湖南2025自考[健康與醫(yī)療保障]英語（二）高頻題(考點)Part1:MultipleChoice(選擇題)（共10題，每題2分，合計20分）1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofhealthinsuranceinmodernhealthcaresystems?A.Tomaximizeprofitsforinsurancecompanies.B.Toensureaccesstomedicalservicesforindividuals.C.Toregulatehealthcareprices.D.Toreducethedemandforhealthcareservices.2.WhichofthefollowingisacommonfeatureofChina'sruralhealthinsurancesystem?A.Premiumsarepaidentirelybythegovernment.B.Itcoversonlyurbanresidents.C.Itisprimarilyfundedbylocalgovernments.D.Itrequireshighdeductiblesforhospitalization.3.Theterm"out-of-pocketexpenses"refersto:A.Thetotalcostofhealthcareservices.B.Expensesnotcoveredbyinsurance.C.Theannualpremiumpaidforinsurance.D.Theamountrefundedbyinsuranceaftertreatment.4.Whatdoesthephrase"healthcaredisparities"mean?A.Differencesinhealthcarequalityamongregions.B.Unequalaccesstomedicalservicesduetosocioeconomicfactors.C.Higherhealthcarecostsinruralareas.D.Bettermedicaloutcomesinurbanareas.5.Whichhealthcaremodelemphasizescommunity-basedcareandpreventivemedicine?A.TheBeveridgeModel.B.TheBismarckModel.C.TheNHIModel.D.TheSocialInsuranceModel.6.Adeductibleof$1,000meansapatientmustpay:A.$1,000outofpocketbeforeinsurancecoveragebegins.B.$1,000pervisittothehospital.C.10%ofthetotalmedicalbill.D.Halfofthemedicalcostsafterinsurancepays.7.WhichofthefollowingisakeychallengeinChina'sagingpopulationandhealthcaredemand?A.Limitedhealthcareresources.B.Lowhealthcarecosts.C.Highbirthrates.D.Increasedhealthcarefunding.8.The"HealthChina2030"planaimsto:A.Increasehealthcarespendingby50%.B.ReducelifeexpectancyinChina.C.Improvepublichealthinfrastructure.D.Eliminateallout-of-pocketmedicalexpenses.9.Whichinsurancetypetypicallycoverslong-termcareservices?A.Medicalinsurance.B.Dentalinsurance.C.Long-termcareinsurance.D.Disabilityinsurance.10.The"BasicMedicalInsurance"inChinaprimarilycovers:A.High-endmedicaltreatments.B.Essentialhospitalvisitsandsurgeries.C.Dentalandvisioncare.D.Prescriptiondrugsonly.Part2:FillintheBlanks(填空題)（共5題，每題2分，合計10分）1.TheChinesegovernment's_______programaimstoexpandbasicmedicalcoveragenationwide.(Answer:NationalHealthInsurance(NHI))2._______referstothedifferenceinhealthcareaccessbetweenurbanandruralareas.(Answer:Healthcaredisparities)3.A_______isafixedamountthatinsurancecompaniespayforcoveredservices.(Answer:Copayment)4.The_______modelisprevalentincountrieslikeGermanyandFrance.(Answer:Bismarck)5._______insurancehelpscovercostsforchronicdiseasesanddisabilities.(Answer:Chroniccare)Part3:ShortAnswerQuestions(簡答題)（共3題，每題4分，合計12分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"outpatient"and"inpatient"careinthecontextofhealthinsurance.(Answer:Outpatientcarereferstonon-hospitalizedmedicalservices(e.g.,doctorvisits)wherepatientspaydirectlyorviacopayments.Inpatientcareinvolveshospitalization,whereinsurancecovershospitalstaysaftermeetingdeductiblesandcopayments.)2.WhatarethemainchallengesofexpandinghealthinsurancecoverageinruralChina?(Answer:Limitedhealthcareproviders,lowerinsurancepenetration,higherout-of-pocketexpenses,andfewerspecializedservices.)3.HowdoesChina'sNHIsystemaddresshealthcaredisparitiesbetweenurbanandruralareas?(Answer:TheNHIsystemprovidessubsidiesforruralresidents,offershigherreimbursementratesinunderdevelopedregions,andintegrateswiththeNewRuralCooperativeMedicalScheme(NRCMS).)Part4:Translation(翻譯題)（共2題，每題5分，合計10分）1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:"中國政府致力于通過基本醫(yī)療保險制度減輕居民醫(yī)療負擔。"(Answer:TheChinesegovernmentiscommittedtoalleviatingresidents'medicalburdensthroughthebasicmedicalinsurancesystem.)2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:"慢性病管理保險有助于覆蓋長期治療費用。"(Answer:Chroniccareinsurancehelpscoverlong-termtreatmentcosts.)Part5:EssayQuestion(論述題)（1題，10分）DiscusstheroleoftheNationalHealthInsurance(NHI)systeminimprovinghealthcareaccessibilityinChina.Includechallengesandpotentialsolutions.(AnswerOutline:-Introduction:NHI'sgoaltouniversalizehealthcarecoverage.-Benefits:Reducedout-of-pocketexpenses,widercoverage.-Challenges:Disparitiesinrural-urbanaccess,highadministrativecosts.-Solutions:Strengtheningruralhealthcareinfrastructure,integratingNHIwithNRCMS,increasingsubsidiesforlow-incomegroups.-Conclusion:NHI'sprogressbutneedforcontinuousreform.)AnswerKeyandExplanationPart1:MultipleChoice1.B2.C3.B4.B5.C6.A7.A8.C9.C10.BPart2:FillintheBlanks1.NationalHealthInsurance(NHI)2.Healthcaredisparities3.Copayment4.Bismarck5.ChroniccarePart3:ShortAnswerQuestions1.Differencebetweenoutpatientandinpatientcare:Outpatientcareinvolvesnon-hospitalizedservices(e.g.,doctorvisits),requiringdirectpaymentorcopayments.Inpatientcarecovershospitalstaysaftermeetingdeductiblesandcopayments.2.ChallengesofexpandinghealthinsuranceinruralChina:-Limitedhealthcareprovidersandfacilities.-Lowerinsurancepenetrationduetoaffordabilityissues.-Higherout-of-pocketcostsforruralresidents.-Lackofspecializedmedicalservices.3.NHI's