題型二七選五目錄TOC\o"1-1"\h\u一、考情解讀 1二、命題分析預(yù)測 1三、聚焦核心素養(yǎng) 1四、析考情題型突破 1五、考法解題能力提升 7六、精選考點題型專練 8一、考情解讀1.七選五主要考查考生對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。其命題思路體現(xiàn)了新《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》"用英語獲取、處理和運(yùn)用信息的能力;逐步獲取用英語思維的能力"的理念。2.七選五側(cè)重考查考生以下幾個方面的語用能力:對文章脈絡(luò)層次的理解能力,對事實信息和情節(jié)發(fā)展的理解能力,對作者的寫作意圖、態(tài)度和觀點的理解能力等。二、命題分析預(yù)測1.題材以說明文為主,語篇模式較為固定,即Introduction(引出話題)—Body(對該話題從不同方面展開說明—Summary/Conclusion(結(jié)尾總結(jié))。文章選材與考生的日常學(xué)習(xí)、生活密切相關(guān)。2.命題形式包括闡釋句、細(xì)節(jié)支撐句、銜接過渡句、主旨概括句等,主要考查篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、行文邏輯、段落主旨和上下文的過渡銜接。三、聚焦核心素養(yǎng)七選五主要圍繞考生的語言能力、思維品質(zhì)和閱讀素養(yǎng)進(jìn)行考查,考查考生從宏觀角度整體把握語篇、深入理解文意的能力,側(cè)重對思辨能力的考查。四、析考情題型突破一考情概況該題型要求從短文后給出的七個選項(多數(shù)為完整的句子)中選出五個能填入空白處的最佳選項,主要考查考生對文章的整體理解以及對語篇結(jié)構(gòu)和行文邏輯的把握。選材通常以說明文為主,間或出現(xiàn)記敘文和議論文。所選短文的詞數(shù)約300(選項詞數(shù)為40—90)。空處可能在段首、段中或段末,也可能是段落標(biāo)題。近幾年,高考試題逐漸減少了對段落標(biāo)題的考查,使得試題的難度有所增加。但總的來說,試題難度適中,穩(wěn)中有變,突出考查考生的邏輯思維能力。研究近幾年試題可知,七選五要求考生不僅要具備語篇和詞匯知識,還要具備分析、歸納等能力。試題中主旨句一般考查1—2個,細(xì)節(jié)句1—3個,銜接過渡句1—2個。所選材料話題新穎,貼近考生生活,具有濃厚的時代氣息。二命題特點設(shè)空類型一般可分為細(xì)節(jié)句(上下文邏輯意義)、銜接過渡句(文章結(jié)構(gòu))和主旨概括句(主題句、段落標(biāo)題)三類:1.細(xì)節(jié)句通常出現(xiàn)在段中,考查的是段落內(nèi)部句子之間,特別是前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。2.銜接過渡句通常出現(xiàn)在首段的結(jié)尾或段落中間。3.主旨概括句的設(shè)空位置一般在段首,對段落主題句進(jìn)行考查。有時也會考查文章主旨句,文章主旨句往往概括了全文的大意。三解題步驟1.通讀全文,掌握大意,初識廬山真面目在閱讀過程中,要注意文章的首段與末段,尤其是文章的首段末句及末段末句,因為"開門見山"與"結(jié)尾總結(jié)"的寫作方式較為常見。首段的末句通常是主題句,引出本文將探討的內(nèi)容,并簡要點明文章的寫作思路。首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義,如果它是文章的主題句,就能讓讀者迅速明確文章情節(jié)將如何展開,并對文章的寫作主題有整體的了解。如果首段的末句不是主題句,則要繼續(xù)尋找。這時,我們可以考慮文章的寫作方式可能是"結(jié)尾總結(jié)"式,如兩者均可排除,則可以在文章其他段落中尋找主題句,但要注意首段與末段的提示作用。2.詳讀段落,敲定關(guān)鍵詞,把握段落主旨文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。各段落會圍繞整篇文章的寫作主題來展開,對文章主題進(jìn)行不同方面的描述。找出各個小段落中的關(guān)鍵詞,明確其描述內(nèi)容,為解答段落主旨類試題做好鋪墊。3.利用寫作線索,分析上下文語境,敲定選項在定位選項時,要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內(nèi)容以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。將所選的選項放入空格處,看看是否與上下文構(gòu)成語意及邏輯上的直接關(guān)系,是否符合該處語境,能否承接前后的寫作線索,使文章無論在內(nèi)容還是銜接上都能通順。一篇文章作為一個整體,是有其寫作的線索與思路的。文章的寫作線索與思路的連貫使文章的每個段落、每個句子甚至每個短語均融為一體,因此在定位選項時,尤其要注意文章的寫作線索與思路。如果放入選項后,發(fā)現(xiàn)文章寫作線索中斷或是前后矛盾,應(yīng)更換其他選項。4.代入已敲定選項,通讀復(fù)檢,確定答案在完成選項定位后,應(yīng)通讀全文,檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整,語意是否連貫、合理,各段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題,語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否連貫、是否具有一致性并合乎邏輯,寫作思路是否清晰明了,格式以及用語是否恰當(dāng)貼切,從而判斷選擇的選項是否正確。同時,考生還應(yīng)對相近選項進(jìn)行對比分析,個別干擾項由于與某個正確選項的內(nèi)容相近而具有很強(qiáng)的干擾性,這時考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析、仔細(xì)甄別、排除干擾,從而選出正確答案。Passage1AFewTipsforSelf-AcceptanceWeallwantit...toacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.36Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.

●37Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetter幻燈片14thantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.

●Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.38Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate(有同情心)response?"Thatdidn'tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest."

●Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.39

●Nowthatyou'velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon'tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.40Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?

A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?命題分析?素養(yǎng)解讀本文主要介紹了學(xué)會自我接納的四個建議,倡導(dǎo)自尊自信、樂觀向上的人生態(tài)度,有助于考生認(rèn)識自我、豐富自我、完善自我,成為全面發(fā)展的具有高素質(zhì)的公民。?試題分析挖空設(shè)置既有過渡句、主旨句,又有細(xì)節(jié)句,設(shè)計合理,分布均勻。選項設(shè)置沒有半句。庖丁解牛?重難詞匯empowervt.增加(某人的)自主權(quán);授權(quán)imperfectionn.缺點;瑕疵?詞塊積累ahandfulof少數(shù),幾個beashamedof因……感到羞愧timeandtimeagain一再,總是getcaughtupin陷入;被卷入asplanned按照計劃?難句突破句式分析:句中含有ratherthan(而不是)短語,介詞in之后是how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。句意:與其糾結(jié)于你本可以怎樣做得更好,為什么不給自己一個富有同情心的回應(yīng)呢?解題思路36.B考查過渡句。由空前內(nèi)容可知我們都想接受并愛自己,但有時似乎太困難,太遙不可及?？蘸笠痪?Here'sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection"表示下文是介紹了一些方法,由此可知,B項"你從哪里開始呢"是對前句提出問題,并過渡到下文提供四個解決問題的辦法,符合邏輯。37.F考查主旨句。作者在本段提出不要效仿他人,因為"yourlifeisbetterthantheirs""yourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld",由此可知,F項(停止與他人作比較)符合語境。38.D考查細(xì)節(jié)句。由本段第一句可知,本段講的是原諒自己所犯的錯。由空后一句"你會一次又一次地犯錯"可知,空處應(yīng)是為犯錯誤作出的解釋,故D項(記住,你只是人)符合語境。39.C考查細(xì)節(jié)句。本段主要講要認(rèn)識到自己的優(yōu)點并列舉出自己的成就。由空前一句"Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday"可知,再小的事也應(yīng)慶祝,C項中的"small"和"celebrate"分別對應(yīng)空前的"gotoutofbedtoday"和"accomplishmentsandachievements"。故選C。40.A考查過渡句。根據(jù)空前的"listyourimperfections""readthesewordsbacktoyourself",再結(jié)合空后內(nèi)容可知,閱讀描寫自己缺點的詞會使自己感到沮喪,故A項符合語境。Passage2IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto"gooutandgetsomefreshair."36Accordingtorecentstudies,theanswerisabigYES,iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.

37Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors,yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply,allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.

Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情緒).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.40Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.

A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.命題分析?素養(yǎng)解讀本文介紹了呼吸新鮮空氣,接近大自然有益身心健康,將健康觀念和意識傳遞給考生,引導(dǎo)考生健康生活。該語篇結(jié)構(gòu)性較強(qiáng),主要考查考生分析和把握語篇上下文邏輯關(guān)系和意義的能力,很好地考查了考生的語言能力和思維品質(zhì)。?試題新變化選項設(shè)置沒有沿襲2018年全國Ⅰ"三個半句+四個整句"的模式,而是回歸七個整句的設(shè)題模式,打破了人們的猜題定式。庖丁解牛?熟詞生義age常見義:n.年齡;時代本文義:v.使變老?詞塊積累turnout結(jié)果是,證明是putsb.intoabettermood使某人的情緒好轉(zhuǎn)?難句突破句式分析:句首為If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,第二個if引導(dǎo)的從句在which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作條件狀語。主句為"thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving,energizingoxygen"。句意:如果你遠(yuǎn)離城市的霧霾,你呼吸的空氣就會是清新的,空氣里滿是賦予生命的、使人充滿活力的氧氣。解題思路36.E考查過渡句。上句提到人們告訴我們出去呼吸一些新鮮空氣,下句中的關(guān)鍵信息"theanswerisabigYES"是對某個問題作出的回答,由此可判斷空處應(yīng)是一個一般疑問句,故E項"Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?"符合語境。37.A考查主旨句。通讀此段可知,呼吸清新的室外空氣使身體受益。因此A項"新鮮空氣清潔我們的肺"符合語境。38.G考查細(xì)節(jié)句。上句提到人們已經(jīng)開始研究自然界和治愈之間的聯(lián)系,G項"在全國范圍內(nèi),康復(fù)中心已經(jīng)開始建設(shè)康復(fù)花園"是對上句的延伸,且下句中的"theseplaces"指代的就是G項中的"HealingGardens"。我們可以根據(jù)意義和詞語指代這兩個方面來解此題。39.C考查細(xì)節(jié)句。前文提到"Greeneryisgoodforus",C項解釋了綠色植物對人有益,且與下句"Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace"在意思上銜接。40.D考查主旨句。本段陳述了陽光對人體的好處,因此段落主題句應(yīng)為D項"呼吸新鮮空氣的另一個附帶好處是陽光"。五、考法解題能力提升考法1考查篇章結(jié)構(gòu)命題透視近年的高考命題已經(jīng)由"知識立意""能力立意"轉(zhuǎn)向"素養(yǎng)立意"。高考不僅考查考生的語言能力,而且考查考生的交際素養(yǎng)、學(xué)習(xí)能力和思辨能力。把握篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和整體理解語篇是抓住文章主旨大意的重要方法,因此命題人把考查考生對篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力作為重要的命題方向。方法點撥不同的英語文體有著不同的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、寫作目的和語言特點。掌握各種英語文體的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)特點是解題的常用方法。高考閱讀理解七選五通常為說明文,其常見篇章結(jié)構(gòu)有"總—分"和"總—分—總"兩種形式。無論哪種形式,一般第一部分為導(dǎo)語段,旨在把讀者的注意力引到即將討論的話題上,第一段通常含有主題句,暗示下文的內(nèi)容;第二部分作者從不同方面對某個問題展開論述;第三部分是結(jié)論段,針對前文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),或得出結(jié)論。在解題過程中,考生如果認(rèn)真閱讀短文,把握篇章結(jié)構(gòu),找到段落之間的關(guān)系,就能鎖定解題的關(guān)鍵線索,從而順利選出答案?？挤?考查上下文的邏輯命題透視閱讀理解七選五的命題點除了關(guān)注語篇層面,還重點關(guān)注段內(nèi)層次,即句際關(guān)系,這些句際關(guān)系是語意連貫不可或缺的邏輯關(guān)系。上下文的邏輯關(guān)系是歷年閱讀理解七選五試題的必考點,也是廣大考生掌握不好、容易丟分的地方,因此應(yīng)認(rèn)真對待。方法點撥一般來說,英語文章的邏輯性非常強(qiáng)。邏輯連接詞在文中起著輔助篇章銜接與連貫的重要作用,能表明句子之間、段落之間邏輯關(guān)系的銜接性詞語有以下幾種:因果關(guān)系:so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等。條件關(guān)系:as/solongas,onconditionthat,if,unless等。并列關(guān)系:and,or,also,aswellas,both...and...等。順序關(guān)系:first(ly),second(ly),third(ly)...;first,next,then...;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace...等。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:however,nevertheless,still,though,yet,otherwise等。對比關(guān)系:onthecontrary,bycontrast,in/bycomparison,conversely等。層遞關(guān)系:also,further,furthermore,even,besides,moreover,inaddition,what'smore等。列舉關(guān)系:forexample,forinstance等?？忌诮忸}過程中抓住這些邏輯關(guān)系線索詞,就能掌握解題的關(guān)鍵線索,從而順利選出答案。考法3考查行文的連貫性命題透視隨著英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)在教學(xué)中的逐步落實,高考試題逐步加大對考生思維品質(zhì)的考查力度。對閱讀理解七選五試題來說,主要考查語篇的銜接和連貫性,命題人通常從語法角度(如替代)、詞匯角度(如復(fù)現(xiàn))、語篇的語義關(guān)聯(lián)角度等進(jìn)行命題。方法點撥為了使行文連貫和流暢,作者通常使用不同的銜接手段,例如:詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接和結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。一般來說,閱讀理解七選五中的正確選項與文中空白處的前后句存在著詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系,它們之間的語義銜接關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)、上下義詞、并列句和對比句等。解題時,我們應(yīng)從關(guān)注語言的連貫性、詞匯銜接和結(jié)構(gòu)銜接入手,從而找到突破口。六、精選考點題型專練Passage1Areyouanangrybird?Whenyou’reangry,yourbodybecomestense.1Herearesomeothersimpletrickstochilloutandthinkwhenyougetangry.

2Thinklikeadetectiveandtrackdowncluestothekindsofsituations,people,andeventsthatsetoffyouranger.Onceyou’reawareofthem,trytoavoidthemifpossible.Evenifyoucan’tgetawayfromthem,atleastyou’llhavemoretimetoprepareforthemsotheydon’taffectyousonegatively.Youcanalsothinkofthesituationasanopportunitytopracticenotgettingmad.

Goforawalk.Whenyougetreallyangry,walkawayfromthesource.A5-minutewalkoutsideoranothercalmingactivitylikeyogacanbebothgreatstrategiesfordealingwithanger.Ifyourangerarisesfromthetrafficjamyou’restuckin,turnuptheradioandsingatthetopofyourvoice.3

Writeletters.4Soifyou’retryingtocalmdownfast,grabyourjournalandwriteyourfeelingsallout.Youcansimplywriteyourownfeelingsortrywritingalettertothepersonwhoupsetsyou.Youneverhavetosenditandjustwritingitwillhelpyoufeelbetter.

Talkaboutyouranger.It’snotjustwritingthathelpsrelieveanger.5Thetrickisnottounloadyourangeronthepersonmakingyouupsetbuttoreleaseyourpressurebytalkingwithaneutral(中立的)friend,familymember,orspecialist.Aneutralobservercanbringreasonablejudgmenttothesituation.Youcaneventrytalkingoutloudtoyourselfaboutit.

Nowthatyou’velearnedhowtokeepyourangerincheck,trysomeoftheselittlechangesthatwillmakeyouahappierperson.A.Controlyourtemper.B.Understandyouranger.C.Expressingitorallycanalsocalmyoudowngreatly.D.Writingoutyourfeelingsreallydoeshelpyoufeelbetter.E.Theideaistocreateamentalorphysicalescapefromthesituation.F.Deepbreathingisjustoneofthewaysyoucaninstantlyturnabadmoodaround.G.Exercisecanhelppeoplelowertheirlevelsofangerandothernegativeemotions.Passage2Beingabletocommunicateeffectivelywithothersisanessentialskillforpeopleofallages.1Peoplewhowanttodevelopthoseskillscanlearnhowtodothisfromself-helpbooks,workshops,andtheadviceofotherpeople.

2Activelisteninginvolvesapersonlisteningcarefullyandattentivelytothepersonspeaking,restatingwhattheotherpersonhassaid—orwhatcomesacross—inabriefandnonjudgmentalmanner.3Becomingeffectiveatactivelisteningisonewaytoincreasetrustandunderstandinginarelationship,whetheritisapersonalorprofessionalone.

Anothertipfordevelopingandimprovinginterpersonalcommunicationskillsistousefeedbackondifferenttypesofcommunication.Beforegivingspeechesandpresentations,itisalwayswelladvisedtopracticethembeforeanaudienceandtoaskforfeedbackbeforegivingtherealspeechorpresentation.4

Itisalsoessentialindevelopingcommunicationskillstouseappropriatebodylanguageandeyecontact.5Forexample,usingdirecteyecontactandbodylanguagethatindicatesopenness,suchasuncrossedarms,canhelptogetacrossthatapersonisreadyandwillingtolistenandtospeakopenly.

A.Itisessentialtolearnhowtocommunicatepolitely.B.Thesenonverbalsignalscanconveythetruefeelings.C.Mostpeoplecanbenefitfromimprovingtheircommunicationskills.D.Practicingactivelisteningdoesn’tmeanpeoplehavetoemployitcontinuously.E.Thiskindoflisteningfocusesmoreonunderstandingthanongivingadvice.F.Bydoingso,wecanensurethemessagesareeasilyunderstoodandcomeacrossasintended.G.Oneofthebesttipsfordevelopingcommunicationskillsistolearnandpracticeeffectivelistening.Passage3TipsonLearningaNewLanguageBeforeTravellingWheneveryoutraveltoaforeignplace,itishelpfultoknowabitofthelocallanguage.1Butspeakingthelocallanguageshowsyoucareanditwillhelpyoumixwiththelocalseasily.Tolearnalanguage,youdonothavetotakefull-timeclasses.Youcanfollowsomeofthetipstopickupsomebasicsquicklybeforethattrip.

Practise.Themoreyoustudythelanguage,thebetter.2Thinkofitaslearninganinstrumentortrainingforamarathon.Theamountoftimeyou’llneeddependsonthelanguageyou’relearning,howoftenyoupractiseandyourlearningstyle.

3Onegoodwaytopractiseistousethelanguageyou’relearning.Andwhoisbettertospeakalanguagewiththananativespeakerwhocantrainyoubetterandcorrectyourmistakes?FindoneontheInternetorinreallifeandstrikeupaconversationwithhimorher.Therearesomefreelanguageexchangewebsiteswhereyoucanfindnativespeakerstopractisewith.4

Downloadalanguageapp.Yourappstoreoffersalargenumberofoptionsforlanguagelearning.AppslikeDuolingoorHiNativecanhelpyoutolearnlanguagesquickly.5Buttheyarenotnecessarilythebestchoiceifyou’reshortoftimeandtryingtomasterthebasics.Theycanalsohelpalotwhenyou’restrugglingtocommunicatewhileonvacation.

A.Speaktonativespeakers.B.Constantlyusethelanguage.C.Youcanalsofindaprivateclasstoattend.D.Tripscanhelpmaketheprocessfunandeasy.E.Learningalanguagedoesn’thappenovernight.F.Thoseappscanhelpyoulearnthelanguageeffectively.G.Youmaynotknowhowtopronouncethewordscorrectly.Passage4TheValueofHonestyAccordingtoacommonsaying,"Honestyisthebestpolicy."1Lyingoftenseemslikeagoodwaytoimpresspeopleoravoidblameformistakes.Somepeoplelieoutofhabit,withoutevenrealizingthey’redoingit.Butdespiteallthese,honestyisreallyworththeeffort.

2There’salwaysachancethatthepersonyouliedtowillfindoutthetruth.Isthegainfromlyingreallyworththerisk?Liesarealsodifficulttohidebecausetheyarehardertorememberthanthetruth.Ifyoumakeupastory,youhavetorememberallthedetails.3Butifyoucommittotellingthetruth,youwillneverhavetroubleremembering.Thissavesyoueffortandmakesconversationslessstressfulforyou.

Anotherobviousreasonforavoidinglyingisthatlyingcanharmothers.4Andalieaboutsomeoneelsecoulddestroythatperson’sreputation.Onapersonallevel,ifyourfriendsfindoutyouliedtothem,theirfeelingswillbehurt.

Ontheotherhand,ifyoualwaystellthetruth,youwilldevelopareputationforhonesty.5Businessdeals,friendshipsandfamilyrelationshipsalldependontrust.

Honesty,however,doesn’tmeanthatyouhavetosayeverythingyouthink.Sometimesit’sbesttoremainsilentifyourwordsmighthurtsomeoneelse.Honestymeansthatwhenyouspeak,youtellthetruthwithoutholdinganyinformationback.Whenyoudothat,youwillfeelmorerelaxedandenjoystrongerrelationships.A.Behonestbecauseyouloveyourself.B.Butindailylife,honestycanbedifficult.C.Thiswillhelpyouineveryareaofyourlife.D.Whenyou’rehonest,youdon’tfeelsolostallthetime.E.Oneobviousreasonforhonestyisthatitisdifficulttokeeplying.F.Andthemoreliesyoutell,themorestoriesyouhavetoremember.G.Peoplewhobelieveyourliesmightmakebaddecisionsbecauseofthem.Passage5Wereyoutogiveapresentationwithnofacialexpressionandnobodylanguage,whatdoyouthinkthereactionofyouraudiencewouldbe?1youarenotsupposedtoexpectyourlistenerstoenjoyyourperformance.

2Itisthatifyoutreatyouraudienceasifyouwereinaconversation,theirreactiontoyouwillbepositive.Asaconsequence,ifyousmile,theywillsmile.Itisagiven(假設(shè)事實).

3Theywillfeelmoreintunewiththosethatdirectlyreachouttothemandholdtheirhands,guidethem,sharetheirexperienceandinvolvementwithsomething,andmakethemfeelthatthey’retheonlypeoplethatthosepeoplearetalkingtoatthatgiventime.

Howcanyoumakeyouraudienceagreewithyou?4Yourroleasaspeakeristocreatetrustandhonestynotjustwithyourwordsbutinthewayyoudeliverthosewords.Itisimportanttorecognizethatwhenyouhaveawonderfulmessagetosharewithyouraudience,unlesstheybelieveinyou,thenyourwordsareuseless.Thedesireofyouraudiencetoagreewithyoucanonlyoccurwhentheybelieveinyou.

Thisiswhathappenswhenyouareopeninguptoyouraudiencehonestly.Theyaregettingtoknowyouonacertainlevel.5Thepeoplewhowantyoutosolvetheirproblemsmustfirsttrustinyourabilityandcredibility.

A.Ifyouarenotacomedian,B.Mostaudiencesliketouchpoints.C.Howcanyoustartaconversation?D.Whatisamazingaboutgoodpublicspeaking?E.Eventhoughyoucanbesuccessfulasaspeaker,F.Whileyouaredoingso,youarebuildingtheirtrustinyou.G.Yourtoneofthepresentationsetsthestageforareactionofyouraudience.Passage6Formanyofus,nothingisbetterthanburyingourheadinagoodbook.Whetherit’sacrimestoryorabiographyofsomeone’samazinglife,it’sgoodtoreadabooktoswitchofffromthedistractionsofeverydaylife.1Itcanbeeducationalandbroadenthemind.Agoodnovelcanmakeushappy,ormakeuscryaswesympathizewithcharacters.Alistofbooksabout"bibliotherapy"canbeofferedtopatients.2It’sbecomesosuccessfulthatit’sabouttobeextendedtochildrenaswell.

ProfessorPhilipDavis,authorofabookcalledReadingforLife,studiedpeopleinreadinggroupsandfoundthatit’sreadingliterature—writtenworksthoughttohaveartisticvalue—thathasthebesteffect.HetoldtheBBCthatwhenreadingsomethingforpleasure,"...thebrainbeginstoworkfromdifferentparts,anditgetsexcitedandemotional.3"

Ofcourse,it’seasyforoursmartphonegenerationtoabandonagoodbookandplaywithourphonesinstead.Butopeningupapaperbackcouldbeasimplewaytohelpmaintainourmentalhealth.4Anditmayallowyoutoseethatawkwardsituationyou’vebeenanxiousaboutforweeksfromsomeoneelse’spointofview.

5Ifthebooklistdoesn’tappeal,youcouldreadbookreviews,visitalibraryorbookshop,oraskafriend.Onceyou’vefoundtherighttext,you’llbefascinated!

A.Youcanseethebraincomingtolife.B.Andyoucouldalwaysuseane-reader.C.Youcanlendittofriendsandforgetwhatyoudid.D.Itmayseemobviousthatreadingisgoodforus.E.It’sthoughtthatitcanhelpyousettargetsandfindfocus.F.Readingbooksisactuallybeingidentifiedasatreatmenttosickness.G.Ifyou’renotaconcernedreader,itcanbehardtoknowwheretobegin.Passage7Manypeoplebelievethatthereissometruthinthesaying"Laughteristhebestmedicine."1Laughterhelpsrelievepain,strengthentheimmunesystemandreducestress.Laughterstimulates(刺激)hormoneswhichmakeusfeelhappy.Laughteralsoincreasestheflowofbloodthroughoutthebodyandhasbenefitswhicharesimilartotheonesyougetbydoingexercise.

2Childrenexposedtofunnyfilmsandcartoonsbeforemajormedicalproceduresareabletocopebetterwithpainandanxiety.3Theseareprofessionalclownswhoaresenttohospitalsandwardstoentertainanddistractsickchildren.

Laughtertherapyhasbecomeverypopularinrecentyearsandasaresult,moreandmorelaughterclubsarestartingtoopenupincitiesandtownsallovertheworld.Atalaughtersession,atrainedtherapistinstructsthegrouptoperformaseriesofexerciseswhicharedesignedtoproducelaughter.4Andittakesthemsometimetogetridoftheirinhibitions(拘謹(jǐn)).Theymightevenstartoffwithfakelaughter,butthisdoesn’tmatterbecauseourbodiescan’ttellthedifference,andtheresultsarethesame.Moreover,laughteriscontagious(有感染力的).5

Sonexttimeyoufeelill,stressedoutordepressed,trywatchingafunnyfilmortryrememberinganamusingincidentinyourlife.Youwillsoonfeelbetter.A.Ifonepersonstartsgiggling,itisunavoidablethateveryoneelsewillbedrawnin.B.Laughterhelpsyoufocus.C.Thisfindinghasledtoso-calledclowndoctors.D.Infact,researchdonebyscientistshasshownthatlaughterhasalotofhealthbenefits.E.Laughtermakestheworldabetterandmorecolorfulplace.F.Somepeoplemayfindtheideaembarrassingatfirst.G.Usinglaughtertherapyinchildren’shospitalshasproventobeinvaluable.Passage8Weallagreethatweshouldrecyclethingsmoreathome,intheofficeorinotherplaces.1Consequently,theycanbecollectedandtakentotherightplaceforrecycling.Thisiswhattheprocessofsortingallowsustodo.

2Andtheeffectivesortingneedstohappenfirstinourownhome,andsecondinsortingplantswherewasteiscollected.Whenyouputaplasticbottleintherightrecyclingbagorbin,youhelpsortrecyclablethingssothattherightmaterialcanbefedintotherightrecyclingprocess.Ifsortingdoesnothappen,alotofrecyclablematerialscanendupinlandfills(廢物填埋地).Itwillleadtothelossofresources.

3Forinstance,inBrusselsconsumersputplasticpackaging,cansandbeveragecartonsinbluebagsdesignedforrecyclablepackaging;paperinyellowbagsforrecycling;andglassinspecificcollectionbins.Somewhatdifferently,inVienna(Austria),citizenscanexpecttheirpaper,metal,glassandplastictobeseparatelycollectedindifferentweeks.4

Oncerecyclablematerialsarecollectedfromyourhome,theyarefurthersortedinspecialisedfacilitieswhichensurethequalityoftherecyclingprocess.5Traditionally,sortinghasbeendoneeithermanuallywithworkerssortingwhatcanberecycledandpickingoutthematerialstobediscardedormechanically.Today,newsortingtechnologiesarebeingdevelopednotonlytospeeduptheprocessofsortingbutalsotocausebetterresults.Excitingtechnologiesusingmagnets(磁鐵)oropticalsystemsarebeingusedtoeffectivelysortmaterialssomoreofthemcanberecycled.

A.Foreffectiverecyclingweneedeffectivesorting.B.Packagingisthefirststeptowardsrecycling.C.Thisiswheredifferentsortingtechniquescomeintoplay.D.Socitizensneedtobeawareoftheirlocalcollectionsystem.E.Collectionsystemscanbeverydifferentfromcountrytocountry.F.Therestwereburiedorburnedeventhoughtheycouldhavebeenrecycledorreused.G.Butformaterialstoberecycled,theyfirstneedtofindtheirwaytotherightwastebin.Passage9Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.36Anditisagoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefullypresents.

37Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstoreorstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn’taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.

38Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.39

Housewarmingpartiesgettheirnamefromthefactthatalongtimeagopeoplewouldactuallybringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift.40Nowmosthomeshavecentralheatinganddon’tusefirestokeepwarm.

A.Thisisn’tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.Passage10Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.16Doyouwanttobeagoodpublicspeaker?Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.

Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting,relaxedandcomfortable.Toooften,whenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe"public"attheexpenseofthe"speaking".17Focusonthespeaking.Talkdirectlytoyouraudience,beyourselfandmakeaconnection.

Eventhemostsuccessfulpublicspeakerwillmakemistakes.Yet,theonlyonewhocaresaboutanymistakeistheonewhoisspeaking.People’sattentionwandersconstantly.Infact,mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker’smessage.So,don’tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunlessit’satrulyseriousone.18

Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.19Andlikeeverythingelseinlife,thattakespractice.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.

20It’sraretohearsomeonesay,"Iwishthatspeakerhadspokenlonger."Ontheotherhand,youprobablycan’tcountthetimesthatyou’vethought,"I’mgladthattalkisover.Itseemedtogoonforever!"Sosurpriseyouraudience.Alwaysmakeyourpresentationjustabitshorterthananticipated.It’sbettertoleaveyourlistenerswishingformorethanshiftingrestlesslyintheirseatswaitingforyourspeechfinallytoend.

A.Dotheopposite.B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C.Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.E.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.F.Takethefearoutofpublic