2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解長難句解析與技巧提升考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷directions:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneThelandscapeofglobalcommerceisundergoingaprofoundtransformation,drivenlargelybytherelentlessmarchofdigitaltechnology.Traditionalbusinessmodels,whichoftenreliedonphysicalproximityandbrick-and-mortarpresence,arebeingchallengedandreshapedbytheriseofe-commerceanddigitalplatforms.Thisshiftisnotmerelyachangeinshoppingconvenience;itrepresentsafundamentalrethinkingofvaluecreation,distribution,andcustomerengagementacrossnumerousindustries.Forretailers,thedigitalrevolutionhasnecessitatedapivotfromstaticinventory展示todynamic,data-drivensupplychains.Theabilitytoanalyzeconsumerbehaviorinreal-time,predicttrendswithremarkableaccuracy,andfacilitateseamlessonlinetransactionshasbecomeparamount.Companiesthatfailtoadaptriskbeingrelegatedtotheperipheryofthemarket,overshadowedbymoreagilecompetitorswholeveragetechnologytooptimizeeveryaspectofthecustomerjourney.Thisincludespersonalizedmarketingcampaigns,efficientlogisticsmanagement,andenhancedcustomerservicethroughAI-poweredchatbotsandvirtualassistants.Moreover,theboundariesbetweendifferentsectorsarebecomingincreasinglyblurred.Thelinesseparatingtechnologygiants,entertainmentcompanies,andtraditionalretailershavebecomeincreasinglypermeable.Amazon,forinstance,hasexpandeditsempireintocloudcomputing(AWS),streamingservices(PrimeVideo),andevenphysicalretailwithWholeFoodsMarket,demonstratingthefluidityofdigitalcapitalandthepotentialforconvergence.Similarly,streamingplatformsareventuringintooriginalcontentproduction,blurringthedistinctionbetweenpublishersanddistributors.Thisconvergencenecessitatesamoreholisticunderstandingofthemarket,wherecompetitorsmaynotbedirectsubstitutesbutratheroffercomplementaryservicesthatcollectivelymeetconsumerneeds.Theimplicationsofthisdigital-drivencommercialevolutionextendbeyondindividualcompaniesandindustries.Itfostersamoreinterconnectedglobaleconomy,whereproductsandservicescanbedeliveredacrossborderswithunprecedentedspeedandefficiency.However,italsobringschallengesrelatedtodataprivacy,cybersecurity,andthedigitaldivide,whereaccesstotechnologyanddigitalliteracycreatenewinequalities.Governmentsandinternationalorganizationsaregrapplingwithhowtoregulatethedigitalrealmwhilefosteringinnovationandensuringequitableaccesstothebenefitsofthedigitaleconomy.Questions:1.Whatistheprimaryforceidentifiedinthepassagethatisreshapingglobalcommerce?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatcriticalcapabilityhasbecomeessentialforretailersinthedigitalage?3.TheauthorusestheexampleofAmazontoillustratewhatmainconcept?4.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestistheeffectoftheblurringlinesbetweendifferentsectorsinthedigitaleconomy?5.Beyondcompaniesandindustries,whatbroadereconomicimplicationsdoesthepassagementionduetodigital-drivencommercialevolution?PassageTwoTheconceptof"well-being"hasincreasinglymovedfromtherealmofphilosophicalinquiryintothesphereofempiricalscientificinvestigation.Historically,discussionsabouthappinessandqualityoflifewereoftenabstractandlackedrigorousmethodology.However,contemporaryresearchershavedevelopedincreasinglysophisticatedframeworksandtoolstomeasureandanalyzevariousdimensionsofwell-being,leadingtoamorenuancedunderstandingofwhatcontributestoafulfillinglife.Thisscientificapproachhasnotonlyenrichedacademicdiscoursebutalsobeguntoinfluencepolicy-makingandpublichealthinitiativesworldwide.Centraltothisscientificexplorationofwell-beingaretheidentificationofkeycomponentsthatconstituteahappyorfulfillinglife.Researchersoftendistinguishbetweendifferenttypesofwell-being,suchassubjectivewell-being(SWB),whichencompassesfeelingsofhappiness,lifesatisfaction,andpositiveemotions;andobjectivewell-being,whichrelatestotangibleindicatorslikehealth,wealth,andaccesstoresources.Furthermore,agrowingbodyofevidencehighlightstheimportanceofpsychologicalwell-being,includingfactorslikepurposeinlife,autonomy,andtheabilitytocopeeffectivelywithstress.Interventionsaimedatenhancingwell-being,informedbythesescientificfindings,aregainingtraction.Theserangefromindividual-levelpractices,suchasmindfulnessmeditationandgratitudeexercises,whichhavebeenshowntoboostpositiveemotionsandresilience,tocommunity-basedprogramsdesignedtofostersocialconnectionsandasenseofbelonging.Policymakersarealsobeginningtoincorporatewell-beingmetricsintogovernanceframeworks,movingbeyondpurelyeconomicindicatorslikeGDPtoassesstheoverallhealthandprosperityofanation.Thisshiftreflectsarecognitionthateconomicgrowthdoesnotautomaticallyequatetowidespreadhappinessorsocietalwell-being.However,thescientificstudyofwell-beingisnotwithoutitscomplexitiesandcontroversies.Onemajorchallengeliesindefiningandmeasuringwell-beingitself,asitscomponentscanbesubjectiveandculturallyinfluenced.Moreover,thereisongoingdebateaboutthepotentialfor"well-beinginterventions"tobeco-optedbycommercialinterests,turninghappinessintoacommoditytobeboughtandsold.Criticsalsoarguethatanoveremphasisonindividualwell-beingmightoverlookstructuralissuescontributingtoinequalityandsuffering.Therefore,whilethescientificpursuitofunderstandingandenhancingwell-beingholdssignificantpromise,itiscrucialtoapproachitwithaholisticandethicallymindfulperspective.Questions:6.Howhastheperceptionandstudyof"well-being"changedaccordingtothepassage?7.Whatarethetwomaintypesofwell-beingmentionedinthepassage?8.Thepassagementionsseveralexamplesofinterventionsaimedatenhancingwell-being.Whichtypeofinterventioninvolvesindividualpractices?9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemainchallengesinthescientificstudyofwell-being?10.Whatconcerndocriticsraiseregardingthefocusonindividualwell-beingandscientificinterventions?PassageThreeThehumanbrain,withitsremarkablecomplexity,continuestobeoneofthemostintriguingfrontiersofscientificexploration.WhilesignificantadvancementshavebeenmadeinunderstandingitsstructureandfunctionthroughtechniqueslikefMRIandgeneticsequencing,vastmysteriesremain.Oneofthemostpersistentenigmasishowthisintricatenetworkofneuronsgivesrisetoconsciousness,self-awareness,andtherichtapestryofhumanexperience.Unravelingthesecretsofconsciousnesscouldpotentiallyrevolutionizefieldsrangingfromneuroscienceandpsychologytophilosophyandartificialintelligence.Recentdecadeshavewitnessedremarkableprogressinmappingthebrain'sneuralnetworks.Byidentifyinghowdifferentneuronsconnectandcommunicate,researchersaregraduallybuildingamorecomprehensivepictureofthebrain'sfunctionalarchitecture.This"connectome"projectaimstomapalltheneuralconnectionsinthebrain,whichcouldprovidecriticalinsightsintothebasisofvariouscognitivefunctionsandneurologicaldisorders.Techniquessuchasoptogenetics,whichallowsscientiststocontrolspecificneuronswithlight,areprovidingunprecedentedprecisioninstudyingneuralactivityanditseffectsonbehavior.Alongsidestructuralmapping,computationalneuroscienceofferspowerfultoolsformodelingbrainfunction.Bycreatingsophisticatedcomputersimulationsofneuralnetworks,researcherscantesthypothesesabouthowthebrainprocessesinformation,makesdecisions,andadaptstonewexperiences.Thesemodelshelpbridgethegapbetweenmicroscopicneuralactivityand宏觀behavioraloutcomes,providingatheoreticalframeworkforunderstandingcomplexcognitiveprocesses.Whilecurrentmodelsarenecessarilysimplified,theyrepresentacrucialsteptowardssimulatingaspectsofhumancognition,potentiallyinformingthedevelopmentofmoreadvancedartificialintelligencesystems.Despitetheseadvancements,thequestionofconsciousnessremainsprofoundlydifficulttoaddress.Manyscientistsarguethatconsciousnessmightbeanemergentpropertyofcomplexneuralactivity,arisingfrominteractionsthatarecurrentlybeyondourcapacitytomodelorfullycomprehend.Othersproposethatconsciousnessmightinvolvenon-physicalorquantummechanicalprocesseswithinthebrain,suggestingthatourcurrentunderstandingofphysicsandbiologymaybeinsufficient.Bridgingthegapbetweenthephysicalbrainandthesubjectiveexperienceofconsciousness,oftenreferredtoasthe"hardproblem"ofconsciousness,requiresinterdisciplinarycollaborationandinnovativeapproachesthatpushtheboundariesofcurrentscientificthought.Questions:11.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneofthemostpersistentmysteriesaboutthehumanbrain?12.Thepassagementionsthe"connectome"project.Whatisitsprimarygoal?13.Computationalneuroscienceismentionedasofferingtoolsforwhattypeofanalysis?14.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthe"hardproblem"ofconsciousness?15.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisneededtomakeprogressinunderstandingconsciousness?PassageFourTheincreasingprevalenceofmisinformation,oftenreferredtoas"fakenews,"representsasignificantchallengeinthecontemporaryinformationlandscape.Drivenbythespeedandreachofsocialmediaplatforms,falseormisleadinginformationcanspreadrapidly,potentiallyinfluencingpublicopinion,politicaloutcomes,andevenindividualbehaviors.Thisphenomenonposesathreatnotonlytoinformeddecision-makingbutalsotothehealthofdemocraticsocietiesthatrelyonasharedfoundationoffactualknowledge.Thedynamicsofmisinformationspreadarecomplexandmulti-faceted.Factorscontributingtoitsproliferationincludethepsychologicalvulnerabilityofindividualstocognitivebiases,suchasconfirmationbias,whichleadspeopletofavorinformationthatconfirmstheirexistingbeliefs.Algorithmicdesignonsocialmediaplatforms,oftenoptimizedforuserengagementratherthanaccuracy,caninadvertentlyamplifythereachofsensationaloremotionallychargedcontent,includingmisinformation.Furthermore,theanonymityanddistanceprovidedbyonlineenvironmentscanlowerinhibitions,makingindividualsmorelikelytoshareunverifiedinformation.Addressingthechallengeofmisinformationrequiresamulti-prongedapproachinvolvingvariousstakeholders.Technologicalsolutions,suchasimprovedcontentmoderationalgorithms,fact-checkinglabels,andtoolstoidentifymanipulatedmedia,arebeingdevelopedanddeployed.However,criticsarguethatthesetechnicalfixesmaybeinsufficient,astheyoftenstruggletokeeppacewiththecreativityandspeedofthosegeneratingfalseinformation.Educationalinitiativesaimedatpromotingmedialiteracyandcriticalthinkingskillsarealsocrucial,empoweringindividualstodifferentiatebetweencredibleandunreliablesources.Furthermore,fosteringacultureofaccountabilityamongplatforms,publishers,andusersisessentialformitigatingthespreadofharmfulmisinformation.Theimpactofmisinformationextendsbeyondtrivialfalsehoods.Itcanunderminetrustininstitutions,includinggovernments,journalism,andscience,erodingthesocialcohesionnecessaryforaddressingmajorsocietalchallenges.Intimesofcrisis,suchaspublichealthemergencies,therapidspreadoffalseinformationcanhavedangerousreal-worldconsequences,divertingattentionfromreliableguidanceandpotentiallyleadingtoharmfulactions.Therefore,combatingmisinformationisnotmerelyantechnicalchallengebutafundamentalaspectofmaintaininganinformedandfunctioningsocietyinthedigitalage.Questions:16.Whatisthemainissuehighlightedbytheterm"fakenews"asdescribedinthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonepsychologicalfactorthatcontributestothespreadofmisinformation?18.Thepassagementionsalgorithmicdesignonsocialmedia.Whatunintendedconsequencemightthisdesignleadtoregardingthespreadofinformation?19.Beyondtechnicalsolutions,whattypeofinitiativeismentionedasbeingcrucialforaddressingmisinformation?20.Whatpotentialdangerousconsequenceofmisinformationismentionedinthecontextofpublichealthemergencies?---試卷答案PassageOne1.D2.A3.B4.C5.EPassageTwo6.B7.F8.A9.D10.CPassageThree11.A12.E13.G14.H15.IPassageFour16.B17.C18.F19.D20.G---解析思路PassageOne1.解析思路：題目問驅動全球商業(yè)深刻變革的主要力量。通讀首段可知，第一句明確指出“數(shù)字技術的relentlessmarch（不懈的進步）”是推動全球商業(yè)發(fā)生深刻變革的主要驅動力。選項D"Therelentlessmarchofdigitaltechnology"與此相符。2.解析思路：題目問在數(shù)字時代，零售商變得至關重要的一項關鍵能力是什么。根據第二段第二句，“Theabilitytoanalyzeconsumerbehaviorinreal-time...hasbecomeparamount.”（實時分析消費者行為……已成為至關重要/首要的能力）。選項A"Theabilitytoanalyzeconsumerbehaviorinreal-time"是原文的直接表述。3.解析思路：題目問作者使用亞馬遜的例子是為了說明什么主要概念。第四段明確以亞馬遜為例，是為了說明“數(shù)字資本（digitalcapital）的流動性（fluidity）以及不同行業(yè)（sectors）可能性的融合（potentialforconvergence）”這一概念。選項B"Thefluidityofdigitalcapitalandthepotentialforconvergence"概括了原文用意。4.解析思路：題目問文章暗示了數(shù)字經濟中不同行業(yè)界限模糊所產生的影響是什么。根據第四段第二句，“Thisconvergencenecessitatesamoreholisticunderstandingofthemarket,wherecompetitorsmaynotbedirectsubstitutesbutratheroffercomplementaryservicesthatcollectivelymeetconsumerneeds.”（這種融合需要更全面地理解市場，其中競爭對手可能不是直接的替代品，而是提供互補服務，以滿足消費者的集體需求）。選項C"Necessitatingamoreholisticunderstandingofthemarketwherecompetitorsoffercomplementaryservices"提煉了原文的核心觀點。5.解析思路：題目問除了公司和行業(yè)之外，文章提到了數(shù)字驅動商業(yè)演變帶來的更廣泛的經濟影響是什么。根據第四段最后一句，“Itfostersamoreinterconnectedglobaleconomy,whereproductsandservicescanbedeliveredacrossborderswithunprecedentedspeedandefficiency.”（它促進了一個更加互聯(lián)的全球經濟，在各國之間可以以前所未有的速度和效率交付產品和服務的）。同時，該句還提到了帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，如“dataprivacy,cybersecurity,andthedigitaldivide”（數(shù)據隱私、網絡安全和數(shù)字鴻溝），這些都屬于更廣泛的經濟影響范疇。選項E"Fosteringamoreinterconnectedglobaleconomyandbringingchallengeslikedataprivacyandthedigitaldivide"涵蓋了原文提及的主要影響方面。PassageTwo6.解析思路：題目問關于“幸福感”的研究和理解發(fā)生了怎樣的變化。根據第一段第一句，“Theconceptof'well-being'hasincreasinglymovedfromtherealmofphilosophicalinquiryintothesphereofempiricalscientificinvestigation.”（“幸福感”的概念正越來越多地從哲學探究領域轉向經驗科學探究領域）。選項B"Ithasshiftedfromphilosophicalinquirytoempiricalscientificinvestigation"與此相符。7.解析思路：題目問文章中提到的兩種主要幸福感類型是什么。根據第二段第二句，“Researchersoftendistinguishbetweendifferenttypesofwell-being,suchassubjectivewell-being(SWB),whichencompassesfeelingsofhappiness,lifesatisfaction,andpositiveemotions;andobjectivewell-being,whichrelatestotangibleindicatorslikehealth,wealth,andaccesstoresources.”（研究人員通常區(qū)分不同類型的幸福感，例如主觀幸福感（SWB），它包括幸福感、生活滿意度和積極情緒；以及客觀幸福感，它與諸如健康、財富和資源獲取等有形的指標相關）。選項F"Subjectivewell-being(SWB)andobjectivewell-being"是原文的原文照搬。8.解析思路：題目問文章提到的旨在提升幸福感的干預措施中，哪一類涉及個人實踐。根據第三段第一句，“Theserangefromindividual-levelpractices,suchasmindfulnessmeditationandgratitudeexercises,whichhavebeenshowntoboostpositiveemotionsandresilience,tocommunity-basedprogramsdesignedtofostersocialconnectionsandasenseofbelonging.”（這些（干預措施）范圍從個人層面的實踐（如正念冥想和感恩練習）開始，這些實踐已被證明可以提升積極情緒和韌性，一直到旨在培養(yǎng)社交聯(lián)系和歸屬感的社區(qū)項目）。選項A"Individual-levelpracticessuchasmindfulnessmeditation"指出了原文提到的個人層面的實踐例子。9.解析思路：題目問根據文章，科學研究中幸福感面臨的一個主要挑戰(zhàn)是什么。根據第四段第一句，“However,thescientificstudyofwell-beingisnotwithoutitscomplexitiesandcontroversies.Onemajorchallengeliesindefiningandmeasuringwell-beingitself,asitscomponentscanbesubjectiveandculturallyinfluenced.”（然而，對幸福感的科學研究并非沒有復雜性和爭議。一個主要的挑戰(zhàn)在于定義和衡量幸福感本身，因為其組成部分可能是主觀的并且受文化影響的）。選項D"Definingandmeasuringwell-beingduetoitssubjectiveandculturallyinfluencedcomponents"概括了原文指出的挑戰(zhàn)。10.解析思路：題目問批評者對關注個人幸福感和科學干預提出了什么擔憂。根據第四段最后一句，“Therefore,whilethescientificpursuitofunderstandingandenhancingwell-beingholdssignificantpromise,itiscrucialtoapproachitwithaholisticandethicallymindfulperspective....Criticsalsoarguethatanoveremphasisonindividualwell-beingmightoverlookstructuralissuescontributingtoinequalityandsuffering.”（因此，盡管對理解和提升幸福感的科學追求具有重大前景，但必須以全面和具有道德意識的視角來對待它……批評者還認為，過分強調個人幸福感可能會忽視導致不平等和苦難的結構性問題）。選項C"Thatanoveremphasisonindividualwell-beingmightoverlookstructuralissues"提煉了原文中批評者提出的擔憂。PassageThree11.解析思路：題目問根據文章，關于人腦最持久的謎團是什么。根據第一段第二句，“Oneofthemostpersistentenigmasishowthisintricatenetworkofneuronsgivesrisetoconsciousness,self-awareness,andtherichtapestryofhumanexperience.”（其中一個最持久的謎團是，這個復雜的神經元網絡是如何產生意識、自我意識和豐富的人類經驗的）。選項A"Howtheintricatenetworkofneuronsgivesrisetoconsciousnessandself-awareness"與此相符。12.解析思路：題目問“連接組”（connectome）項目的首要目標是什么。根據第二段第二句，“This'connectome'projectaimstomapalltheneuralconnectionsinthebrain,whichcouldprovidecriticalinsightsintothebasisofvariouscognitivefunctionsandneurologicaldisorders.”（這個“連接組”項目的目標是繪制大腦中所有的神經連接，這可以為理解各種認知功能和神經系統(tǒng)疾病的基礎提供關鍵見解）。選項E"Aimingtomapalltheneuralconnectionsinthebrain"概括了原文的目標。13.解析思路：題目問計算神經科學被提及是為了提供哪種類型分析的工具。根據第三段第一句，“Computationalneuroscienceofferspowerfultoolsformodelingbrainfunction.”（計算神經科學為建模大腦功能提供了強大的工具）。選項G"Modelingbrainfunction"指出了原文提到的計算神經科學的作用。14.解析思路：題目問根據文章，“意識的硬問題”（thehardproblemofconsciousness）是什么。根據第四段第一句，“Manyscientistsarguethatconsciousnessmightbeanemergentpropertyofcomplexneuralactivity,arisingfrominteractionsthatarecurrentlybeyondourcapacitytomodelorfullycomprehend.Othersproposethatconsciousnessmightinvolvenon-physicalorquantummechanicalprocesseswithinthebrain,suggestingthatourcurrentunderstandingofphysicsandbiologymaybeinsufficient.Bridgingthegapbetweenthephysicalbrainandthesubjectiveexperienceofconsciousness,oftenreferredtoasthe'hardproblem'ofconsciousness,requiresinterdisciplinarycollaborationandinnovativeapproachesthatpushtheboundariesofcurrentscientificthought.”（許多科學家認為，意識可能是復雜神經活動的涌現(xiàn)屬性，源于我們目前無法模擬或完全理解的相互作用。其他人則提出，意識可能涉及大腦中的非物理或量子力學過程，這表明我們目前的物理學和生物學理解可能是不夠的。彌合物理大腦和主觀意識體驗之間的差距，通常被稱為意識的“硬問題”，需要跨學科合作和創(chuàng)新方法，以推動當前科學思維的邊界）。該段明確指出，“Bridgingthegapbetweenthephysicalbrainandthesubjectiveexperienceofconsciousness”就是意識的“hardproblem”。選項H"Bridgingthegapbetweenthephysicalbrainandsubjectiveexperience"是原文的概括。15.解析思路：題目問文章暗示了需要什么來推動對意識的進步理解。根據第四段最后一句，“Bridgingthegapbetweenthephysicalbrainandthesubjectiveexperienceofconsciousness,oftenreferredtoasthe'hardproblem'ofconsciousness,requiresinterdisciplinarycollaborationandinnovativeapproachesthatpushtheboundariesofcurrentscientificthought.”（彌合物理大腦和主觀意識體驗之間的差距……需要跨學科合作和創(chuàng)新方法，以推動當前科學思維的邊界）。選項I"Interdisciplinarycollaborationandinnovativeapproaches"是原文明確提出的推動進步所需要的方法。PassageFour16.解析思路：題目問文章中“假新聞”（fakenews）所突出的主要問題是什么。根據第一段第一句，“Theincreasingprevalenceofmisinformation,oftenreferredtoas'fakenews,'representsas