河南2025自考[行政管理]英語（二）高頻題(考點(diǎn))一、選擇題（共10題，每題1分）說明：每題有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請選擇最佳答案。1.Theroleofpublicadministratorsinpolicyimplementationisprimarilyto______.A.MakefinaldecisionsB.InterpretlawsandregulationsC.MonitorcompliancewithpoliciesD.Proposenewlegislation(答案：C)2.Whichofthefollowingisakeycharacteristicofabureaucraticorganization?A.InformalcommunicationB.FlexibilityinrolesC.HierarchicalstructureD.Decentralizeddecision-making(答案：C)3.Theterm"governance"inpublicadministrationrefersto______.A.TheprocessofmanagingpublicaffairsB.ThelegalframeworkofgovernmentC.TheelectionofpublicofficialsD.Thebudgetallocationprocess(答案：A)4.Whatdoes"stakeholderanalysis"involveinpublicpolicy?A.EvaluatingthefinancialimpactofapolicyB.IdentifyingallpartiesaffectedbythepolicyC.Measuringthepolicy'ssuccessrateD.Determiningthepolicy'slegalvalidity(答案：B)5.A"quasi-governmentalorganization"istypicallydefinedas______.A.Afullygovernment-ownedentityB.AnindependentagencywithlimitedpublicaccountabilityC.AprivateorganizationfundedbytaxesD.Anon-profitgroupworkinginpublicservice(答案：B)6.The"irontriangle"modelinpublicadministrationreferstotherelationshipbetween______.A.Government,media,andpublicinterestgroupsB.Politicians,bureaucrats,andlobbyistsC.Stakeholders,administrators,andpolicymakersD.Bureaucrats,civilservants,andelectedofficials(答案：B)7.Whatis"publicvalue"inthecontextofpublicadministration?A.TheeconomicefficiencyofgovernmentservicesB.TheethicalstandardsofpublicofficialsC.ThetangiblebenefitscitizensreceivefromgovernmentD.Thetransparencyofgovernmentoperations(答案：C)8.The"NewPublicManagement"movementemphasizes______.A.Centralizeddecision-makingB.IncreasedgovernmentinterventionC.Market-orientedreformsinpublicservicesD.Traditionalbureaucraticmethods(答案：C)9.Whichofthefollowingisamajorchallengeindigitalgovernance?A.LackofgovernmentfundingB.ResistancetotechnologicaladoptionC.LimitedpublicparticipationD.Excessivebureaucracy(答案：B)10.Theconceptof"administrativediscretion"refersto______.A.TheauthoritytoignorelawsB.ThelimitedpowerofofficialstomakedecisionsC.TheprocessofenforcingregulationsD.Thepublic'srighttoappealdecisions(答案：B)二、填空題（共10題，每題1分）說明：請根據(jù)語境填寫合適的單詞或短語。1.Thegoalof______istoensurefairnessandefficiencyingovernmentoperations.(答案：goodgovernance)2.A______isaformalagreementbetweentwoormorepartiestoachieveacommongoal.(答案：MemorandumofUnderstanding(MOU))3.The______theoryarguesthatbureaucracymaximizesefficiencythroughspecializationandrules.(答案：scientificmanagement)4.______referstotheprocessofgatheringandanalyzingdatatoinformdecision-making.(答案：Evidence-basedpolicy)5.InChina,the______systemisdesignedtoreducecorruptionbyseparatingdecision-makingfromimplementation.(答案：separationofpowers)6.The______approachfocusesonimprovingpublicservicesthroughcompetitionandperformancemetrics.(答案：NewPublicManagement)7.A______isaninformalgroupofofficialswhoinfluencepolicyoutcomesoutsideformalstructures.(答案：insidergroup)8.The______theorysuggeststhatpublicadministratorsprioritizetheirpersonalvaluesoverorganizationalgoals.(答案：value-behaviortheory)9.______isthepracticeofusingtechnologytoenhancegovernment-citizeninteractions.(答案：E-government)10.The______frameworkevaluatespoliciesbasedontheirimpactonequityandsustainability.(答案：publicvalueapproach)三、簡答題（共5題，每題4分）說明：請簡要回答下列問題。1.Whatarethekeydifferencesbetween"publicadministration"and"publicmanagement"?(答案：Publicadministrationfocusesontraditionalbureaucraticstructuresandrule-following,whilepublicmanagementemphasizesefficiency,competition,andmarket-basedreforms.)2.Explaintheroleof"stakeholderanalysis"inpolicydesign.(答案：Stakeholderanalysishelpsidentifyallpartiesaffectedbyapolicy,allowingpolicymakerstoaddressconcerns,gainsupport,andmitigateconflicts.)3.Describetheconceptof"administrativediscretion"anditsimplications.(答案：Administrativediscretionistheauthoritygiventoofficialstomakedecisionswithinlegalframeworks.Itensuresflexibilitybutrisksmisuseifunchecked.)4.Whatarethemainchallengesofimplementing"digitalgovernance"inChina?(答案：Challengesincludethedigitaldivide,lackoftechnicalskillsamongofficials,privacyconcerns,andresistancetochange.)5.Howdoesthe"irontriangle"modelexplainpolicy-making?(答案：Theirontriangleconsistsofpolicymakers,bureaucrats,andlobbyists,whereeachgroupinfluencespolicyoutcomesthroughresources,expertise,andadvocacy.)四、論述題（共2題，每題10分）說明：請結(jié)合實(shí)際案例或理論，深入分析下列問題。1.Discusstheimpactof"NewPublicManagement"onpublicservicedeliveryinChina.(答案：NewPublicManagementhasintroducedmarketcompetitionintopublicservices,improvingefficiencybutalsoreducingequity.Forexample,China's"one-stopservicecenters"useperformancemetricstoenhancecitizensatisfaction.However,thisapproachmayneglectvulnerablegroups.)2.Analyzetheroleof"goodgovernance"inpromotingadministrativereforminHenanProvince.(答案：Goodgovernanceprinciples—transparency,accountability,andinclusivity—havedrivenreformsinHenan,suchasanti-corruptionmeasuresanddigitalserviceplatforms.Forinstance,Henan's"sunshinegovernment"policyincreasespublicaccesstodecision-making,fosteringtrustbutrequiringcontinuousimprovementinimplementation.)答案與解析選擇題答案與解析1.C–Publicadministratorsprimarilymonitorpolicycompliancetoensureeffectiveness.2.C–Bureaucraticorganizationsarecharacterizedbyrigidhierarchies.3.A–Governanceinvolvesthecollectivemanagementofpublicaffairs.4.B–Stakeholderanalysisidentifiesallgroupsimpactedbypolicies.5.B–Quasi-governmentalorganizationsoperatewithlimitedpublicoversight.6.B–Theirontrianglerepresentstheinterplaybetweenpoliticians,bureaucrats,andlobbyists.7.C–Publicvaluereferstotangiblebenefitsforcitizens.8.C–NewPublicManagementpromotesmarket-likereformsinpublicservices.9.B–Technologicalresistancehindersdigitalgovernanceprogress.10.B–Administrativediscretionallowsofficialstoexercisejudgmentwithinrules.填空題答案與解析1.Goodgovernance–Ensuresfairnessandefficiencyinpublicoperations.2.MemorandumofUnderstanding(MOU)–Aformalagreementbetweenentities.3.Scientificmanagement–Taylor’stheoryemphasizingspecialization.4.Evidence-basedpolicy–Decision-makingbasedondataanalysis.5.Separationofpowers–China’ssystemtopreventcorruption.6.NewPublicManagement–Focusesoncompetitionandperformance.7.Insidergroup–Informalnetworksinfluencingpolicy.8.Value-behaviortheory–Explainshowpersonalvaluesaffectdecisions.9.E-government–Technology-drivengovernmentservices.10.Publicvalueapproach–Evaluatespoliciesonequityandsustainability.簡答題答案與解析1.Publicadministrationvs.Publicmanagement:-Publicadministrationemphasizesrulesandbureaucra