專題三：人與社會

備戰(zhàn)2022年中考英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)突破

考向6人與社會之著名人物

Passage1（2021?浙江紹興?中考真題）

h'sbeen100yearssincetheactorandfilmmakerCharlieChaplinproducedthefilmTheKid、whichmany

considertobehisgreatestone.

Likeallfilmsatthetime.TheKidwasmadeinblackandwhiteandwassilent（madewithoutanysound,not

eventhecharacterstalking）.Thestoryisabouttherelationshipbetween“theTramp”,playedbyChaplin,andhis

adopted（領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的）child,playedbyJackieCoogan.Thepairdevelopapartnershipwherethesixyearoldboybreaks

windowsandrunsaway,sothatChaplin'scharactercanofferhisservicesasawindowfixer.

Althoughthefilmisaedy,italsohassometragedy,reflectingChaplin'sownlife.Hestartedtestingactorsfbr

theroleoftheKidjustafewdaysafterhisbabysonhaddied.Chaplinwasknownfbrbeinghardtoplease,anditis

saidthatifhecould,hewouldhaveplayedeveryroleineveryoneofhisfilms.WhenChaplinvisitedatheatre,a

dancerbroughthisson.JackieCoogan,onstage,andChaplinknewhehadhiscostai?（聯(lián)袂主演者）.Chaplinlater

wrote,“Allchildreninsomeformhavetalents;thetrickistobringitoutinthem.WithJackieitwaseasy.”

LiketheKidinthefilm,ChaplinandhisbrotherSydneygrewupverypoor.TheylivedinLondonandwere

raisedbytheirmother.WhenChaplinwas10yearsold,hismumbecametooilltolookafterhersons,sotheyhad

totakecareofthemselves.HelaterwrotethatthefilmsetsinTheKidwerebased（基于）ontheplaceswherehe

andSydneyhadlivedwiththeirmotheraschildren.^Perhapsthat'swhythefilmhadsometruth,''hesaid.

1.Thesecondparagraphmainlytalksabout.

A.whyTheKidwasmadeB.whenTheKidwason

C.howTheKidgotsuccessfulD.whatTheKidisabout

2.WecaninferfromParagraph3(hatJackieCoogan.

A.alwaysvisitedthetheatrealoneB.waspossiblytalentedinacting

C.knewmuchaboutChaplinbeforeD.playedeveryroleinChaplin^films

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutChaplin?

A.Hehadapoorchildhoodexperience.B.Hewasbroughtupbyhisfather.

C.Helookedafterhismotherverywell.D.Heproducedfilmswithhisbrother.

4.What'sthebesttitlefbrthepassage?

A.AfilmaboutadancerB.AfamilyinLor.don

C.AplacefbrfilmmakingD.Alifeonfilm

【答案】

1.D2.B3.A4,D

【分析】

文章講了卓別林的電影《孩子》尋找角色的過程，并提到他在電影中融入了自己的生活。

…落大意題。根據(jù)“Thestoryisabouttherelationshipbetween...”可知第二段主要講電影《孩子》主要是關(guān)于什

么的。故選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"WhenChaplinvisitedatheatre,adancerbroughthisson,JackieCoogan,onstage,and

Chaplinknewhehadhiscostar.Chaplinlaterwrote,4A11childreninsomeformhavetalents;thetrickistobringit

outinthem.WithJackieitwaseasy.'”可知卓別林一看到JackieCoogan就知道自己有了聯(lián)袂主演者，且他認(rèn)

為使JackieCoogan的天賦顯現(xiàn)出來很容易，由此推出JackieCoogan可能在表演方面有天賦。故選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“LiketheKidinthefilm,ChaplinandhisbrotherSydneygrewupverypoor.Theylivedin

Londonandwereraisedbytheirmother.WhenChaplinwas10yearsold,hismumbecametooilltolookafterher

sons,sotheyhadtotakecareof【hcmselves.,,可知卓別林的童年很貪苫，A項(xiàng)正確。故選A。

4.標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知文章講了卓別林的電影《孩子》尋找角色的過程，并提到他在電影中融入了

自己的生活經(jīng)歷。用“Alifeonfilm”做標(biāo)題最合適。故選D,,

Passage2（2021?遼寧盤錦?中考真題）

China'sForeignMinisterMr.WangYihighlypraisedEdgarSncw（19051972）,areporterfromAmericaon

March7thisyearduringtheNationalPeople'sCongressinBeijing.HesaidSnowwasalways"stayingtruthfi.iland

objective（客觀的）andstandingbyjustice（正義）andconscience（良心）

SnowcametoChinain1928.Hespentover10yearsinChinatryingtounderstanditspeopleandshowing

whathelearned（otherestof（heworld.Heisbestknownforhisbooksandarticlesonmunism（共產(chǎn)主義）in

ChinaandtheChinesemunistRevolution（革命）.Forexample.RedStarOverChina,whichcameoutin（he

1930s,isknownasthefirstbookthatintroducedChina'srevolutiontothewest.Init,Snowcollectedfirsthand

informationontheLongMarch,aswellasontheworkandlifeofmembersofthemunistPartyofChina.

ManywesternerswereintroducedtothePartythroughhisbook.NormanBethune,aCanadiandoctor,cameto

ChinaafterreadingSnow'sbook.HeworkedhardtosavethelivesofChinesesoldiersduringWorldWarII.

“Whenthewholeworldhadforgottenus,Snowcametoseeusandtoldtheworldwhathadhappened.Wewill

rcir.cinbcrSnow'sgreathelptoChinaforever,''ChainnanMaosaidduringtheinterviewwithaGermanreporterin

1938.

Snow'sspiritisnotonlyneedednow,butalsointhefuture.Nomatterwhatera（時(shí)代）ilis,peoplealloverthe

worldalwaysneedsomeconnection,aswellasunderstandingandhelpfromeachother.

5.EdgarSnowwas.

A.anAmericanreporterB.aGermanwriter

C.anEnglisheducatorD.aCanadiandoctor

6.Snow'sbookRedStarOverChina.

A.cameoutin1928

B.tookhimmorethan10yearstofinish

C.wasthefirsttointroduceChinato（hewest

D.includedinformationabouttheLongMarch

7.NormanBethunecametoworkinChinabecause

shealsostartedaschooltotrainnurses.ShediedinLondononAugust13th,1910,whenshewas90yearsold.

9.WhatwasFlorenceNightingale'sjob?

A.Anurse.B.Asoldier.C.Anartist.

10.Howmanybooksdidshewrite?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.

11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthearticle?

A.In1851shewenttoaBritishmilitaryhospital.

B.In1856shereturnedtoEngland.

C.In1910shediedinLondon.

12.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthearticle?

A.ABritishSoldier.

B.ABritishMilitaryHospital.

C.AFamousBritishNurse.

【答案】

9.A10.B11.A12.C

【分析】

本文主要介紹了著名的英國護(hù)士——佛羅倫薩,南丁格爾.

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“In理51shetrainedasanurse.”可知,南丁格爾是一名護(hù)士。故選A。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Nightinga.ewrotetwobooksaboutnursingandshealsostartedaschooltotrainnurses.^^

可知，南丁格爾寫了兩本書。故選B。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“In1851shetrainedasanurse.TwoyearslatershewenttoaBritishmilitaryhospitalsothat

shecouldhelpBritishsoldiers”可知，1851她接受了護(hù)士培訓(xùn)，兩年后她去了英國軍隊(duì)醫(yī)院，A選項(xiàng)表述有

誤。故選A。

12.最佳標(biāo)題題。閱讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了著名的英國護(hù)士南丁格爾的事跡。故選C。

Passage4（2021?湖南永州?中考真題）

Canagreenmachinehelptheworld'spoorestkidslearnbetter?NicholasNegropontethinksso.Heandhis

teamofscientistshaveinventedanewtypeofputcr.Asaresult,manychildrenwholiveinpoverty(貧窮)will

havetheirownlaptopputers!

Negroponteworksatauniversity.HestartedagroupcalledOneLaptopPerChild(OLPC).Thepeopleat

OLPCdon'tworkfbrmoney.Theyworktohelpchildrenlearn.OLPCmakesputersthatdon'tcostalot.Thenthey

sellthemachinestogovernmentsofcountriesthathavemanypeopleliveinpoverty.Thegovernmentsthengive

theputestokidsfbrfree.

TheXOLaptopputersaremadeforschoolagedchildrenindevelopingnations.Manyofthesechildrenlivein

farawayareasandgotoschoolswithclassrooms.Inordertowork,(helaptopshavetobelastingand

studentfriendly.

Themachineshavemanyfuncharacterslikeabuiltinvideocamera,voicerecording,andgames.TheWiFilets

studentsshareinformationontheWebandreadebooks.Theyalsocanmakemusicandchatwithfricr.ds.

Anothergreatcharacteristhatitcanlastforalongtime.Itcanbehandchargedandalsocanberechargedby

connectingtoasolarpanel.BecauseofthesecharacterstheXOlaptopsmakelearningfunwhilehelpingthe

environment.

Theputershaveacolorfulname—“thegreenmachine”.Negropontethinkstheycouldmakeadifferenceinthe

livesofmillionsofkids.Hesays,“Everyproblemyoucanthinkof—poverty,peace,theenvironment—issolved

witheducation.^^

OLPCplanstogiveoutovertenmillionputersinthenextfewyears.KidsinThailand,Nigeria,Brazil,and

Argentinawillgetmostofthem.ChinaandEgyptalsowanttotakepartintheprogram.Afterthat,Negroponte

hopestosellputerstoothercountrieswithhighpoverty.

13.Negropontethinkshislaptopputerswillhelptheworld'spoorestkidsto.

A.workathomeB.gotoschoolontimeC.learnbetter

14.WhatcanweknowaboutthepeopleatOLPCaccordingtoParagraph2?

A.Theyworkformoney.

B.Theygiveputerstokidsforfree.

C.Theysellputerstogovernmentswithmanypeoplelivinginpoverty.

15.WhydoXOlaptopsmakelearningfunwhilehelpingtheenvironment?

A.Becausetheyarclastingandstudentfriendly.

B.Becausetheyarcmadeforschoolagedchildren.

C.Becausetheyhaveacolorfulname.

16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“charged”meaninChinese?

A.攜帶B.充電C.使用

17.Whowillgetmostoftheputersin(henextfewyears?

A.KidsinThailand.B.KidsinChina.C.KidsinEgypt.

【答案】

13.C14.C15.A16.B17.A

【分析】

本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了Negroponte和他的科學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)明了一種新型電腦，這個綠色機(jī)器能幫助世

界上貧窮的孩子更好地學(xué)習(xí)。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題“根據(jù)"Canagreenmachinehelptheworld\poorestkidslearnbetter?NicholasNegropontethinks

so.Heandhisteamofscientistshaveinventedanewtypeofputer.W知，Negroponte認(rèn)為他的電腦可以幫助最

窮困的孩子更好的學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“OLPCmakesputersthatdon'tcostalot.Thentheysellthemachinesto

governmentsofcountriesthathavemanypeopleliveinpoverty.Thegovernmentsthengivethepulestokidsfor

free.”可知，他們把這些電腦賣給那些有很多人生活在貧困中的國家的政府。然后政府將這些計(jì)算機(jī)免費(fèi)提

供給孩子們。故選C。

camera...Theyhcmachineshavemanyfuncharacterslikeabuiltinvideocamera...Theyalsocanmakemusicand

chatwithfriends."和"Anothergreatcharacteristhatitcanlastforalongtime”可知，因?yàn)檫@種機(jī)器持續(xù)時(shí)間長，

而且可以供學(xué)生娛樂，所以有趣。故選A。

...also題。根據(jù)”...alsocanberechargedbyconnectingtoasolarpanel”可知,此處的“charged”指的是充電,故

選B。

17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OLPCplanstogiveoutovertenmillionputersinthenextfewyears.KidsinThailand.

Nigeria,Brazil,andArgentinawillgetmostofthem.泰國、尼日利亞、巴西和阿根廷的孩子將獲得其中

大部分，故選A。

Passage5（2021?湖北黃岡?中考真題）

YuanLongpingwasagreatscientistwhowasthefirstpersontodevelophybridrice（雜交水稻）.His

researchgreatlysolvedtheproblemofthefoodshortagemtheworld.

YuanLongpingstartedtheresearchin1964.Heputforwardtheideaofhybridrice,didexperiments（實(shí)驗(yàn)）

onthefarm,andsucceededin1973.ThenewtechnologywastestedinmanyareasofSouthChinain1974,and

thenhecontinuedtotestitinotherareas.Chinahasbeethefirstcountrythatcanproducehybridrice.Yuanmadeit

possibletogrowhybridriceinlargeamounts,andhewascalled"FatherofIlybridRice”.

Besidesbeingarespected（受人尊重的）scientist,hewasalsoaromantichusbandandacaringgrandfather.

Yuan'sgranddaughtersrememberedthatwhenhetraveledtoHongKong,hewantedtobuyhiswifeanew

watch,butitwastooexpensive,soheboughtacandyinstead.Whenhewas90yearsold,hisfamilyheldabirthday

pany.Hundredsofpeoplecametotheparly.Therewasamovingmoment:Yuancut（hefirstpieceofcakeand

immediatelygaveittohiswife.TheyalsosaidthattheirgrandfatherpaidmuchattentiontotheirEnglishandmath

studies.Nomatterhowtiredhewasafterwork,hewouldstillaskabouttheirstudies.

YuanLongpinglovedplayingtheviolin,swimminganddriving.What'smore,hehadaspecialhabitplaying

Mahjong（麻將）withfriendsfbranhoureveryevening（otrainhisbrain.Justlikemonpeople,thescientistlaughed

whenhewonanddidn'thidehisdisappointmentwhenhelost.Whenhisrequirement（請求）tobuildaresearch

centerwasagreedto,hewasveryexcited.

ThisisYuanLongping:anordinary（普通的）personwhomadegreatachievements.

18.YuanLongpingdevelopedhybridriceinorderto.

A.testhisideainallareasB.buildaresearchcenter

C.makehimselffamousinChinaD.solvetheproblemofthefoodshortage

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"putfbrward“meaninthepassage?

A.提出B.質(zhì)疑C.猜測D.捕捉

20.YuanLongpingboughtforhiswifeinHongKongallast.

A.awatchB.acandyC.acakeD.aviolin

21.Fromthepassage,wccanlearnthat.

A.YuanLongpingtestedthenewtechnologyinotherareasin1964

B.onYuanLongping^90lhbirthday,hecutthefirstpieceofcakeforhimself

C.YuanLongpingpaidmuchattentiontohisgranddaughters'Englishandmathstudies

D.YuanLongpingwasgoodathidinghisfeelingswhenheplayedMahjong

22.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.YuanLongping'sdifferenthobbies.

B.AgreatbutmonscientistYuanLongping.

C.Thescientificprocesstoproducehybridrice.

D.ThecloserelationshipofYuanLongping'sfamily.

【答案】

18.D19.A20.B21.C22.B

【分析】

本文向我們介紹了“雜交水稻之父”一袁隆平，他是一位偉大而普通的科學(xué)家。

18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Hisresearchgreatlysolvedtheproblemofthefoodshortageintheword”可知，他的研

究大大解決了世界糧食短缺的問題，故選D。

19.詞義猜測題。分析“Heputforwardtheideaofhybridrice,didexperiments（實(shí)驗(yàn)）onthefarm,andsucceeded

in1973”可知，他提出了雜交水稻的想法，并在農(nóng)場上進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)，并于1973年取得了成功。此處putforward

的意思是“提出”，故選A。

20.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“soheboughtacandyinstead”可知，袁隆平最后在香港給他的妻子買了一塊糖果，故

選B。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheyalsosaidthattheirgrandfatherpaidmuchattentiontotheirEnglishand:nathstudies.”

可知，袁隆平很關(guān)注他們的英語和數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。

22.主旨大意題。本文向我們介紹了“雜交水稻之父”——袁隆平，他是一位偉大而普通的科學(xué)家。故選B。

Passage6（2021?山東東營?中考真題）

GalileoGalileiwasborninPisa,Italy,in1564.Hisfathertaughtmusicwhilehismothercaredforkidsat

home.Thefamilywasnotwealthy,butGalileo'sparentspaidfbrhimtogotoschool.

AtfirstGalileoplannedtobeeadoctor,buthechangedhismind.Helikedadifferentkindof

science—physics,inGalileo'stime,notmuchwasknownabouthowobjectsmoved.Centuriesearlier,aGreek（希

臘人）namedAristotlehadwrittendownhisideasaboutmovements,andeveryoneseemedtobelievethem.Galileo

questionedthoseideasanddidexperiments（實(shí)驗(yàn)）thalshowedhowthingsreallyworked.Forexample,Aristotle

thoughtthataheavierobjectwouldfallfasterthanalighteroneofthesamesizeandshape.Noonehadeverreally

testedthisidea.Itjustseemedtobetrue.ThenGalileocamealong,droppedtwoballsfromahightower,and

discoveredthattheyhitthegroundatthesametime!

Inlateryears,Galileobecameinterestedinhowthestarsandplanetsmove.Hewatchedtheskywitha

telescope（望遠(yuǎn)鏡）hebuilthimself.Onceagain,hesawthingsnoonehadeverseenbefore.Forexample,hesaw

thatthemoonwasnotsmooth.Thenhenoticedthatthesunhadspots（斑點(diǎn)）thatseemedtomove.Galileorealized

fromhisobservations（觀察）thaltheearthwasmovingaroundthesun.APolish（波蘭的）scientistnamed

Copernicushadsaidthisrecently,butnoonebelievedhim.GalileoknewthatCopernicuswasright.Unluckily,

Galileo'sannouncementgothimintotroublewiththeCatholicChurch.TheCatholicChurchsaidthattheearthwas

atthecenteroftheuniverse（宇宙）withthesuntravelingaroundit.Thiswaswhatpeoplehadlongbelieved,but

Galileosaiditwasuntrue.Sohewassenttoprison（監(jiān)獄）.Hewassoonsetfree,butfortherestofhislifehehad

toslayinhishouseandyard.

Galileodiedin1642,buthisworkhelped（ochange（heworld.Heissometimescalledthefatherofmodern

science,becauseheshowedushowimportantitistolookcarefullyatthingsandtotestoutideaswithexperiments.

23.BothGalileoandCopernicusbelievedthat.

A.twoobjectsfallatthesamespeed

B.themoonissmooth

C.theearthgoesaroundthesun

D.theearthisthecenteroftheuniverse

24.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat.

A.Galileo'sparentsdidn'tvaluetheeducation

B.allofAristotle'sideaswereprovedtobewrong

C.GalileoknewCopernicusandexchangedletterswithhim

D.theCatholicChurchwasverypowerfulinGalileo'stime

25.WhileGalileostayedathomeinhislateryears,hemostprobably.

A.learnedtoplaymusic

B.begantopracticemedicine

C.continuedwithhisscienceexperiments

D.wrotebooksonmodernscience

26.Accordingtothispassage,Galileoiscalled"thefatherofmodemscience"becausehe.

A.wasbravetofightagainstthechurch

B.questionedotherscientists!ideas

C.builtatelescopetolookatthestarsandplanets

D.madecarefulobserxationsandtestedhisideas

27.Whichwouldbeagoodtitleforthispassage?

A.Mysteriesintheuniverse

B.Galileo,fatherofmodernscience

C.Tsittrue?”一Differentideasinscience

D.Greatmindssavedtheworld

【答案】

23.C24.D25.C26.D27.B

【分析】

這是一篇記敘文，文章講述伽利略通過觀察用實(shí)驗(yàn)證明世人的想法和觀點(diǎn)是否正確，被人們成為“現(xiàn)代科學(xué)

之父

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Galileorealizedfromhisobsenaticnsthattheearthwasmovingaroundthe

sun....GalileoknewthatCopernicuswasright”可知伽利略通過觀察意識到地球是繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)的,哥白尼也這

樣認(rèn)為，伽利略知道哥白尼是對的。可知二人都認(rèn)為地球是繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)的。故選C。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Galileo'sannouncementgothimintotroublewiththeCatholicChurch.TheCatholic

Churchsaidthattheearthwasatthecenteroftheuniversewiththesuntravelingaroundit...Sohewassentto

prison,?可知伽利略的宣言和天主教的看法起了沖突，后來被判入獄?？芍熘鹘淘诋?dāng)時(shí)很有勢力。故選D。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Galileoquestionedthoseideasanddidexperimentsthatshowedhowthingsreally

worked”及第三段"fbrtherestofhislifehehadtostayinhishouseandyard”伽利略詢問這些想法，做實(shí)驗(yàn)證明

這些想法是否奏效，伽利略在生命晚期仍待在家，可知伽利略最有可能繼續(xù)做他的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選C。

26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Heissometimescalledthefatherofmodemsciencebecauseheshowedushow

importantitistolookcarefullyatthingsandtotestoutideaswithexperiments”他被稱為“現(xiàn)代科學(xué)之父”是因?yàn)?/p>

他問大家顯示仔細(xì)觀察事物，用實(shí)驗(yàn)測驗(yàn)自己的想法的重要性。故選D。

27.標(biāo)題概括題。根據(jù)最后一段“hisworkhelpedtochangetheworld.Heissometimescalled（hefatherofmodem

science11becauseheshowedushowimportantitistolookcarefullyatthingsandtotestoutideaswi:h

experiments”可知文章講述伽利略通過觀察用實(shí)驗(yàn)證明世人的想法和觀點(diǎn)是否正確，被人們成為“現(xiàn)代科學(xué)之

父”。標(biāo)題可概括為"Galileo,fatherofmodemscience”。故選B。

Passage7（2021?湖南長沙?中考真題）

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MartinStrelisaswimmer,bestknownforswimmingtheworld'sbigrivers.Hewasbomin1954.Hetaught

himselftoswimwhenhewassixandbecameaprofessional（職業(yè)的）swimmerin1978.MartinholdsGuinness

WorldRecordsforswimmingtheDanubeRiver,theMississippiRiver,theYangtzeRiverandtheAmazonRiver.

Ofallhisachievements,thegreatestishisAmazonRiverswim.TheAmazonisknownasthelargestandmost

dangerousriverintheworld.Severalswimmershadtriedtoswimit,butallfailed.Martindecidedtogoalloutand

makehistory.Hewantedtoshowtheworldthatpeoplecouldachievetheirdreamswithhardworkand

perseverance（毅力）.OnApril7th,2007,MartinStrelpletedhisAmazonRiverallthewayfromAtalaya（Peru）to

theAtlanticOceanatBelem（Brazil）.Hestruggled（奮戰(zhàn)）withtheriverfor66daysandswam3,274milesintotal.

Hebecameaworldwidehero.

Manypeoplestillcannotbelievewhathehasdonesofar,sothatiswhytheysometimesdescribehimas

“Fishman”,“HumanFish”oreven“theCraziestManintheWorld”.

In2009,Americanfilmmakersproducedadocumentary（紀(jì)錄片）calledBigRiverMan.Andthebook,The

ManWhoSwamtheAmazon,hasbeensoldinmanycountries.Ittellsusaninspirationalstoryofperseveranceand

hardwork,whichhasencouragedmanypeople.

Martindoesn'tswimformoney.Instead,heswimstoteachpeopleabouttheimportanceofkeepingwater

clean.

Martinhasalwaysbeenlookingforthechallenges（挑戰(zhàn)）oftheimpossible.Whatishisnext?

28.HowdidMartinleantoswimwhenhewaslittle?

A.Bywatchinghispartners.B.Bylearningfromacoach.C.Byteachinghimself.

29.WhatisMartin'sgreatestachievementsofar?

A.SwimmingtheYangtzeRiver.B.SwimmingtheAmazonRiver.C.SwimmingtheMississippiRiver.

30.Whatdocstheunderlinedword"inspirational"meaninParagraphFive?

A.鼓舞人心的B.心灰意冷的C.栩栩如生的

31.Accordingtothetext,whichisthepurposeofMartinswimmingthebigrivers?

A.Tomakealotofmoneyforagoodliving.

B.To（eachpeopletheimportanceofkeepingwalerclean.

C.Toproduceexcitingdocumentariesandbestsellingbooks.

32.Whatcanbethebesttitle（標(biāo)題）ofthetext?

A.SwimforFunB.ChallengetheImpossibleC.FightforJobs

【答案】

28.C29.B30.A31.B32.B

【分析】

本文是一篇記敘文，講述了游泳健將馬丁?斯特爾在克服了各種困難的情況下，暢游世界各大河的故事。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“Hetaughthimselftoswimwhenhewassix”可知,他是自學(xué)游泳的。故選C。

29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“Ofallhisachievements,thegreatestishisAmazonRiverswim”可知，他最偉大的

成就是游過亞馬遜河。故選B。

30.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)原文“whichhasencouragedmanypeople”可知，這是一個鼓舞人心的故事，故inspirational

有“鼓舞人心”之意。故選A。

31.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文"Instead,heswimstoteachpeopleabouttheimportanceofkeepingwaterclean”可知，

他游泳是為了教會人們保持水體清潔的重要性。故選B。

32.最佳標(biāo)題。通讀全文可知，本文是一篇記敘文，講述了游泳健將馬丁?斯特爾在克服了各種困難的情況

下，暢游世界各大河的故事。故選B。

Passage8（2021?江蘇鹽城,中考真題）

DerekRedmond

itwas(heOlympicGamesinBarcelonain1992;thesemifinalofthe400metres.Thesunwasshiningandthe

crowdwerereadyforagreatrace.TheBritishathleteDerekRedmondwasatoprunner:hehadaverygoodchance

ofwinningamedal.

Theracebegan.Atfirst,Derekwasrunningwell.Then,afterabout150metres,hefeltapaininhisleg.Hefell

dov/nononeknee.Hehadabadinjuryandcouldn'tcarryon.Theotherrunnerswentpasthimandfinishedthe

race.

Afteraboutfiveseconds.Derekgotupandstartedtorunagain,ononelegonly.Someorganizerstriedtostop

himbuthekeptgoing.Thecrowdstoodupandstartedloclap.Thenanothermancameontothetrack—Derek's

father,Jim.Hisfatherputhisarmaroundhimandsaid,“Derek,youdon'thavetodothis."Derekreplied,t4Yes,I

do.Ihavetofinish."Andsotogethertheywalkedthelast50metresandcrossedtheline.

Whenhefinallycrossedtheline,Derekwascryingand60,000peoplewerecheeringhim.

GerlindeKaltenbrunner

Inthesummerof2010,mountaineerGerlindeKaltenbrunnerwasalmostat(helopofamountaincalledK2in

Nepal.Shewastryingtoclimb(he8,6ihnetremountainforthefifthtimeandthislimeshewasclimbingwithher

friendFredrikEricsson,

itwasabout7o'clockinthemorninganditwassnowingalittle.Thetwoclimbersweregettingreadytogo

upthelast400metres.FredrikwastryingtoticsomeropebutheslippedandfellpastGerlinde.Hefell1,000

metresandwaskilled.

▲K2wasnowaverysadplaceforher,andshethoughtperhapsshewouldneverclimbthemountain.

Buttherewassomethingveryimportantthatshewantedtodo:K2isoneof14mountainsintheworldthatarc

8,000metesorhigher,andherdreamwastoclimbthemall.

SoinAugust2011shewentbacktoNepalandK2,andtriedagain.Thistime,shegottothetop.Herdream

wasplete.

33.Whatinformationismentionedinthefirststory?

A.ThetimeDerekspentontherace.

B.ThepersonwhocrossedthelinewithDerek.

C.ThespeedDerekranforthefirst150meters.

D.ThenamesoftherunnerswhowentpastDerek.

34.Whichof(hefollowingcanbeputin.

A.GerlindewentbackiobasecampB.Gerlindewentonclimbing

C.GerlindetiedsomeropetotherocksD.Gerlindewantedtotryagain

35.Whatdidthetwomaincharactershaveinmon?

A.TheybothcamefromBritain.

B.Theybothfailedthe400mctrcrace.

C.Theybothhadthedreamtoclimbhighmountains.

D.Theywerebothbravepeoplewhodidn'tgiveup.

36.Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellus?

A.Themostimportantthingis(owinIherace.

B.Whenthingsgowrong,vvemuststopatonce.

C.Whenwestartsomething,wcshouldtrytofinish.

D.Wcshouldn'tstartaraceifwcthinkwccan'twin.

【答案】

33.B34.A35.D36.C

【分析】

本文通過講述運(yùn)動員DerekRedmond在比賽時(shí)腿傷復(fù)發(fā)，但是他還是堅(jiān)持沖向了終點(diǎn)線，和登山家Gerlinde

Kakenbrunner在登山時(shí)失去了自己的好朋友，但是她還是仍然克服了自己的心理障礙實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。

33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Andsotogethertheywalkedthelast50metresandcrossedtheline”可知，第一個故事里

提到了和Derek一起沖向終點(diǎn)的人，也就是他的爸爸，故選B。

34.句意猜測題。根據(jù)上一段“He頸1,000metresandwaskilled”可知在第一次攀爬中,失去了朋友,所以

她回到了大本營，A選項(xiàng)“Gerlinde回到了大本營”符合，故選A,

35.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，這兩個人的共同特點(diǎn)都是遇到了某些困難，但是最終都沒有放棄，故選Do

36.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者想通過運(yùn)動員DerekRedmond和登山員GeHindeKalterbrunner的勵

志故事告訴我們，當(dāng)我們開始某件事時(shí)，應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持完成，而不要中途放棄，故選C。

Passage9（2021?湖北武漢?中考真題）

Thinkofsomebodyyoureallyadmire.Youwillprobablyfindtliattheirsuccessdidn'tceasily.As“Fatherof

HybridRice（雜交水稻）”,YuanLongpinggotovergreatdifficultiesandspenthiswholelifeworkingtoreduce

worldhungerandhelpingtofeedthecountrywiththelargestpopulation.

WuMengchao,the“FatherofChineseHepatobiliarySurgery（肝膽夕卜科）“，focusedonsavingpeople'slives

fornearlyeightyyears.Heperformedmore（han16.000operationsduringhislife.Holdingthesurgeon'sknifefbr

suchalongtimedefoimedhisfingers.Wuoncesaid,“ItwouldmygreatesthappinessifIcouldworkatthe

operatingtableuntilmydyingday.^^

In1969,inordertosolvetheproblemoftreatingmalaria（瘧疾），TuYouyou,phaimacologist（藥學(xué)家）tookon

thejobasheadofaresearchteam.Sheandherteammatesperformeddifferentkindsofexperiments.Howe