs.Thesevirtuesthensuddenlybecomeviceswhenthecompanyfails.MessrsRaynor

andAhmedworkhardtoavoidthesemistakesbystudyinglargebodiesofdataoverseveral

decades.Buttheyendupembracingadifferenterror:statingtheobvious.Mostbusinesspeople

willnotbesurprisedtolearn（hatitisbettertofindaprofitableniche（縫隙市場）andfocuson

boostingyourrevenuesihantocompeteonpriceandcutyourwaytosuccess.Thedifficult

questionishowtofindthatprofitablenicheandprotectit.There.TheThreeRulesislessuseful.

56.Whatkindofbusinessbooksaremostlikelytosellwell?

ABooksonexcellence.

BGuidestomanagement.

CBooksonbusinessrules.

DAnalysesofmarkettrends.

57.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutbooksonsuccesssofar?

ATheyhelpbusinessmenonwayoranother.

BTheyarewrittenbywell-recognizedexperts.

CTheymoreorlessfallintothesamestereotype.

DTheyarebasedonanalysesofcorporateleaders.

58.HowdoesTheThreeRulesdifferentfromothersuccessbooksaccordingtothepassage?

AItfocusesonthebehaviorofexceptionalbusinessmen.

BItbasesitsdetailedanalysisonlargeamountofdata.

CItofferspracticableadvicetobusinessmen.

DItdrawsconclusionfromvividexamples.

59.Whatdocsthepassagesaycontributestothesuccessofexceptionalcompanies?

AFocusonqualityandrevenue.

BManagementandsalespromotion.

CLowerproductioncostsandcompetitiveprices.

DEmphasisonafter-saleserviceandmaintenance.

60.Whatistheauthor'scommentonTheThreeRules?

AItcanhelptolocateprofitableniches.

BIthaslittletooffertobusinesspeople.

CItisnotedforitsdetaileddataanalysis.

DItfailstoidentifythekeystosuccess.

PassageTwo

Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Untilrecently,theUniversityofKentprideditselfonitsfriendlyimage.Notanymore.Overthe

pastfewmonthsithasbeenworkinghard.Withthehelpofmediaconsultants,toplaydownits

cosyreputationinfavourofsomethingmoreacademicandserious.

Kentisnotaloneinconsideringanimagerevamp（翻新）.Changestonextyear's

fundingregimeareforcinguniversitiestojustifychargingstudentsupto￡9.000infees.

Nowadaysuniversitiesareputtingmuchmoreofafocusontheirbrandsandwhattheirvalue

propositionsarc.Whileinthepastuniversitieshaveoftenfocusedonstudentsociallifeand

attractionsoftheuniversitytowninrecruitmentcampaigns,theyarcnowconcentratingonmore

tangible(實在的)attractions,suchasemploymentprospects,engagementwithindustry,and

lecturercontacthours,makingclearexactlywhatstudentsaregoingtogetfortheirmoney.

Theproblemfbruniversitiesisthatifthosebenefitsfailtomaterialize,studentsnotice.That

worriesRobBehrens,whodealswithstudentcomplaints.uUniversitiesneedtobeextremely

carefulindescribingwhat'sgoinglohappenlostudentsMhesays."Ascompetitionisgoingtoget

greaterforattractinggiftedstudents,thereisadangerthatuniversitieswillgotheextramile.w

Oneuniversitytoldprospectiveengineeringstudentstheywouldbeabletodesignacarand

raceitatBrandsHatch,whichneverhappened,hesays.Othershavepromiseduseofsophisticated

equipmentthatturnedouttobebrokenorunavailable."Ifuniversitiesspentasmuchmoneyon

handlingcomplaintsandappealsappropriatelyastheyspendonmarketing,theywoulddobetter

atkeepingstudents,andintheNationalStudentSurveyreturns,nhesays.

Ongoingresearch(rackingprospectivestudentssuggeststhat(heyarenotonlybecoming

moretimeresearchingevidencetobackupinstitutionalclaims.

Hencethegrowingimportanceofthestudentsurvey.FromnextSeptember.Allinstitutionswill

alsobeexpectedtopublishontheirwebsiteskeyinforma：ionsets,allowingeasiercomparison

betweeninstitution,betweenpromisesandreality,andthetypesofjobsandsalariesgraduatesgo

onto.

Asaresult,itishardlysurprisingthatuniversitiesarebeginningtochangethewaytheymarket

themselves.Whilethebestformofmarketingfbrinstitutionsistobegoodatwhattheydo,they

alsoneedtobeclearabouthowtheyarcdifferentfromothers.

Anditisvitalthatonceaninstitutionclaimstobeparticularlygoodatsomething,itmustlive

uptoit,themomentyoupositionyourself,youbecomeexposed,andifyoufailinthatyouarein

trouble.

61.WhatwastheUniversityofKentfamousFor?

AItscomfortablecampuslife.

BItsup-to-datecourseofferings.

CItsdistinguishedteachingstaff.

DItsdiverseacademicprograms.

62.Whatareuniversitiestryingtodotoattractstudents?

AImprovetheirlearningenvironment.

BUpgradetheircampusfacilities.

COffermorescholarshipstothegifted.

DPresentabetteracademicimage.

63.WhatdoesRobBehrenssuggestuniversitiesdoinmarketingthemselves?

APublicizetheachievementsoftheirgraduates.

BGotoextralengthstocatertostudents'needs.

CRefrainfrommakingpromisestheycannothonor.

DSurveytheexpectationsoftheirprospectivestudents.

64.Whatisstudents'chiefconsiderationinchoosingauniversity?

AWhetheritpromisesthebestjobprospects.

BWhetheritisabletodeliverwhattheywant.

CWhetheritrankshighamongsimilarinstitutions.

DWhetheritoffersopportunitiesforpracticaltraining.

65.Whatmustuniversitiesshow（owinrecruitmenlcampaigns?

ATheyarepositionedtomeetthefutureneedsofsociety.

BTheyareresponsibletostudentsfortheirgrowth.

CTheyareeverreadytoimprovethemselves.

DTheyareuniqueonewayoranother.

46.正確答案是D

統(tǒng)計：全站統(tǒng)計：本題共被作答538次，總正確率8%,最輕易被選錯的選項為C解

析：D段第二句提到，幾個月之前，作者寫了一篇有關(guān)心理學(xué)研究的文章，深入探討了愉

快對于人們來說到底意味著人們;接著最后一句提到作者在這篇文章中還專門探索了故意義

的生活與愉快的生活之間的區(qū)分。題干中的recent對應(yīng)原文中的afewmonthago;examined

howameaningfullifeisdifferentfromahappylife對應(yīng)原文中的exploredthedifference

betweenameaningfullifeandahappylife。筆記：

47.正確答案是N

統(tǒng)計：全站統(tǒng)計：本題共被作答538次，總正確率3%,最輕易被選錯的選項為B解

析：N段第一句提到，對于諸多人而言，人生的意義感和愉快感是相互重疊的；在衡量人

生愉快與意義的研究當(dāng)中，諸多人同時得高分（或同時得低分）。其中overlap（重疊）這個詞

表述出“同時擁有的”意思,由此可知題干中manypeoplefeeltheirlifeisbothhappyand

meaningful對應(yīng)原文中的formanypeople,asenseofmeaningandhappinessinlifeoverlap0筆

記：

48.正確答案是H

統(tǒng)計：全站統(tǒng)計：本題共被作答538次，總正確率5%,最輕易被選錯的選項為B解

析：H段最后一句提到，人們對“享樂幸福”或“愉快”的這些衡量措施越贊同，他們的

愉快指數(shù)就越高。由此可知，享樂幸福的衡量措施與愉快的高指數(shù)之間存在著緊密的聯(lián)系。

題干中的hedonicwell-beingmeasures對應(yīng)原文中的thesemeasuresoF'hedomic（享樂主義

的）well-being”;highscoresonhappiness對應(yīng)原文中的thehighertheyscoredonhappiness0筆

記：

49.正確答案是F

統(tǒng)計：全站統(tǒng)計：本題共被作答538次，總正確率5%,最輕易被選錯的選項為0解

析：F段最后一句提到，正如其中的研究人員羅伊?鮑邁斯特告訴我的：“作為人類，我們

的一部分天性就是要照顧他人并為他人做貢獻(xiàn)。這雖然會令生活變得故意義，但并不一定會

使我們愉快「羅伊?鮑邁斯特從事的研究是該段第一句提到的研究，即C段第一句提到的

剛才刊登在《美國國家科學(xué)院院刊》（簡稱PNAS）上的一項新研究，由此可知羅伊?納邁斯

也是新研究的作者之一。題干中whatmakeslifemeaningfulmaynotmakepeoplehappy對應(yīng)

原文中的Thismakeslifemeaningfulbutitdoesnotnecessarilymakeushappyo筆記：

50.正確答案是J

統(tǒng)計：全站統(tǒng)計：本題共被作答538次，總正確率4%,最輕易被選錯的選項為G解

析：J段最后一句提到，科爾和弗雷德里克松感興趣的是身體怎樣在基因的層面上對愉快

和意義的感受產(chǎn)生應(yīng)反。題干中ourbody'sgeneticexpressionoffeelingsofhappinessand

meaning對應(yīng)原文中的thebody,atthegeneticlevel,respondstofeelingsofhappinessand

meaning,,筆記：

51.正確答案是C

統(tǒng)計：全站統(tǒng)計：本題共被作答538次，總正確率7%,最輕易被選錯的選項為B解

析：C段第一句提到，剛才刊登在《美國國家科學(xué)院院刊》上的一項新研究對這一樂觀描

述發(fā)起了挑戰(zhàn)，及挑戰(zhàn)的是B段最后一句的觀點“Inductionsofwell-beingleadtohealthy

functioning,andinductionsofill-beingleadtocompromisechealth.v緊接著C段最后兩句詳細(xì)

解釋了該研究的觀點，愉快也許并不像研究人員因此為的那樣有利于身體健康，它甚至也許

對身體健康有害。筆記：

52.正確答案是E

統(tǒng)計：全站統(tǒng)計：本題共被作答539次，總正確率6%,最輕易被選錯的選項為I解

析：E段最后一句提到，研究人員在為期一個月的時間里，調(diào)查了大量的試樣人群，發(fā)覺

愉快與自私的“索取”行為有關(guān)，而人生意義感則與無私的“予以”行為有關(guān)。題干中的匕king

measuresforhappiness對應(yīng)原文中的happinessisassociatedwithselfish"taking"behavior;

givingaddsmeaningtolife對應(yīng)原文中的havingasenseofmeaninginlifeisassociatedwith

selfless"giving"behavioro筆記：

53.正確答案是R

統(tǒng)計：全站統(tǒng)計：本題共被作答538次，總正確率0%,最輕易被選錯的選項為0解

析：R段第三句提到，從該研究的證據(jù)來看，只有感覺良好似乎不夠；緊接著該段第四句

表白人們需要人生意義才能長壽。題干中的Evidencefromresearch對應(yīng)原文中的Fromthe

evidenceofthisstudy;ittakesmeaningforpeopletothrive對應(yīng)原文中的Peopleneedmeaning

tothriveo筆記：

54.正確答案是L

統(tǒng)計：全站統(tǒng)計：本題共被作答538次，總正確率4%,最輕易被選錯的選項為0解

析：L段第一句提到，科爾和弗雷德里克松發(fā)覺，感到愉快但只有極少或根本沒有人生意

義的人，與應(yīng)對并忍受長期逆境的人擁有相同的基因體現(xiàn)譜。題干中happypeoplewithlittle

ornosenseofmeaninginlife對應(yīng)原文中peoplewhoarehappybuthavelittletonosenseof

meaningintheirlives：sufferingfrom對應(yīng)原文中的enduring.筆記:

55.正確答案是B

統(tǒng)計：全站統(tǒng)計：本題共被作答538次，總正確率5%,最輕易被選錯的選項為A解

析：B段第一句提到，此類書籍的一貫主張之一是，愉快和所有的良好生活情況有關(guān)，其

中包括良好的健康情況，這也是最重要的一點。原文