五年（2021-2025）高考真題分類匯編PAGEPAGE1專題12閱讀理解七選五(北京專用)五年考情（2021-2025）命題趨勢(shì)年份體裁詞數(shù)設(shè)題位置主題語(yǔ)境話題段首段中段尾2025議論文269+87032人與自我成年人的定義及其特質(zhì)題材聚焦前沿議題，題型設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)化篇章結(jié)構(gòu)分析，設(shè)空以段中句為主，側(cè)重邏輯關(guān)系考查，凸顯批判性思維與社會(huì)責(zé)任感。干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)更隱蔽，強(qiáng)調(diào)速覽全文定骨架、瞻前顧后找銜接。2024說(shuō)明文281+82140人與社會(huì)“刺猬”型和“狐貍”型思維2023說(shuō)明文255+83122人與自然選擇高校的建議2022說(shuō)明文225+81140人與自我健康和健身2021說(shuō)明文275+102230人與社會(huì)音樂(lè)對(duì)身體的好處(2025·北京·高考)Whatisadulthood?Societiesallovertheworldviewtheconceptofanadultasself-supportingandself-directed,becauseitidentifiesapointinthelifecycle.AsAliceBlackpointsout,today’sparents’fearoflettingkidsdomorehouseworkhasaddedtotheirinabilitytofeelcompetentand,thus,confidentinthemselves.PsychologistRobertTurnerwroteaboutthisinhisbook,TheLifeCycle,mentioningastagewhenkidslearnself-directionandmastery.____35____ButTurner’sothercyclesarejustasimportant.____36____Iftheselifecyclesaredelayed,interrupted,ordenied,youfeelincapableofaccessingyourstatesofself,controllingunpleasantfeelings,andmanipulating(操控)theenergythatputstogetherthefabricofyourinnerworld.Turnerwiselysaidthat“doingwell”psychologicallyisbeingabletorollwiththeflowofemotions,managethem,communicateclearlyandwellwithothers,andmastervariousskills.Thisrequiresaninternallocus(核心)ofcontrol,whichimpliesself-controlofyourthoughts,feelings,andactions.____37____You’reself-directedandnotreliantontheworldtotellyouwhoyouare.Andyouknowwhoyouarewithinallthis.So,beinganadultisn’tjustholdingajob.Beinganadultisabouthavingarootedsenseofselfwhilebeingcapableofidentifyingandmanagingyouremotionsandactions.____38____Weareasocialspecies,sothisisimportant.Whileraisinganadultisaparent’sjob,it’salsoourresponsibilityasasocietytoensurethatwesupportschoolsthatnurture(培養(yǎng))emotionalandidentitydevelopment.____39____A.It’salsoourjobtosupportadultswhoneedhelprepairingincompletelifecycles.B.Theytalkaboutsomeone’sinabilitytosupportthemselvesthroughwork.C.It’sbeingabletoshowunderstandingwhencommunicatingwithothers.D.Inotherwords,you’replayingthegameoflife—lifeisn’tplayingyou.E.Theyteachemotionalawarenessandmanagementaswellasidentity.F.Youfeellikean18-yearold,especiallywhenplaying80smusic.G.Whenthisstageisdenieditcreatesasenseofinsecurity.【答案】35.G36.E37.D38.C39.A【主題】本文是一篇議論文，文章主要探討了成年人的定義及其所需具備的特質(zhì)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了社會(huì)在培養(yǎng)成年人方面的責(zé)任。35.【解析】由上文“AsAliceBlackpointsout,today’sparents’fearoflettingkidsdomorehouseworkhasaddedtotheirinabilitytofeelcompetentand,thus,confidentinthemselves.PsychologistRobertTurnerwroteaboutthisinhisbook,TheLifeCycle,mentioningastagewhenkidslearnself-directionandmastery.(正如AliceBlack所指出的，如今父母害怕讓孩子做更多家務(wù)，這加劇了孩子們無(wú)法感受到自身的能力，進(jìn)而也導(dǎo)致他們對(duì)自己缺乏自信。心理學(xué)家RobertTurner在他的著作《生命周期》中提到了這一點(diǎn)，他提到了孩子們學(xué)習(xí)自我指導(dǎo)和掌握技能的階段。)”可知，本空應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)階段的重要性或缺失這個(gè)階段會(huì)帶來(lái)什么影響。G選項(xiàng)“Whenthisstageisdenieditcreatesasenseofinsecurity.(當(dāng)這個(gè)階段被剝奪時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種不安全感。)”符合題意，承接上文，說(shuō)明了這個(gè)階段被剝奪的后果。故選G。36.【解析】由上文“ButTurner’sothercyclesarejustasimportant.(但Turner的其他周期也同樣重要。)”以及下文“Iftheselifecyclesaredelayed,interrupted,ordenied,youfeelincapableofaccessingyourstatesofself,controllingunpleasantfeelings,andmanipulating(操控)theenergythatputstogetherthefabricofyourinnerworld.(如果這些生命周期被延遲、中斷或拒絕，你會(huì)覺(jué)得自己無(wú)法進(jìn)入自我狀態(tài)，無(wú)法控制不愉快的情緒，也無(wú)法操控構(gòu)成你內(nèi)心世界結(jié)構(gòu)的能量。)”可知，本空應(yīng)解釋它們的重要性體現(xiàn)在哪里。E選項(xiàng)“Theyteachemotionalawarenessandmanagementaswellasidentity.(它們教授情感意識(shí)和管理以及身份認(rèn)同。)”能承上啟下，符合題意。故選E。37.【解析】由上文“Turnerwiselysaidthat“doingwell”psychologicallyisbeingabletorollwiththeflowofemotions,managethem,communicateclearlyandwellwithothers,andmastervariousskills.Thisrequiresaninternallocus(核心)ofcontrol,whichimpliesself-controlofyourthoughts,feelings,andactions.(Turner明智地指出，從心理上講，“做得好”就是能夠順應(yīng)情緒的流動(dòng)，管理它們，與他人清晰而良好地溝通，并掌握各種技能。這需要一個(gè)內(nèi)部的控制點(diǎn)，這意味著對(duì)自己的思想、情感和行動(dòng)進(jìn)行自我控制。)”可知，本空應(yīng)進(jìn)一步解釋這種內(nèi)部控制點(diǎn)或自我控制的意義。D選項(xiàng)“Inotherwords,you’replayingthegameoflife—lifeisn’tplayingyou.(換句話說(shuō)，你是在玩人生的游戲——而不是人生在玩你。)”能承接上文，符合題意，用比喻的方式解釋了內(nèi)部控制點(diǎn)的意義，即你能夠掌控自己的人生，而不是被人生所掌控。故選D。38.【解析】由上文“So,beinganadultisn’tjustholdingajob.Beinganadultisabouthavingarootedsenseofselfwhilebeingcapableofidentifyingandmanagingyouremotionsandactions.(所以，成為一個(gè)成年人不僅僅是擁有一份工作。成為一個(gè)成年人意味著擁有一種根深蒂固的自我意識(shí)，同時(shí)能夠識(shí)別和管理自己的情緒和行動(dòng)。)”可知，本空應(yīng)進(jìn)一步描述成年人的其他特質(zhì)或能力。C選項(xiàng)“It’sbeingabletoshowunderstandingwhencommunicatingwithothers.(它是在與他人交流時(shí)能夠表現(xiàn)出理解。)”能承接上文，符合題意，補(bǔ)充了成年人在與他人交流時(shí)應(yīng)具備的能力，即表現(xiàn)出理解。故選C。39.【解析】由上文“Whileraisinganadultisaparent’sjob,it’salsoourresponsibilityasasocietytoensurethatwesupportschoolsthatnurture(培養(yǎng))emotionalandidentitydevelopment.(雖然培養(yǎng)一個(gè)成年人是父母的工作，但作為社會(huì)，我們也有責(zé)任確保我們支持那些培養(yǎng)情感和身份發(fā)展的學(xué)校。)”可知，本空應(yīng)進(jìn)一步描述社會(huì)在培養(yǎng)成年人方面的其他責(zé)任。A選項(xiàng)“It’salsoourjobtosupportadultswhoneedhelprepairingincompletelifecycles.(支持那些需要幫助修復(fù)不完整生命周期的成年人也是我們的工作。)”能承接上文，符合題意，補(bǔ)充了社會(huì)在培養(yǎng)成年人方面的另一項(xiàng)責(zé)任，即支持那些需要幫助修復(fù)不完整生命周期的成年人。故選A。(2024·北京·高考)Ifyouwanttodevelopmaximumcredibility(可信性),isitbettertobeahedgehog(刺猬)orafox?AccordingtoIsaiahBerlin,thehedgehogknowsonethingverywell,andthefoxknowsalotofthings.Isthereaclearadvantageofonestyleovertheother?Hedgehogthinkerstendtoansweryes.___35___Andtheyareusuallyverycredibleindoingso.AccordingtoJimHart,the“hedgehogconcept”isoneofthefactorsthatleadcompaniestogreatness.Theyfocusononethinganddoitreallywell.Theyfigureoutwhattheyaregoodat.___36___Thehedgehogconceptmakesperfectsenseforcompanies.___37___PhilipTatehasstudiedthetrackrecordsofthosefolksontheSundaytalkshowswhomakepredictionsaboutwhatwillhappen.Hehasfoundthathedgehogsarenotonlywrongmoreoftenthanfoxes,butthattheyarelesslikelytorecogniseoradmitthattheyarewrongwheneventsdonotmatchtheirpredictions.Theadvantagethat.foxeshaveisthattheyaremorelikelytoseekoutnewinformationfromabroaderrangeofsources,andarecomfortablewithuncertaintyandnewinformation.___38___Theytrytoincludeitintheirviewpointratherthantoexcludeitfromtheirthinking.Theyalsohaveaclearerestimationofwhattheyknowanddon’tknow.So,whichisbetter?Thequestioncanbeansweredinafoxyhedgehogstyle.___39___Thechoicebetweenbeingahedgehogorafoxisafalsetrade-off.Themosteffectivewaytogothroughlifeistotrytobethatraremixtureknownasfoxyhedgehog.A.Inotherwords,thereareclearadvantagesforeach.B.Theyaremorelikelytorememberpeople’smistakes.C.Hence,theyhavetheadvantageofclarityandconfidence.D.Buttherecanbeadownsidetoconcentrationononebigthing.E.However,hedgehogsremainopentoothers’reactionsandinputs.F.Whensomethingiscontradictorytotheirview,theydon’ttreatitasexceptional.G.Theycomedownsquarelyononesideortheotherandfullysupporttheirposition.【答案】35.G36.C37.D38.F39.A【主題】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了擁有“刺猬”型思維方式和“狐貍”型思維方式的兩類人對(duì)于個(gè)人和企業(yè)建立信譽(yù)度的優(yōu)劣勢(shì)。35.【解析】根據(jù)上文“Hedgehogthinkerstendtoansweryes.(擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人傾向于給出肯定的答案)”可知，擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人傾向于給出肯定的答案，G項(xiàng)中They指代上文中的Hedgehog，G項(xiàng)“他們明確地站在一邊或另一邊，并全力支持自己的立場(chǎng)”說(shuō)明擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人往往有明確的立場(chǎng)，承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。36.【解析】根據(jù)上文“Theyfocusononethinganddoitreallywell.Theyfigureoutwhattheyaregoodat.(他們專注于一件事并把它做得很好。他們知道自己擅長(zhǎng)什么)”可知，擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人具備優(yōu)點(diǎn)，他們可以專注于一件事并知道自己擅長(zhǎng)什么。C項(xiàng)“因此，他們的優(yōu)勢(shì)是（頭腦）清楚和自信”進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。37.【解析】根據(jù)下文“Hehasfoundthathedgehogsarenotonlywrongmoreoftenthanfoxes,butthattheyarelesslikelytorecogniseoradmitthattheyarewrongwheneventsdonotmatchtheirpredictions.(他發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人不僅比擁有“狐貍”型思維方式的人更容易出錯(cuò)，而且當(dāng)事情與他們的預(yù)測(cè)不相符時(shí)他們不太可能意識(shí)到，也不太可能承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了)”可知，此處介紹擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人的缺點(diǎn)。D項(xiàng)“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能會(huì)有不利的一面”引出下文，介紹擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人具備缺點(diǎn)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。38.【解析】根據(jù)上文“Theadvantagethatfoxeshaveisthattheyaremorelikelytoseekoutnewinformationfromabroaderrangeofsources,andarecomfortablewithuncertaintyandnewinformation.(“狐貍”型思維方式的人的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于，他們更有可能從更廣泛的來(lái)源中尋找新信息，并且對(duì)不確定性和新信息感到舒適)”和下文“Theytrytoincludeitintheirviewpointratherthantoexcludeitfromtheirthinking.(他們?cè)噲D將其納入自己的觀點(diǎn)，而不是將其排除在自己的思維之外)”可知，此處介紹擁有“狐貍”型思維方式的人處理事情的方式。F項(xiàng)“當(dāng)某件事與他們的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾時(shí)，他們不會(huì)把它當(dāng)作例外”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。39.【解析】根據(jù)上文“Thequestioncanbeansweredinafoxyhedgehogstyle.(這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以用“像狐貍的刺猬”風(fēng)格來(lái)回答)”和下文“Thechoicebetweenbeingahedgehogorafoxisafalsetrade-off.(成為擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人還是擁有“狐貍”型思維方式的人的選擇是一種錯(cuò)誤的權(quán)衡)”可知，擁有“刺猬”型思維方式的人和擁有“狐貍”型思維方式的人各有優(yōu)勢(shì)。A項(xiàng)“換句話說(shuō)，兩者都有其明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。(2023·北京·高考)It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.35WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.36Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.37Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊(cè))orfunding.38Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.39Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A．Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B．Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C．Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D．However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E．Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F．They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G．Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.【答案】35．D36．F37．G38．B39．E【主題】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要就如何選擇高校提供了一些建議。35．【解析】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.(對(duì)于美國(guó)的學(xué)生和他們的家人來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一年中既快樂(lè)又緊張的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)樗麄円獩Q定去哪里上大學(xué)。家庭經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)來(lái)幫助做決定。)”可知，美國(guó)的學(xué)生和家人們?cè)跊Q定去哪兒上大學(xué)時(shí)，經(jīng)常求助于排名系統(tǒng)。而根據(jù)下文第三段“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學(xué)的課程在教學(xué)方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學(xué)的課程。)”可推斷出，本文主要講述的是排名方面出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)D“However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.(然而，排名忽略了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素：教學(xué)質(zhì)量。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指出大學(xué)排名存在的問(wèn)題；而根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容也可以推斷，排名中存在的問(wèn)題是教學(xué)質(zhì)量被忽略。故選D。36．【解析】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.(作為一名研究高等教育的學(xué)者，當(dāng)我與一些家庭交談時(shí)，他們常常驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)水平并沒(méi)有被納入排名。)”可知，大學(xué)排名中優(yōu)秀的教學(xué)水平并沒(méi)有被納入排名讓人們覺(jué)得很驚訝。選項(xiàng)F“They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.(更讓他們驚訝的是，大學(xué)竟然低估了教學(xué)的價(jià)值。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的都是大學(xué)排名忽略教學(xué)質(zhì)量。其中“moresurprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故選F。37．【解析】空前內(nèi)容“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學(xué)的課程在教學(xué)方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學(xué)的課程。)”以及空后內(nèi)容“Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.(考慮到高質(zhì)量教學(xué)與學(xué)生成功之間的聯(lián)系，排名中沒(méi)有優(yōu)秀教學(xué)令人驚訝。優(yōu)質(zhì)教學(xué)是衡量大學(xué)成績(jī)的最重要因素之一。)”講述的都是大學(xué)排名中沒(méi)有考慮到教學(xué)。選項(xiàng)G“Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.(事實(shí)上，大學(xué)經(jīng)常把重點(diǎn)從教學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)移到其他排名因素上。)”與上下文內(nèi)容相一致，故選G。38．【解析】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊(cè))orfunding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中對(duì)教學(xué)重視程度較低的一個(gè)原因。管理者通常不會(huì)將卓越的教學(xué)視為增加入學(xué)率或資金的一種方式。)”可知，上文分析了教學(xué)不被納入排名的原因，該空應(yīng)該講其后果。選項(xiàng)B“Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.(因此，它在招聘或晉升中不受重視。)”是上文內(nèi)容的延續(xù)，正因?yàn)楣芾砣藛T通常不把卓越的教學(xué)視為增加入學(xué)率或增加資金的一種方式，所以教學(xué)在招聘和晉升中不受重視。故選B。39．【解析】根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.(盡管如此，在擁有高質(zhì)量教學(xué)的學(xué)校獲得更多資源、更高排名和增加入學(xué)人數(shù)之前，不會(huì)有太大變化。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，大學(xué)、學(xué)校排名組織和其他機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該努力使教學(xué)成為使命的一個(gè)有價(jià)值的核心部分。)”可知，此處算是站在大學(xué)的角度，提出如何把教學(xué)當(dāng)成他們的首要核心任務(wù)。根據(jù)“Nevertheless”可知，空處內(nèi)容和下文內(nèi)容存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)E“Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.(在最近，努力改進(jìn)教學(xué)水平的現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。)”與下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折，旨在說(shuō)明，促使教學(xué)成為核心任務(wù)的艱巨性和重要性。故選E。(2022·北京·高考)Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.____35____Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.____36____Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.____37____Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.____38____Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.____39____This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.A.Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.B.Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.C.Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.D.Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.E.Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.F.Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.G.Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.【答案】35.G36.B37.D38.F39.C【主題】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講的是健康和健身之間密不可分的關(guān)系以及我們應(yīng)該通過(guò)哪些健身的方式來(lái)讓自己有一個(gè)健康的身體。35.【解析】根據(jù)空前“Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.(健康和健身幫助一個(gè)人過(guò)上良好和健康的生活。由于各種各樣的壓力，我們往往會(huì)忽視自己的健康。)”可知因?yàn)楦鞣N壓力，我們的健康容易被忽視，根據(jù)空后“Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.(正是我們身體的健康水平幫助我們對(duì)抗這些疾病。)”可知身體的健康可以讓我們應(yīng)對(duì)各種疾病，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講忽視健康對(duì)我們的身體及生活的影響。G項(xiàng)“Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.(這使我們的身體遭受痛苦，而且我們會(huì)感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G項(xiàng)中的otherdiseases與空后的thesediseases相互照應(yīng)，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。36.【解析】根據(jù)空后“Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.(為了擁有一個(gè)健康的身體我們需要健康。同樣，如果我們是健康的，我們自然會(huì)被保持健康的身體所吸引。)”可知健康的身體與健身是密不可分的，空處位于句首，應(yīng)是本段的主旨句，B項(xiàng)“Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.(健康和健身是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。)”概括全段的主要內(nèi)容，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。37.【解析】根據(jù)空前“Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.(健康是在特定時(shí)間內(nèi)我們身體的狀態(tài)。我們可能沒(méi)有任何疾病，但身體仍然虛弱，隨時(shí)會(huì)被病毒攻擊。)”可知我們的身體雖然沒(méi)有生病，但也很虛弱，隨時(shí)會(huì)生病，根據(jù)空后“Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.(這并不一定意味著我們不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我們是不健康的。空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該舉例說(shuō)明我們的身體在虛弱的情況下會(huì)生病這樣一種狀況，D項(xiàng)“Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.(例如，我們可能很容易感冒。)”舉例說(shuō)明我們的身體會(huì)在虛弱的情況下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D項(xiàng)的wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily這種情況，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。38.【解析】根據(jù)空前“Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.(對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，花些時(shí)間在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我們應(yīng)該花時(shí)間去健身，根據(jù)空后“Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.(例如，我們必須每天鍛煉，不管我們的年齡和工作方式。)”可知我們應(yīng)該每天堅(jiān)持鍛煉，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該講的是我們應(yīng)該通過(guò)哪些活動(dòng)來(lái)進(jìn)行鍛煉，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.(在我們的生活中有一些活動(dòng)是每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。39.【解析】根據(jù)空前“Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.(我們每天至少應(yīng)該有6到8個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠。它有助于改善我們的免疫系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)我們抵抗疾病。)”可知我們應(yīng)該保障充足的睡眠，根據(jù)空后“This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.(這反過(guò)來(lái)又給了我們健康和健身的新目標(biāo)。)”可知充足的睡眠會(huì)對(duì)我們的健康和健身目標(biāo)很有好處，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)該繼續(xù)講充足的睡眠的好處，C項(xiàng)“Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.(它也幫助我們保持冷靜和放松我們的大腦。)”進(jìn)一步講了充足的睡眠對(duì)于我們的好處，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。(2021·北京·高考)Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．____35____Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．____36____However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peoplesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．____37____Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitcomestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推測(cè)）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．____38____Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．____39____Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive．F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G.Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．【答案】35.F36.B37.D38.G39.E【主題】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是音樂(lè)對(duì)身體的好處。35.【解析】空格后說(shuō)“Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued”（音樂(lè)對(duì)心理健康的益處是毋庸置疑的），F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety中的stressandanxiety照應(yīng)了mentalhealthbenefits，因此F選項(xiàng)切合題意，故選F。36.【解析】空格后說(shuō)“However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain”（然而，出于同樣的原因，當(dāng)一個(gè)人處于痛苦中時(shí)，音樂(lè)是非常有益的），However表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空格處為對(duì)音樂(lè)的負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)，B選項(xiàng)Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud中的harmful就是負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)，因此B選項(xiàng)切合題意，故選B。37.【解析】空格前說(shuō)“Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed”（許多人喜歡在晚上睡覺(jué)前聽(tīng)些輕松的音樂(lè)），D選項(xiàng)Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep中的sleep和goingtobed相呼應(yīng)，因此D選項(xiàng)切合題意，故選D。38.【解析】空格前說(shuō)“InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure”（在歐洲的一項(xiàng)研究中，參與者聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，研究人員監(jiān)測(cè)他們的心率和血壓），G選項(xiàng)Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere中的heartrates和前面的heartrates相照應(yīng)，因此G選項(xiàng)切合題意，故選G。39.【解析】空格后說(shuō)“Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable”（但是，開(kāi)著收音機(jī)還可以對(duì)一系列其他的健康問(wèn)題有益，這就是音樂(lè)如此有價(jià)值的原因），因此本段講的是音樂(lè)對(duì)身體總的好處，E選項(xiàng)Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive講的是音樂(lè)對(duì)整體健康的影響是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E選項(xiàng)切合題意，故選E。1(2025屆北京市第十一中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期三模英語(yǔ)試題)TheyhadnamessuchasTomtheTerror,DirtyFace,andBilgewater.Theytraveledthousandsofmilesonwarshipswithhistory’ssaltiestsailors.Theywerevaluedmembersofthecrew,evenissueduniformsforphotographsandtheirowntinybedsfornapping.Theywerethecatsthatservedintheworld’snavies.Shipcatsarenotarecentphenomenon.Theyhavebeenservingonshipsforalmostaslongashumanshavebeengoingtosea.AncientEgyptiansdepictedthemhuntingfromboatssailingdowntheNile.1Cats’huntingskillsonlandmadethemvaluablecompanionsatsea.Ratsandmicecausedmajorproblemsonships.2Catswereacheapandeffectivesolutiontotheseproblems—andtheywerealsogoodcompany.Onlongvoyages,theycouldprovideavessel’screwwithaffectionandsoftnessintheharshenvironmentofaship.Notsurprisingly,sailorsdevelopedplentyofbeliefsaroundcatbehavior.Seamenpreparingtosailconsidereditgoodluckwhencatschosetoboardtheirvessels.3Anevenworseomen(預(yù)兆)?Thesightoftwocatsfightingonapiercouldbeforewarningthatthosesettingsailwoulddie.Thoughcatsareknownfortheirdislikestowater,theirbiologymakesthemsurprisinglysuitedtolifeatsea.Unlikehumansailorswhodranklemonjuicetopreventscurvy,catscanmaketheirownvitaminC．4Catsarealsoabletoobtainmostofthewatertheyneedfromtheirprey,sotheydonotrequirealotofpotablewaterashumansailorsdo.5Thelongrunoftheshipcatwasendedbystricterinternationalquarantinelawsimposed.Manycountriesrequiredalengthyquarantineperiodfordisembarkingcats.Iflocalofficialscaughtonesneakingoffaship,thecaptaincouldbefinedorevenplacedunderarrest.A．Butitwasadreadfulsignindeedwhenacatdecidedtojumpship.B．Therefore,theycansurviveonadietthatlacksfruitsandvegetables.C．Theypollutedandconsumedfood,chewedthroughequipment,andspreaddisease.D．AndthecatsmadetheirwayacrosstheMediterraneanaboardGreektradingvessels.E．AndintheUK,thecatssuppliedtotheRoyalNavyevenreceivedaweeklyallowance.F．SincethebeginningoftheWWII,however,mostnaviesoftheworldhaveadoptedasimilarpolicy.G．However,followingtheendoftheWWII,thespecialpositionthatcatsheldonNavyshipsbegantodecline.【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．B5．G【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了歷史上貓咪在世界海軍中的角色、它們的海上生活適應(yīng)性以及隨著國(guó)際檢疫法的嚴(yán)格最終導(dǎo)致它們從艦船上消失的現(xiàn)象。1．上文“AncientEgyptiansdepictedthemhuntingfromboatssailingdowntheNile.(古埃及人描繪了他們?cè)谀崃_河上乘船捕獵的情景。)”說(shuō)明貓?jiān)诠虐＜熬鸵呀?jīng)與船有了聯(lián)系，空處需延續(xù)貓隨人類航海的歷史。D選項(xiàng)“AndthecatsmadetheirwayacrosstheMediterraneanaboardGreektradingvessels.(貓乘坐希臘商船穿越了地中海。)”承接上文，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明貓?jiān)诓煌拿髦械暮胶v程，邏輯連貫。故選D。2．上文“Ratsandmicecausedmajorproblemsonships.(老鼠在船上造成了嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。)”說(shuō)明船上老鼠的問(wèn)題很嚴(yán)重，空處需具體說(shuō)明問(wèn)題內(nèi)容。C選項(xiàng)“Theypollutedandconsumedfood,chewedthroughequipment,andspreaddisease.(它們污染并消耗食物，啃咬設(shè)備，傳播疾病。)”具體描述了老鼠在船上所造成的問(wèn)題，與上文相呼應(yīng)。故選C。3．上文“Seamenpreparingtosailconsidereditgoodluckwhencatschosetoboardtheirvessels.(準(zhǔn)備出航的水手們認(rèn)為，當(dāng)貓選擇登上他們的船時(shí)，這是好運(yùn)的象征。)”說(shuō)明貓上船被視為好運(yùn)，下文“Anevenworseomen(預(yù)兆)?Thesightoftwocatsfightingonapiercouldbeforewarningthatthosesettingsailwoulddie.(更糟糕的預(yù)兆是什么呢？看到兩只貓?jiān)诖a頭上打架可能預(yù)示著那些即將啟航的人會(huì)遭遇不幸。)”列舉更糟糕的預(yù)兆。A選項(xiàng)“Butitwasadreadfulsignindeedwhenacatdecidedtojumpship.(但是，當(dāng)一只貓決定跳船時(shí)，這確實(shí)是一個(gè)可怕的征兆。)”與上文形成對(duì)比，引出相反的預(yù)兆，“dreadfulsign”與下文“worseomen”呼應(yīng)。故選A。4．上文“Unlikehumansailorswhodranklemonjuicetopreventscurvy,catscanmaketheirownvitaminC.(與喝檸檬汁以防止壞血病的人類水手不同，貓可以自己制造維生素C。)”說(shuō)明貓有自我調(diào)節(jié)的能力。B選項(xiàng)“Therefore,theycansurviveonadietthatlacksfruitsandvegetables.(因此，它們可以在缺乏水果和蔬菜的飲食中生存。)”是上文的結(jié)果，邏輯上構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，解釋貓適應(yīng)海上飲食的原因。故選B。5．下文“Thelongrunoftheshipcatwasendedbystricterinternationalquarantinelawsimposed.(由于實(shí)施了更嚴(yán)格的國(guó)際檢疫法，船貓的長(zhǎng)期存在結(jié)束了。)”說(shuō)明嚴(yán)格的國(guó)際檢疫法終結(jié)了船貓的時(shí)代，空處需引出船貓地位的轉(zhuǎn)折。G選項(xiàng)“However,followingtheendoftheWWII,thespecialpositionthatcatsheldonNavyshipsbegantodecline.(然而，在二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，貓?jiān)诤＼娕炌系奶厥獾匚婚_(kāi)始下降。)”概括了下文的內(nèi)容，并且與上文提到的船貓的歷史地位形成對(duì)比。故選G。2(2025屆北京市中國(guó)人民大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期三模英語(yǔ)試題)It’snosecretthatlifemakesusanxious.AccordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth,anestimated19%ofU.S.adultshavebeendiagnosedwithananxietydisorder.1Alackofin-personconnectionandinteraction,timeinnatureandengagementinourcommunitiesiscreating“digitalanxiety.”Attherootofmostanxietydisordersisadifficultycopingwithuncertainty.Itismanifestedinsymptomsofexcessiveworryandanxiety.Thosewithgeneralizedanxietydisordermightworryabouttheirownsafetyorthatofalovedone.2Digitalanxiety,ontheotherhand,isrootedinouruseoftechnologyandsocialmediahabits.Oneexampleisthestresscausedbynegativeinteractionsfromasocialmediapost.Theremaybefeelingsofinadequacy,hopelessnessandsocialisolation.Peoplemayalsoexperiencedigitalanxietywhenseparatedfromtheirphones.Theymightfeeldisconnectedandworryaboutnotknowingofpossiblethreatslikewaroranaturalcatastrophe.3Facedwithdigitalanxiety,howcanwereduceit?Hereareafewrecommendationstogetyoustarted.4Recordhowoftenyou’reengagedwithscreensandtechnology.Notethetimeofdayyou’remostlikelytologonandhowyoufeelbeforeandafter.Acceptthatanxietyisapartofliving.5Makeadailycommitmenttopracticeradicalacceptance—theabilitytoacceptrealitywithoutjudgment.Thatdoesn’tmeanyouapproveofnegativeeventsandsituations.Rather,youacceptthesecircumstancesasthingsyoumightnotbeabletochangeatthismoment—orever.A．Limityoursocialmediaandscreentime.B．Theyfocustheirattentiononspecificgoals.C．Behonestwithyourselfaboutyourdigitalhabits.D．Lifeisunpredictableandoftenbeyondyourcontrol.E．Sometimestheymissoutonasocialeventorlosetouchwithfriends.F．Orthe