COLLEGEENGLISH新編大學(xué)英語第四版綜合教程4UnitPathwaytoprogress8ZHEJIANGOCEANUNIVERSITYFOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSReading2目錄contents新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8GetreadytoreadTextexploration

ReadandthinkReadandpractice

ReadandtranslateReading2目錄contents新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8GetreadytoreadReadandthinkTextexplorationReadandpractice

ReadandtranslateReading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8GetreadytoreadWatchforinformationProgresscomeswithsetbacks,problems,andevendisasters.Watchavideoclipaboutaclassof“magic”moleculesandcompletethediagram.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8GetreadytoreadWatchforinformationSolution1:a(n)1)__________Problem1:Foodspoiledinthesummertime.Solution2:agas-poweredsystemwithammoniaorsulfurdioxideasacoolantProblem2:Icewould2)________anddrip.Problem3:Thechemicalswere3)__________,smelledterribleandleaked.iceboxmeltpoisonousReading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8GetreadytoreadWatchforinformationSolution3:CFCsTheyhadneverexistedbefore.Theywerewildly4)__________,exceedingtheexpectationsoftheirinventors.Problem4:Theydidn’t5)_________afterweweredonewiththem;theyaccumulatedhighabovetheEarth.They6)________theprotectivelayeroftheEarth.successfulvanishthinnedReading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8GetreadytoreadWatchanddiscussDoyouknowwhathappenedafterpeoplerealizedthesideeffectofCFCsontheEarth’sozonelayer?Reflectingonthewholestoryoftheever-emergingproblemsandsolutions(seeabove),whatdoyouthinkofnewinventionsandtheunexpectedconsequences?Reading2Getreadytoread新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Sampleanswer:TheproductionofCFCswasbannedgloballyin2010undertheMontrealProtocol.Thisisatextbookexampleofinternationalcollaborationinaddressingtheclimatecrisis.Inrecentdecades,theozonelayerhasbeenontracktorecover,andwehavereasontobelievethatthingsareindeedgettingbetter.Thewholestory,however,isnotcompleteyet,andperhapsneverwillbe.Justaswecontinuallyinventnewwaystostorefood,runintonewproblems,andthencomeupwithnewsolutions,humanitykeepsmovingforwardinthesameway.Staycautiousbutneverlosethecourage—thisismyattitudetowardthisissue.Reading2目錄contents新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8ReadandthinkReadandpractice

ReadandtranslateTextexploration

GetreadytoreadReading2TextexplorationPre-readingquestionsStructure

VocabularyBackgroundinformationTextreading新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Reading2TextexplorationBackgroundinformationTextreadingVocabularyPre-readingquestionsStructure新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Reading2TextexplorationFrancisBaconwasalawyer,statesman,philosopher,andagreatwriter.HeservedasthelordchancellorofEnglandfrom1618to1621.Baconisfamousforhiswiseandpracticalessays.PeoplewhostudyhistoryrememberhimforhisstrongspeechesinParliamentandhisroleinimportanttrials.Asathinker,hebelievedinexploringallareasofknowledgeandpushedfornewwaystocontrolnaturetoimprovehumanlife.新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8BackgroundinformationFrancisBacon1561-1626TextexplorationTextreadingVocabularyBackgroundinformationStructurePre-readingquestions新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Reading2Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Pre-readingquestionsThisarticleadvocatesarenewedvisionofapositivefuture:atechnologicallyadvanced,sustainable,andharmoniousfuture,onethatwewanttoliveinandfeelinspiredtocreate.Whatelementsdoyouthinkwouldbeincludedinavisionforapositivefuture?Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Sampleanswer:OliviaInapositivefuture,smartcitiesarevital.Theyuse

cutting-edgetechnology

toimproveresidents’livesandensuresustainability.Keyelementsinclude

efficientpublictransport,likeelectricbusesandtrains,and

eco-friendlybuildings

withsmartenergysystems.Greenspacesenhanceurbanlife,while

data-drivendecision-making

improvescityservices.Everyonebenefitsfrom

high-speedinternetaccess,andrenewableenergypowerscityoperationssustainably.Advancedwatersystemsensureacleansupply,andsmartsafetymeasureskeepcommunitiessecure.Thesefeaturescreatea

thrivingandharmonious

urbanenvironment.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Inapositivefuture,educationforalliskey.Imagineeveryonehavingaccesstohigh-qualitylearning,withengagingmethodsthatmakestudyingfun.Everyonewouldhaveinternetaccess,bridgingthedigitaldivide.We’dhavediversesubjectsthatencouragecriticalthinkingandlifelonglearning.Plus,schoolswouldbesafeandsupportiveplaceswhereeveryonecanthrive.Thisvisionempowersusall.Inmyopinion,sustainabilityshouldbeincludedinthisvision.Inasustainablefuture,wefocusonusingrenewableenergylikesolarandwindtocutemissions.Wepracticerecyclingandreducewastetoconserveourresources.Citiesaredesignedwithenergy-efficientbuildingsandplentyofgreenspaces.Inthisway,wecreateathrivingworldforfuturegenerations.SophiaMaxSampleanswertoQuestion2:Reading2TextexplorationBackgroundinformationTextreadingPre-readingquestionsStructureVocabulary新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8Reading1TextexplorationStructureTheoptimismandprogressofpreviouscenturiesfacedobstacles,causingdoubtanddistrust.Theconceptofprogressaroseandwasreinforcedbydiscoveriesandinventions,inspiringoptimism.Anewphilosophyofprogressisadvocatedforthe21stcenturyanditsmajorprinciplesareproposed.Dividethepassageintothreepartsandmatcheachpartwithitscorrespondingmainidea.Section1(Paras.__-__):__Section2(Paras.__-__):__Section3(Paras.__-__):__145101115BACGlobalunderstandingReading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8TextexplorationDetailedunderstandingReadthepassageagainanddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Despitesomedifferences,ancientculturesalwaysinterpretedhistoricaldevelopmentinalinearmanner.Theeditorialpublishedin1901wasfullofsarcasmandexaggeration.Peopleoncewronglyexpectedthattechnologicalprogresscouldcurbthewar.Theskepticalviewheldbysomesocialactivistsinthe1960smaysoundharsh,butitwaswell-meaningandbeneficial._______________FFTF_____Reading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8TextexplorationDetailedunderstanding5.Theauthorthinkstheideaofprogressinthe20thcenturyexertedaworseinfluencethanthatinthe19thcentury.6.Anewphilosophyofprogressforthe21stcenturyshouldcorrectthepastmistakesandrevivetheoptimismofthe19thcentury.7.Thepassagemaintainsthattechnologicaldevelopmentinitselfdoesnotnecessarilyguaranteesocialandmoralprogress.8.Theauthorbelievesthatpeopleinthe21stcenturycouldpromotesocialprogressjustasBacononcedid._______________TTTT_____Reading2TextexplorationBackgroundinformationPre-readingquestionsVocabulary

StructureTextreading新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit81Theideaofprogressisamodernphenomenon.Manyancientculturesviewedhistoryasa

cyclical

patternofupsanddowns,orevenasastoryofdeclineand

deterioration:thepastasagoldenage,fromwhichwehavefallen.AncestorworshipbegantoweakeninEuropewiththevoyagesofdiscovery.Anentirecontinentwasdiscoveredthathadneverbeenmentionedintheclassictexts:Apparentlytheancientshadnotpossessedallknowledgeofconsequence.2FrancisBacon,forone,tookinspirationfromthis.Hewrotethat“Nobleinventionsmaybelyingatourveryfeet”—thatis,ifthesepossibilitieslayundiscoveredfromtimeimmemorial,whatelsemightbeoutthere,justwaitingtobefound?Baconandhiscontemporariesextrapolatedavisionofascientificandindustrialrevolution—perhapsthemostpowerfulvisiontoevermaterialize,althoughitsrealizationwouldtakecenturies.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit83Thecenturiesthatfollowedsawaseriesofinventionsthattransformedtheworld,includingtherailroad,thetelegraph,thetelephone,andthelightbulb.Progresswasnolongerapossibilityforphilosopherstotheorizeabout,butarealitybeingbroughtdailyintothehomesandlivesofordinarypeople.Theworldstartedtolaudasheroesthosewhodiscovered,invented,andbuilt,andgreatindustrialachievementsweremetwithecstatic,jubilantpubliccelebrations.SuchasentimentwasbestconveyedinaneditorialonJanuary1,1901:“Theworldisoptimisticenoughtobelievethatthetwentiethcentury…willmeetandovercomeallperilsandprovetobethebestthissteadilyimprovingplanethaseverseen.”Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit84Itseemedthattheoptimismhadbeenjustified.Afterall,Westernsocietyhadseentheabolitionofslavery,andnewinventionssuchasthetelegraphwereconnectingfar-flungpeoples,improvingcommunicationandhopefullypromotingmutualunderstanding.Themostoptimisticthinkersatthetimehopedthatthegrowthofindustryandprosperity,andtheexpansionoftradebetweennations,wouldleadtoanendtowar—aneweraofworldpeace.5Unfortunately,theworldwarsofthe20thcenturyviolentlydismantledsuchnaiveillusions.Technologyhadnotledtoanendtowar:Ithadmadewarevenmoreharrowinganddeadly.Ontopofthewars,theWesthadbeenthroughaneconomiccrashanddepression.Itseemedharderandhardertobelieveintherationalityofhumanbeings,orinthepredictabilityandcontrollabilityofnature.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit86

Whathadgonewrong?Howhadtheworldreachedsuchastate—justwheneverythingseemedtobegoingsowell?7Theideaofprogresshasalwayshaddetractors.Asearlyas1750,Rousseaudeclaredthat“theprogressofthesciencesandtheartshasaddednothingtoourtruehappiness,”pointingtoawholehostofproblemsassociatedwithmaterialprogress.Newtechnologieswereblamedforjoblossesandeconomicupheaval.Thenewindustrialeconomywasalsoseenasconcentratingwealthandpowerinanewelite,whilepovertyandinequalitypersisted.Eventheprosperitythathadbeencreatedcouldnotobviouslycontinue,asitwasbasedontheconsumptionoffiniteresources,nottomentionthatithadalsocausedseriouspollutionissues.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit88

Allinall,progress,itturnsout,isamultifacetedandintricateprocess.Sadlyenough,insteadofseeingpoverty,pollution,andwarasproblemstobesolvedthrougheconomicgrowthandtechnologicaldevelopment,theradicalsocialmovementsthatcametoprominenceinthe1960sembeddedinthepopulaceadeepdistrustoftechnologyandindustryassuch.Activistssaidthatwewerebecoming“disconnected”fromnatureandcommunities,thateconomicgrowthwasnotmakingushappierorhealthier,andthattherewereinherentlimitstogrowthitself.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit89Suchaskepticalviewhashadprofoundlyharmfulconsequences,dramaticallyimpedingmaterialprogressinrecentdecades.Someareas,tobesure,havecontinuedracingahead,suchascomputersandtheInternet.Butmanyotherareashavelaggedbehind,forexample,theConcordewasgrounded,andthenuclearpowerindustryhassuffereddeclineandstagnationfordecades.10The19th-centuryphilosophyofprogressmaysoundnaive,butthe20th-centuryreactionarymovementagainstprogresswasamistake—andthefatalismanddefeatismthataroseinthateraarenotawayforward.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit811Weneedanewphilosophyofprogressforthe21stcentury.Onethat

reaffirms

therealityandvalueofprogressandremindsusthatweareendowedwiththeagencytoshapethefuture.Butthemistakesofthepastarenottoberepeated.12First,progressdoesnoteasilycomeastheresultofacertaintheoryortechnology.Instead,itgraduallyunfoldswithourcarefulchoicesandconsistentefforts.Progresscomeswithcostsandrisks,whichwemustcontrol:pollution,healthhazards,economicupheaval,andwar,tonamebutafew.Andfuturetechnologies,suchasgeneticengineeringorartificialintelligence,mayposegreaterrisksstill.Safetymustbeconsideredakeygoalofprogress,evenasitforcestrade-offswithdevelopmentspeedandcost.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit813Second,moralprogressdoesnotautomaticallygohandinhandwithtechnologicalprogress.Oneofthedarkestlessonsofthe20thcenturywashowtechnologycouldbeusedtoenableempire,warsofconquest,andoppression.Wemustcontinuetofightagainsttheseevils,lest21st-centurytechnologybeusedtomagnifytheirilleffects.14Aboveall,weneedarenewedvisionofthefuture:atechnologicallyadvanced,sustainable,andharmoniousfuture,onethatwewanttoliveinandfeelinspiredtocreate.Afuturewherewecurediseasesandeveryoneenjoysahealthylifethroughadvancedmedicaltechnologyandbetterhealth-caresystems.Afutureofacleanandreliablelivingenvironmentsustainedbyrenewableenergysources.Afuturewherewejointlyaddressglobalthreatsandchallengesandfabricateabetterworldforall.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit815FrancisBaconinspiredgenerationsafterhimwithavisionofusefulknowledgeleadingtopracticalimprovementsinhumanlife—andhehadonlyahandfulofinventionstopointtoasexamplestoprovehiscase.Today,thecaseisfarstronger:Progressisnotatheoreticalpossibilityforthefuture,buttheestablishedrealityofthepastandthelivingpresent.Itsexamplesareliterallyallaroundus,fromthepavedroadsandconcretefoundationsbeneathourfeet,tothesteelgirdersandplateglasswindowssurroundingus,totheelectriclightingoverhead.Andtocommunicateourvision,wehavenotonlytheprintingpress,buttheInternet.IfBacondidit,socanwe.Reading2TextexplorationBackgroundinformationPre-readingquestionsVocabulary

StructureTextreading新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Reading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8TextexplorationVocabulary1.cyclical

a.(alsocyclic)happeningincycles循環(huán)的；周期的e.g.

Thestockmarketoftengoesthroughcyclicalpatternsofupsanddowns.?Relatedwords:cyclen.

循環(huán)；周期cyclically/cycliclyadv.循環(huán)地，周期地cyclicityn.循環(huán)性，周期性?Antonym:non-cyclicalReading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Textexploration?Practice:Mostofthethecountry’sproblemsarecyclicalandwilldisappearastheeconomicrecoverybegins.國家的大部分問題是周期性的，隨著經(jīng)濟復(fù)蘇的開始，這些問題將逐漸消失。航空業(yè)務(wù)具有很強的周期性，我們以前也見過這樣的低迷時期。②Theairlinebusinessishighlycyclicalandwehaveseenthesedownturnsbefore.Reading2Textexploration2.deterioration

n.[C,U]新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8thefactorprocessofbecomingworse惡化e.g.Humanactivitiesmightbecontributingtoecologicaldeterioration.?Relatedwords:deterioratevi.惡化；變壞deteriorative

adj.惡化的；退化的?Synonyms:decline,degradation,degenerationReading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8

?Collocations:gradualdeteriorationrapiddeteriorationmarkeddeteriorationenvironmentaldeteriorationclimaticdeteriorationvisualdeterioration逐漸惡化快速惡化環(huán)境惡化

氣候惡化視力減退明顯惡化Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8?Practice:Theprogramisintendedtopreventthesignificantdeteriorationofairquality.該計劃旨在防止空氣質(zhì)量的顯著惡化。Excessiveintakeofrefinedsugarleadstoearlydeteriorationofbraincells.過量攝入精制糖會導(dǎo)致腦細胞過早退化。Reading2Textexploration3.justify

vt.新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8giveanacceptableexplanationforsth.thatotherpeoplethinkisunreasonable證明（別人認為不合理的事）有道理；為……辯護e.g.Thereisnoneedforyoutojustifyyourselftomeortoanyoneelse,asyourdecisionsareultimatelyyourown.?Relatedwords:justified

adj.

有正當(dāng)理由的；合乎情理的justifiable

adj.

可辯解的，無可非議的justificationn.

理由；辯護justifier

n.

辯護者；辯解者Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8?Practice:Ican’treallyjustifytakinganotherdayoffwork.我真的找不出理由再多休一天假了。他試圖通過訴說他受到老板的不公正壓迫來為自己的行為辯解。Hetriedtojustifyhisbehaviorbysayingthathewasbeingpressuredunfairlybyhisboss.Reading2Textexploration4.abolition

n.[U]新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8theofficialendtoalaw,system,practice,etc.廢止；廢除e.g.Theabolitionofanimaltestinginthecosmeticindustryisavictoryforanimalrightsgroups.?Relatedwords:abolish

vt. 廢除，廢止?Synonyms:termination,ending,conclusionReading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8?Practice:Theabolitionofanimalexperimentationdoesnotmeanthatsocietywillhavetogiveupmedicalprogress.廢除動物實驗并不意味著社會必須放棄醫(yī)學(xué)進步。學(xué)生補助金的取消迫使許多學(xué)生在上學(xué)期間去打工。②Theabolitionofstudentgrantshasforcedmanystudentstotakeonjobsduringtermtime.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Textexploration5.dismantlevt.

e.g.Anactivelifestylecangraduallydismantletheoldhabitofisolation,restoringpeace,ease,andfreedom.takeapart;removepartsorpiecesof;reducethepowerof拆卸；拆開；削弱……的力量?Synonyms:disassemble,detach?Antonyms:assemble,constructReading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8?Practice:Shedismantledthewashingmachinetoseewhattheproblemwas,butcouldn’tputitbacktogetheragain.她拆開洗衣機想看看出了什么問題，但是卻裝不起來了。②Herargumentseffectivelydismantledtheopposition’sclaims.她的論點有效地挫敗了反方的主張。Reading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Textexploration6.embed

1)vt.ifideas,attitudes,orfeelings,etc.areembedded,youbelieveorfeelthemverystrongly使（思想、態(tài)度、感情等）扎根e.g.Strongfeelingsofempathyhavelongbeendeeplyembeddedinherpersonality.2)v.putsth.firmlyanddeeplyintosth.else,orbeputintosth.inthisway（使）嵌入；把……插入e.g.Hefelldownandasharppieceofglasswasembeddedinhisrighthand.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8?Practice:Feelingsofguilt

/Asenseofguiltwasdeeplyembeddedinmyconscience.①

罪惡感在我內(nèi)心打下深深的烙印。釘子牢牢嵌入了那些老舊的灰泥墻中。Thenailsweresolidlyembeddedinthoseoldplasterwalls.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Textexploration7.impede

vt.makeitdifficultforsb.orsth.tomoveforwardormakeprogress妨礙；阻礙e.g.

Theconstructionprojecthasbeenimpededbythesevereweatherinrecentdays.?Collocations:impedetheprogressof...impedeeconomicgrowthimpedetraffic妨礙……的進展阻礙經(jīng)濟增長妨礙交通；阻礙交通Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8?Practice:Infact,theuseofthesedrugsmayevenimpedethepatient’srecovery.事實上，這些藥物的使用甚至可能阻礙病人的康復(fù)。

②

盡管他很害羞，但這顯然一點兒也沒有妨礙他的事業(yè)。Althoughhe’sshy,itcertainlyhasn’timpededhiscareerinanyway.Reading2Textexploration8.stagnation n.[U]新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit81)asituationinwhichsth.staysthesameanddoesnotgrowanddevelop停滯；不發(fā)展e.g.Lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationmayweakensocialconfidenceandpublicmorale.?Relatedwords:stagnatev.

停滯，使淤塞stagnantadj.

停滯的；污濁的2)asituationinwhichaliquidorairdoesnotmoveorflow（液體、氣體）不流動，停滯e.g.Theblackcolourofthewaterisduetostagnation.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8?Practice:Stagnationinhomesalesisholdingbackeconomicrecovery.住房銷售的停滯正阻礙著經(jīng)濟的復(fù)蘇。這段河流的污染和淤滯日益加劇，已經(jīng)成為令人擔(dān)憂的問題。Theincreasingcontaminationandstagnationofthesegmentofriverhadbecomeamatterofconcern.Reading2Textexploration9.reaffirmvt.新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8formallystateanopinion,belief,orintentionagain,esp.whensb.hasquestionedyouorexpressedadoubt（尤在某人提出質(zhì)疑時）重申，再次確定e.g.Thegovernmenthasreaffirmedthateducationisatoppriority.reiterate,repeat,restate?Synonyms:?Relatedwords:reaffirmation n.重申；再斷言；再確認affirm

v.斷言，肯定affirmation

n.肯定，確認Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8?Practice:Hereaffirmedhiscommitmenttothecountry’seconomicreformprogramme.他重申了對這個國家經(jīng)濟改革計劃的承諾。Thegovernmenthasreaffirmedthatitwilltakeanystepsnecessarytomaintainlawandorder.②政府重申將采取一切必要措施維持法律和秩序。Reading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Textexploration10.oppression

n.[U]whensb.treatsagroupofpeopleunfairlyorcruellyandpreventsthemfromhavingthesamerightsasotherpeoplehave

壓迫；壓制e.g.

Theyhadbeensufferingfrompoliticalandreligiousoppressionforgenerations.?Relatedwords:oppressvt.

壓迫，壓抑oppressiveadj.

壓迫的；沉重的；壓制性的oppressor

n.

壓制者，壓迫者Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8?Practice:War,famineandoppressionhaveforcedpeopleintheregiontofleefromtheirhomes.戰(zhàn)爭、饑荒和壓迫迫使這個地區(qū)的人們逃離了自己的家園。Thepeoplearejuststartingtorebuildtheirlivesagainafterdecadesofoppression.②在經(jīng)歷了數(shù)十年的壓迫后，人們剛剛開始重建自己的生活。Reading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Textexploration11.magnifyvt.

1)(fml.)makesth.muchworseormoreserious

使加重；使加劇e.g.Theresultsofeconomicmismanagementweremagnifiedbyaseriesofnaturaldisasters.2)makesth.seembiggerorlouder,esp.usingspecialequipment（尤指使用特殊設(shè)備）放大e.g.Thefootballplayers’actionsweremagnifiedonthestadium’sgiantscreen.?Relatedwords:magnified

adj.

放大的magnifier

n.

[光]放大鏡Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8?Practice:Thedrysummerhasmagnifiedtheproblemofwatershortages.干燥的夏季加劇了缺水的問題。我們的皮膚看上去很光滑，但放大后看卻是坑坑洼洼的。②Althoughourskinlookssmooth,when

magnifieditisfullofbumpsandholes.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8

?詞義辨析:increase:指數(shù)量、強度和大小等方面的擴大或增加。magnify:用光學(xué)儀器使物體看上去顯得變大；也指使（問題）更嚴(yán)重，有時用于夸張意味。enlarge:主要指面積或體積等的擴大。?Practice:Fillintheblankswithmagnify,enlargeorincrease.①Alenswould___________thepicturesoitwouldbelikelookingatalargeTVscreen.②Policewillhavethepictures__________inanattempttoidentifythethief.③Thepopulationhas___________from1.2millionto1.8million.magnifyenlargedincreasedReading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Textexploration12.fabricate

vt.1)construct,esp.byassemblingpartsorsections;make建造；制造；（尤指）組裝e.g.

Theiradvancementshavebeenabouthowtodesignandfabricatethatintricatestructurecheaply.2)invent;makeup

編造；捏造

e.g.Itreallyangersmethatthereporterswouldfabricateastorylikethat.Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程

Unit8?Practice:他聲稱警方偽造了對他不利的證據(jù)。Attheirsmallworkshop,theyfabricatepartsforjetengines.他們在小作坊里制造噴氣發(fā)動機的零部件。Heclaimsthatthepolicefabricatedevidenceagainsthim.Reading2新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Textexploration

?Relatedwords:fabric

n.

布；織物;（社會或系統(tǒng)的）結(jié)構(gòu)fabrication

n.

捏造，虛構(gòu);制造;裝配?Practice:①Hewaslate,sohe__________anexcusetoavoidtrouble.②Yearsofcivilwarhavewreckedthecountry’sinfrastructureanddestroyeditssocial_________.③Theevidencehegaveincourtwasacomplete__________.Fillintheblankswithfabric,fabricateorfabrication.fabricfabricationfabricatedReading2目錄contents新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8TextexplorationReadandpractice

ReadandtranslateReadandthinkGetreadytoreadReading2Readandthink新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit81.Bravingtechnologicalobstacleswithoptimism

ThepassagementionsFrancisBacon’soptimisticviewofprogressandadvancement.Similarly,ChinesescientistslikeZhangHengdemonstratedoptimismandperseveranceinthefaceofthetechnologicallimitationsoftheirtimeandmadenotablecontributionsinvariousfieldssuchasmathematics,astronomy,andgeography.Canyounameoneortwosuchindividualswhobravelyconfrontedthetechnologicalobstaclesoftheirtimeandpersistentlypursuedprogressandadvancement?Reading2Readandthink新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8TheDujiangyanirrigationsysteminSichuanProvinceboastsagreathistoryofover2,000yearsandisdeemedanengineeringmiraclenolessimpressivethantheGreatWall.ItsconstructionwasledbyLiBing,governorofShuforthestateofQin,andhisson.TheregionofShuhadlongbeenplaguedbythefloodingoftheMinjiangRiver.Insteadofbuildingadam,theyharnessedtheriverusinganovelmethod:dividingthewater.Withoutthesupportofmodernscienceandtechnology,itishardtoimaginehowtheycompletedallthoseprecisecalculationsandlabor-intensiveconstruction.Ataparticularlycrucialpoint,Baopingkou,itissaidthatLiBingandhisteamspentabouteightyearsmakingaconsistentlywideopeningintothestonewall.ThisisagreatexampleoftheperseveranceandintelligenceofancientChineseengineers.Sampleanswer:Reading2Readandthink新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit82.FactorsensuringprogressAsstatedinthepassage,toensureprogress,itiscrucialtomakedeliberateandsteadfastdecisions.Oneprimedecision,forexample,isprioritizingsafetyaboveallelse,evenifitmaytemporarilyslowdownthespeedofdevelopmentandcreateadditionalcosts.Consideringdifferentperspectives—economic,social,moralorcultural—whatotherfactorsdoyouthinkshouldbetreatedastopprioritiesinthelongterm?Reading2Textexploration新編大學(xué)英語（第四版）綜合教程Unit8Ithinkmoralityshouldbeprioritizedinpromotingsocialprogress.Moralityshapessocialprogressbyguidingethicalbehavior,fosteringtrust,andensuringthatadvancementsbenefitsocietyasawhole.Whatisthepointofprogressifitweakensthevirtuesofhumanity?Therefore,weneedtostriveformakingfairdecisions,beingopenandhonest,andsharingbenefitsequally.Iwouldarguethathealth,bothphysicalandpsychological,isthemostimportantfactorinsocialdevelopment.Goodhealthenablesindividualstocontributeeffectivelytosociety,fosteringproductivityandinnovation.Healthyindividualsalsobuildstrongercommunities,reducehealth-carecosts,andenhancetheoverallqualityoflife,drivingsustainableprogress.Sophia