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專題09主旨大意題

目錄

01知識(shí)騰圖?學(xué)科框架速建

02考點(diǎn)精析?知識(shí)能力全解

【知能解讀01】主旨大意題五年高考考情統(tǒng)計(jì)

【知能解讀02】主旨大意題五年高考考情解讀

【知能解讀03】主旨大意題五年高考考點(diǎn)分類

【知能解讀04】主旨大意題五年高考選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)

【知能解讀05】閱讀理解滿分突破思維導(dǎo)圖

03攻堅(jiān)指南?高頻考點(diǎn)突破

【重難點(diǎn)突破01】段落大意題

【重難點(diǎn)突破02】段落大意跟蹤訓(xùn)練

【重難點(diǎn)突破03】文章大意題

【重難點(diǎn)突破04】文章大意題跟蹤訓(xùn)練

04避坑錦囊?易混易錯(cuò)診療

【易混易錯(cuò)01】標(biāo)題概括題(記敘文)

【易混易錯(cuò)02】標(biāo)題概括題跟蹤訓(xùn)練

【易混易錯(cuò)03]標(biāo)題概括題(說明文)

【易混易錯(cuò)04]標(biāo)題概括題跟蹤訓(xùn)練

【易混易錯(cuò)05】標(biāo)題概括題(議論文)

【易混易錯(cuò)06】標(biāo)題概括題跟蹤訓(xùn)練

05通法提煉?高頻思維拆解

【方法技巧01】閱讀主旨大意題答題誤區(qū)

【方法技巧02】閱讀主旨大意題誤區(qū)應(yīng)對(duì)

【方法技巧03】閱讀主旨大意題滿分策略

知識(shí)腦圖?學(xué)科框架速建

主旨大意題知識(shí)腦圖?學(xué)科框架

《主旨大意明五年高考考情統(tǒng)計(jì))

d主旨大意題五年高考考情解讀)

3立則)■(主旨大意題才年育考考點(diǎn)分類)

y主旨大意題五年離考選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn))

1(閱讀理解滿分突破的思維導(dǎo)圖)

r(段落大意題)

麗T世落大急題觸訓(xùn)練口

3文堂大意題)

q文章大意題跟蹤訓(xùn)練

主旨大意題/標(biāo)題概括題(記敘文)

d標(biāo)題概括題跟蹤訓(xùn)練)

《標(biāo)題概括題(說明文)]

避坑錦囊-

q標(biāo)題概括題跟琮訓(xùn)練)

q標(biāo)題概括題(議論文))

q標(biāo)題概括題跟蹤訓(xùn)練)

d閱讀主旨大意題答題誤區(qū))

通法咪1■[閱讀主旨大急題誤區(qū)應(yīng)對(duì))

[閱讀主旨大怠題滿分策略)

考點(diǎn)精祈?知識(shí)能力全解

知惋解接Loi主旨大意題五年高考考情統(tǒng)計(jì)

卷別細(xì)節(jié)理解題猜測(cè)詞義題推理判斷題主旨大意題

2025全國一卷7161

2025全國二卷8142

2024新課標(biāo)I卷9141

2024新課標(biāo)II卷9141

2024全國甲卷7161

2023新課標(biāo)I卷6171

2023新課標(biāo)II卷6171

2023全國甲卷8151

2023全國乙卷5181

2022新課標(biāo)I卷8241

2022新課標(biāo)II卷8241

2022全國甲卷8133

2022全國乙卷10131

2021新課標(biāo)I卷8142

2021新課標(biāo)H卷11121

2021全國甲卷5181

2021全國乙卷6162

【02主旨大意題五年高考考情解讀

主旨大意題是閱讀理解中考生失分最多的題目,因?yàn)樵擃愵}目不僅考查考生略讀文章、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意的能

力,也對(duì)考生的歸納、概括能力提出了較高的要求。題型主要包括標(biāo)題歸納題、文章大意題和段落大意題。

該類題目在文章中沒有明顯的解題依據(jù),需要考生從文章中找出一些關(guān)鍵詞、信息句進(jìn)行加工概括,才能歸納

出文章的主旨。

2.題型特點(diǎn)

主旨大意題考查的是對(duì)文章內(nèi)容深層次的理解、概括能力,它要求在充分理解全文的前提下,對(duì)整篇文

章的主旨大意有?個(gè)較為清晰的臼象。標(biāo)題歸納類要求學(xué)生選出文章的最佳標(biāo)題,文章大意題和段落大意題

考查文章或段落的主旨大意。

3.選材特點(diǎn)

張冠李戴是原文信息,但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容

無中生有符合生活常識(shí),但不是該文章的內(nèi)容

曲解文意極其相似但是細(xì)節(jié)處與原文有些出入

顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相涇庭或完全相反

正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確,部分和原文錯(cuò)誤

以偏概全范圍過于狹窄,僅闡述文章的局部信息

知惋解篌([05閱讀理解滿分突破思維導(dǎo)圖

文章首尾段文章大意和標(biāo)題

英文原版書并

兩個(gè)文拿出處段落首尾處的占75%

國外期刊網(wǎng)站

過渡轉(zhuǎn)折處but.howevcr^

十處

人與自我

命題位置因果關(guān)系處bccausc.so.therefbrc等

人與社會(huì)三大盤語境

命叩K顆AV材J料T-T舉例說明處forcxjmplr.such▲'等

人與自熱

翩標(biāo)點(diǎn)處皆號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)

應(yīng)用文(必考)

四種語篇類型漢語提示處

尤其調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)

說明文(必考)結(jié)論建議處

find5how.indicate.suggescAj

記敘文(??糒

體現(xiàn)感忖母彩的動(dòng)詞和形建詞

議論文(較少)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度處

祈使句、息嘆句等科殊句式

理解主旨要義

表目的的不定式處需用why提問

理解文中具體信息六點(diǎn)

能力要求、

根據(jù)上下文推斷單句和接港的含義與原文相同(尤其A篇)

根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容作出判斷和推理正確選項(xiàng)同義轉(zhuǎn)換,正話反說,反話正說

閱讀■■

理解文章的晟本結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)信息點(diǎn)的就括

理解作者的宏圖、觀生和方度無中生有(最多)

選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)偷梁換柱(較多)

張廷宇找(較多)

主旨大*題

干擾項(xiàng)薇倒是非

詞句―

四種

以偏梃全

約節(jié)理解題試題類型

過于絕對(duì)(含only.ncvcr.nl)等)

非理科斯題范國力維(在國獷大或縮?。?/p>

一定讀題干.磺定定位司(專有名何、

題序與文中信息先后相同命題依照*5序

縮略詞、效詞等)

一般是一段一題,大致均勻考點(diǎn)分布均勻三條

_畦用定位詞.據(jù)命題膻序、分布均勻

A、B、C、I)的個(gè)敷鈍等我大致用等答案命題規(guī)律解題步驟一找規(guī)律,在文中找到信息句

個(gè)軟均等

二比較

一將信息句與各選里比較,選出正舄答案

攻堅(jiān)指南?高頻重難點(diǎn)突破

我雍支突破?:01段落大意題

1.題型解讀

段落大意題主要考查考生用準(zhǔn)確的、簡(jiǎn)練的語言把一個(gè)段落的主要意思明確而完整地表達(dá)出來的能力。

考生在做題時(shí)要特別注意“首尾兼顧”,即所問段落的首句和尾句。一是因?yàn)樗鼈兺w現(xiàn)主旨要義,二是

因?yàn)槔眠@些信息可以迅速提煉段落結(jié)構(gòu)框架,在框架下的主旨判斷,其準(zhǔn)確性更高。

2.思維導(dǎo)圖

跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2025全國二卷第34題)主題句在段中

[1JDoesyoursouldiealittleeverytimeyouthrowawayunusedfood?Minedoes....

[2]Foodwasteisagrowingconcernintherestaurant,supermarket,andsupplychainindustries....

[3]FortwoweeksinMarch,GreenwichVillage'sBlueHillrestaurantwasrenamedwastED,andserveditems

likefriedskatecartilage,ajuicepulpburger,andadumpsterdiver'svegetablesalad.Eachdishwastailor-madeto

raiseawarenessregardingfoodwaste.

f4]AstudybytheFoodWasteAlliancedeterminedthattheaveragerestaurantgenerates33poundsoffood

wastefbrevery$1,000inrevenue(收入),andofthatwasteonly15.7%isdonatedorrecycled...

I5]ltshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonwastED'smenuwastechnicallymadefromgarbage.Instead,all

theingredients(配料)usedwereexamplesofmeatcutsandproducethatmostrestaurantswouldnever

considerservingThingslikekaleribs,fishcollars,rejectedsweetpotatoes,andcucumberbuttswereallre-

appropriatedand.withthehelpofanumberofgoodchefs,turnedintoexcellentcuisine.

[6]ThoughwastEDreceivedenthusiasticreviews,itwasdesignedfromthestartasashort-livedexperiment...

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Whytheingredientswereused.B.Whichdisheswerebestliked.

C.Whatthedishesweremadeof.D.Wheretheingredientswerebought.

跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2024新課標(biāo)I卷第26題)沒有出現(xiàn)主題句

[1]“amnotcrazy,''saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperibrmingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.UIam

aheadofmy...

[2]Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian....

|3]LcighTindalc'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalcsays,she

waspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber'streatmentneasedhersufferingsomuchthatshewasableto

keephimaliveforanadditionalfheAndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse.Nappy,“movesmore

easilyandridesmorecomfortablv:/^rachiropracticadiustment.

l4]FarberiscertainthatthehzMisticapproaphvvillgrowtnorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,

hemayberight.../

26.Whatdoesparagraply?main夕流kabout?

A.StepsofacJjiroiKXuctreatment.

B.ThecoginJe^ityofveterinarians,work.

C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.

D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.

跟蹤訓(xùn)練3(2023全國乙卷第32題)主題句在段首

(1]Ifyouwardlolellthehistoryof[hewholeworld,ahisloryihaldoesnolprivilegeonepariofhumanily,you

cannotdoitthroughlexisalone,becauseonlysomeof〔heworldhaseverhadlexis、whilemostof(heworld,formost

o「lhelime,hasnol.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有

文字的)societiesrecorded(heirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbulinthings.

[21Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodo

justthat,butinmanycases“—implycan't....

[3]Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearcvictoriesaccidentallyor

deliberatelytwisted,esp^iallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite....

32.Whatisthefirstpanigraphmainlyabout?

A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.

C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.

W章支突破,:03文章大意題

1.命題特點(diǎn)

文章中的每一段都是圍繞某一主題展開的,把每個(gè)段落的主題句綜合起來就可以概括出全文的中心思

想。該題型主要是測(cè)試考生對(duì)一篇文章的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求

考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ),能較好地運(yùn)用概拈、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法,對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概拈或

總結(jié),屬于高層次題。

2.設(shè)問方式

l.Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/(hepassage/text?

2.Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?

3.Whatis(hepassage/textmainlyabout?

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocuson?

3.思維導(dǎo)圖

①新聞報(bào)道和調(diào)谷研究類文堂主

日通常在開頭部分

主22句在②如首段主型K,J審吉精燥,中間

文帝開頭段齊角度說明坡論證.且與尾段

主3名川平成,則首段主題創(chuàng)J超合

文主底旬

主題句在火敘典議類記敘文文末的墳論部

文末—*分陷含主四句

主SB句在文章首段是舉例封或談?wù)搨€(gè)別現(xiàn)

中間股依時(shí).主冏句叫J在后面的段落

主幽句需主?和不明確時(shí).歸納期一段主

歸納題句,儺臺(tái)為全文大起:

最后現(xiàn)點(diǎn)文章中出現(xiàn)的兩種,戊以上的不問

為主句觀點(diǎn).則文津最后作者的觀點(diǎn)為

主要觀點(diǎn)

注意重文章中反反出現(xiàn)的詞一般就是體

復(fù)詞現(xiàn)主旨的關(guān)鍵訶

but.yctrhowever,although*by

留心奇專contrast,ontheconirary這世生i司

折詞語后的內(nèi)容往往是全文的人怠

利用逆向注和遭VW作他法.lit

逆向/排除選項(xiàng)中的怖誤選項(xiàng),確定正

除法確答案

4.答題策略

題型一:利用主題句在段首位置推敲段落大意

技巧點(diǎn)撥:說明文和議論文學(xué)會(huì)關(guān)注“首段〃和“段首"。借鑒"七選五"小標(biāo)題類型特點(diǎn),段首句統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段主旨

大意,由此推斷段落大意。

題型二:利用主題句在段中位置推敲段落大意

技巧點(diǎn)撥:有時(shí)主題句出現(xiàn)在段中某句,這就需要考生耐心閱讀揣摩段落各句之間內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系,確定主題

句位置,進(jìn)而明確段落主旨大意。

題型三:利用主題句在段尾位置推敲段落大意

技巧點(diǎn)撥:有時(shí)主題句出現(xiàn)在段尾,關(guān)注一些表征總結(jié)性,結(jié)論性的詞:inbrief/short,allinall,inconclusion,in

aword等,這些詞后面連接的通常是主題句。

題型四:利用段落沒有主題句推敲段落大意

技巧點(diǎn)撥:有時(shí)候段落沒有出現(xiàn)主題句,需要考牛.自己總結(jié)提煉,難度更大。

題型五:利用“總-分-總”結(jié)構(gòu)推敲語篇主旨大意題

技巧點(diǎn)撥:有時(shí)候段落沒有出現(xiàn)主題句,需要考生自己總結(jié)提煉,難度更大。

章雍支突破??)4文章大意題跟蹤訓(xùn)練

跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2024新課標(biāo)II卷第31題)

Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksof

travelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreduce

thejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuch

asahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyof

freshgreens.

Specifically,it'safarmthatrelicsonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotely

monitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,

itsignificantlyreduces(heamountofwalerneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,(hesystem

providesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod

(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit'seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransporting

plantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition.there'snoneedfbrpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfanns

andthesurroundingenvironment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Inside

theoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.

“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,saidaBMFemployee.

28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?

A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood.B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.

C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tablcdistance.D.Itrelicsonfarmer'smarkets.

29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?

A.Real-timeweatherchanges.B.Currentconditionoftheplants.

C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil.D.Availabilityofprc-sccdcdpods.

30WhnfcanheconcludedaboutRMFemployees?

A.Theyhaveagreatpassionfcrsports.

B.Theyaredevotedtocommunitysen-ice.

C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.

DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.

31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMF'smajorstrengths.B.BMF'sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF'sglobalinfluence.D.BMF'stechnicalstandards.

跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2022全國甲卷第31題)

AsGinniBazlinionreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)

longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinni

wouldneverforget.

Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(職業(yè))asa

professionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurtherWhensheretiredfromdancingand

hersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygetting

workteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdeals

onshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego.thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmerican

mainland.justdecidedwantedtogo,“shesays.UIhadnoideaaboutwhatI'dfindthereandIwasn'tnervous,I

justwantedtodoit.And1wantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”

InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe'dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowards

Antarctica.uFromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftan

impressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.UIrememberthefirsttime1sawahumpbackwhale;itjust

roseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperatic

soundsitwasmakingunderwater.”

Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathit

hometoGinni.

28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.

C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.

29.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?

A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenciy.

C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend'sinvitation.

30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?

A.Itcouldbeahomeforher.B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.

C.Itshouldbewellpreserved.D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.

C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.

避筑錦妻?易混易錯(cuò)診療

易混易箱,:01標(biāo)題概括題(記敘文)

L設(shè)題特點(diǎn)

記敘文標(biāo)題概括題題目要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合文章的體裁和結(jié)構(gòu),從所給的選項(xiàng)中選出適

合文章的標(biāo)題。注怠標(biāo)題的掙點(diǎn):精準(zhǔn)性、概括性和新穎性。此類標(biāo)題往往比較含蓄,有時(shí)候是文章反復(fù)

出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞,有時(shí)候是文章的線索詞。

2.思維導(dǎo)圖

"①一般會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度、

應(yīng)—概括的總結(jié)性的語言,且往往有

文一定的哲理性,所有的敘述都圍

繞該哲理展開

文4,②文章中有對(duì)某種物品或服務(wù)的,

個(gè)

文-詳盡介紹,使用具有明顯支持傾

關(guān)

點(diǎn)

注(向的語言

點(diǎn)

明’③寫作目的有賴于對(duì)文章的把握:

文閱讀時(shí)需要找準(zhǔn)主題句

(

議’④提出論點(diǎn)——進(jìn)行論證——得、

-出結(jié)論,作者的意圖往往隱含于

最后一部分中

3.解題策略

首先,關(guān)注文章首尾段,尤其是尾段往往是夾敘夾議主題升華部分,與標(biāo)題更有千絲萬縷關(guān)系。

其次,逐一研讀四個(gè)選項(xiàng),考慮范圍是否太大太小太偏,兼顧文章反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的線索詞,特別是名詞。

易思易精(:02標(biāo)題概括題跟蹤訓(xùn)練

跟蹤訓(xùn)練(2023新課標(biāo)II卷第27題)

Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.

Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramat

fourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,and

healthylifestyles.

Jaramillo'sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfood

restaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.4*Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoft

drinks,“shesays."Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawful.MThoughsomeare

initiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostarceagertotrysomethingnew.

UrbanSprouts'classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoil

testing,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,

studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.

Programevaluationsshowthatkidscatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.4tWchavestudentswhosay

theywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey'reeatingdifferently,Jaramillosays.

Sheaddsthattheprogram'sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthatthey

bringhomeseedstostart(heirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffect

onJaramillo'sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.4<Theygetoutside,“shesays,

“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”

24.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?

A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker.B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.

C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant.D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.

25.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?

A.Thekids'parentsdistrustedher.B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.

C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork.D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.

26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?

A.Far-reaching.B.Predictable.

C.Short-lived.D.Unidentifiable.

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletideforthetext?

A.RescuingSchoolGardensB.ExperiencingCountryLife

C.GrowingVegetableLoversD.ChangingLocalLandscape

%I廛JE103標(biāo)題概括題(說明文)

1.設(shè)題特點(diǎn)

思維品質(zhì)體現(xiàn)英語學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)的心智特征,而標(biāo)題概括題較好地反映了學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì),此類題旨在

考查考生通過閱讀文章正確獲取文章主旨,推斷文章的主題、標(biāo)題、段落大意、中心思想的能力,即考查考

生歸納概括以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力。它既考查閱讀理解能力,又考查深層次的推理、概括能

力。說明文在高考閱讀理解中占比較高,應(yīng)引起足夠注意。

2.思維導(dǎo)圖

X蝕M法——多次出現(xiàn)的i司iff

域觀點(diǎn)是體現(xiàn)主旨的關(guān)鍵詞

主儂句法-----依主3句定中心詞

運(yùn)用大穿珠連串法——從文章細(xì)節(jié)中

4—

技巧找共同點(diǎn).如同穿珠般.中聯(lián)細(xì)

節(jié)共1司點(diǎn).嘶定標(biāo)題

逆向思維法——考慮四個(gè)選項(xiàng)

的可?能內(nèi)容.對(duì)照原文.最相似

者為政住標(biāo)題

概括柚準(zhǔn)

硼合標(biāo)題

—統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文

3大特點(diǎn)

解目前地

慨括泄:剛窄.只含某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)

川田珠3種,

—概括范川寬.每出文章內(nèi)容

干擾項(xiàng)

包含?文中未提及的信息

3.解題策略

首先,特別關(guān)注說明文“倒三角形”結(jié)構(gòu),重視文章首段主題引領(lǐng)作用.

其次,如果首段較長(zhǎng)的話,重視but,now.however往往是文章核心話題。

第三,除了“首段”還應(yīng)注意每段“段首”可能是本段主題句,分要點(diǎn)。

第四,注意研讀標(biāo)題的話題與首段對(duì)照,排除法逐步縮小范圍去偽存真。

易思易精(:04標(biāo)題概括題跟蹤訓(xùn)練

跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2022全國甲卷第27題)首段首句概括文章主旨

Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-

recognitionabilitiestoahumantwoyearold.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveproved

skilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanut

insideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole“inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivediflerently

shaped“keys"tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrectt4key^^wouldletoutthenut.

Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryear

beforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmelrical(對(duì)稱的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewill

needlobelurnudinaspecificdirectionbulbrcilwillfitiscalledan"alloccnlriufranicufreference”.Inlliccxpcriiuciil,

Goffin'scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Where

trial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin'scockatoos

doindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjec

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