第2講夾敘夾議文常用以下方法來解此類型試題：解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀分析結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住作者的觀點(diǎn)借助文章結(jié)構(gòu)，即事例→觀點(diǎn)，觀點(diǎn)→事例，觀點(diǎn)→事例→觀點(diǎn)，體會記敘和議論的關(guān)系，抓住作者的觀點(diǎn)，明確文章的組織方式?？次恼聦儆谏鲜瞿姆N結(jié)構(gòu)，從而明白作者的寫作思路。重視首句，把握文章主題首句往往是文章的關(guān)鍵句、引題句或主題句。通過首句可以初步判斷文章的寫作中心，為全面理解文章打開一扇“窗戶”。敘議兼顧，理解議論內(nèi)涵夾敘夾議文中敘與議是一個有機(jī)的整體，敘是議的基礎(chǔ)，而議是敘的升華。在讀這類文章時，掌握議論部分的內(nèi)容是關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)閿⑹鍪菫樽髡叩淖h論而服務(wù)的。所以只有把故事和哲理聯(lián)系起來，再結(jié)合對人物心理和行為的描述，全面把握文章才能正確解題。抓住轉(zhuǎn)換，理清邏輯關(guān)系抓住記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換，及時調(diào)整思維方式，理清上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，在充分把握語境的基礎(chǔ)上，辨析詞語，進(jìn)一步把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度，找到正確答案。(2020·天津3月改編)Forthepasttenyears，mydadandIhaveattendedthesameschool—heasanadministratorandIasastudent.Ourrelationship，inandoutofschool，hasbeentotallyunpredictable.WhenIwasyounger，allthatmydadsaidwasdoctrine(信條)andanythinghedidI，1，copied.AsIgrewolder，wewerenotas2asweusedtobe.Hewasn’tcoolanymore.Helistenedto3countrymusicandlaughedtooloudlyinfrontofmyfriends.Hebecameatotalembarrassment.However，the4thatoccurredinschoolwereevenworse.This5continuedintohighschool，butwesomehowbegantofindabalance.Thingsstartedto6aroundthetimeofmy10th-gradephysicsproject.The7wastobuildawoodbridgewiththebeststrength-to-weightratio(比率)．Allthestudentsandphysicsteachers8.Sodidmydad，theonlyadministrator!Embarrassed，asusual，I9thescene.10，laterwhenIlearnedfrommyfriendsthatmydaddefeatedallcompetitorsandwoneveryone’sadmiration，Ifoundthatmixedinwithmy11wasatouchofpride.IhadneededsomeoneelsetoshowmewhatI12inmydad.Itwasn’tthefactthathe’dwon；itwasmorethanthat.Ibeganto13manyofthesamevaluesandsometimesthesameopinionsthatwehave.Ifeel14tohavesuchanunusualfather.The15IhavedevelopedwithmydadovertheyearshasenabledmetolookbackandseehowI’vegrown.1．A.temporarily B．naturallyC．originally D．passively2．A.close B．reliableC．generous D．confident3．A.creative B．familiarC．horrible D．live4．A.failures B．coincidencesC．competitions D．disasters5．A.debate B．partyC．progress D．struggle6．A.happen B．changeC．grow D．disappear7．A.issue B．taskC．lesson D．procedure8．A.participated B．protestedC．hesitated D．explored9．A.fled B．investigatedC．pictured D．made10．A.Instead B．OtherwiseC．Therefore D．However11．A.confusion B．encouragementC．embarrassment D．fascination12．A.recommended B．toleratedC．doubted D．a(chǎn)ppreciated13．A.beawareof B．callforC．a(chǎn)rguefor D．bringabout14．A.puzzled B．fortunateC．concerned D．a(chǎn)wkward15．A.strategy B．habitC．relationship D．potential文本整體感知中心思想作者與父親的關(guān)系的演變見證了作者的成長。敘述角度第一人稱語篇結(jié)構(gòu)事例→觀點(diǎn)寫作要素mydad；I；younger；grewolder；highschool；10th-gradephysicsproject；atouchofpride；anunusualfather寫作目的體現(xiàn)了“人與自我——積極的生活態(tài)度”的主題技法四析邏輯，索答案語篇是由一些意義相關(guān)的句子根據(jù)一定的邏輯關(guān)系組織起來的語義整體。邏輯關(guān)系隱藏在句子中、句與句之間以及段落的銜接中，體現(xiàn)作者的寫作思路和篇章意義，是貫穿整篇文章的主線。完形填空中的任何一道題該選哪個選項，在文中必有依據(jù)。因此，解答完形填空最基本的方法就是根據(jù)空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，由已知部分推斷出未知部分，做出符合邏輯的判斷。本文第10題可根據(jù)對立關(guān)系解題。下面是完形填空中主要考查的七大邏輯關(guān)系：(1)對立關(guān)系對立關(guān)系包括讓步、對比和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常見的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，onthecontrary(相反)，bycontrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，eventhough，while(雖然；然而)，nevertheless(然而，不過)，whereas(然而)，inspiteof(盡管)，regardlessof(不管，不顧)，anyhow，afterall(畢竟)，insteadof(而不是)，ratherthan(而不是)，not...but...，otherwise(否則)，orelse，totheopposite(對立面)，comparedwith等。真題體驗(yàn)1(2022·全國乙)Foralongtime，thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44.interpretedasevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour45.surprisingresearchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46thatidea.46．A.explained B．confirmedC．contradicted D．tested真題體驗(yàn)2(2017·江蘇)...Hesworetohimselfto39.avoidmusic，ashehatedgettingtoschoolextraearly.40，oneday，inthemusicclassthatwas41.partofhisschool’sstandardcurriculum，hewasplayingidly(隨意地)onthepianoandfoundit42.easytopickouttunes.40．A.Therefore B．HoweverC．Thus D．Moreover(2)并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：and，even，or，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)．..，similarly等。真題體驗(yàn)3(2019·北京)Thestudentswhohe’s15.drivenhavegoneontobecomephysicians，teachersandengineers，butwhatthey’vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents16callhim“Grandpa”．16．A.even B．everC．once D．a(chǎn)lready真題體驗(yàn)4(2022·全國甲)Ayearlater，muchtomy58.delight，thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down，nordidI59himto.That’sonlyforgiving60.watertothedogsthatbroughtustogether.59．A.beg B．trustC．need D．a(chǎn)id(3)目的和因果關(guān)系目的和因果關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：because，for，since，as(因?yàn)?，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that，such...that，inorderthat，incase，consequently(因此)，accordingly，dueto，thanksto，onaccountof(由于，因?yàn)?，becauseof，seeingthat(由于，因?yàn)?，inthat(因?yàn)?，nowthat，asaresult，forthisreason等。真題體驗(yàn)5(2021·浙江)Mymotherwasso51.touchedbyhergesturethatshedecidedtogobacktothestoreandgivethecashier(收銀員)afive-dollarbilltokeeponhand52thesamehappenedtosomeoneelseiftheydidn’thaveenough53.moneyforalloftheirgroceries.52．A.incase B．evenifC．a(chǎn)sthough D．sothat(4)條件關(guān)系條件關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：if，unless，whether，supposing，onconditionthat，providedthat，dependingon等。經(jīng)典體驗(yàn)6Asyoumarkoffanother“EarthDay”inyourcalendars，contentthatforatleast24hoursIremainedinyourthoughts，IwantedtoremindyouthatIamsick.I’mfrightenedthat1Ican’tsoonreceivetheappropriatemedicineandcareIneed，myillnesswillbecometerminalbeyondallcures.1．A.when B．thoughC．if D．unless(5)時間關(guān)系時間關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：before，since，as(隨著)，until，meanwhile，atthemoment，when，whenever，assoonas等。真題體驗(yàn)7(2020·江蘇)Forhim，itwasonethingto49.accepthisownfateofbeingblindandquiteanothertoallowsomethingtocontinue50itcouldbefixedsoeasily.Thismovedhimtoaction.50．A.until B．whenC．unless D．before(6)層次和順序關(guān)系層次和順序關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，inthefirstplace，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，tobeginwith，tostartwith，ontheonehand...ontheother(hand)．..等。真題體驗(yàn)8(2018·江蘇)49，thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter，withre-foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad50.lostforever.49．A.Initially B．EventuallyC．Temporarily D．Consequently(7)例證關(guān)系例證關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語有：allinall，altogether，inbrief，insum，inconclusion，inshort，insummary，onthewhole，tosumup，tosummarize，asaproof，asanexample，forexample，forinstance，tonamebutafew，inparticular，justas，namely，suchas，thatis，asto，say等。經(jīng)典體驗(yàn)9“Ihopethismethodwouldbeputintopracticeinthenearfuture，1inthenext10years，”hesays.1．A.imagine B．sayC．suppose D．consider技法五據(jù)搭配，知答案完形填空中，有時會涉及短語，以動詞短語為主，偶見介詞短語等。解題時，可以通過仔細(xì)觀察和回憶所學(xué)知識，進(jìn)行有效推斷，選擇正確答案。本文第13題便是依據(jù)搭配確定答案的。真題體驗(yàn)(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)Iwas43.worriedthatour15-month-oldboywouldfallintothecreek(小溪)．Itiedaropearoundhiswaisttokeephimneartoourspot.Thatlastedabouttenminutes.Hewas44.uncomfortable，andhiscryingletthewholecampgroundknowit.So45tyinghimup，Ijustkeptacloseeyeonhim.It46.worked—hedidn’tendupinthecreek.Mythree-year-old，however，did.Anothertime，werentedaboatinVallecitoLake.Theskywasclearwhenwe47，butstormsmoveinfastinthemountains，andthisonequickly48.interruptedourpeacefulmorningtrip.45．A.dueto B．insteadofC．a(chǎn)partfrom D．a(chǎn)sfor47．A.signedup B．calmeddownC．checkedout D．headedoff技法六重平行，覓邏輯文章中的意群總是通過一定的邏輯關(guān)系連在一起，特別是并列平行的結(jié)構(gòu)。這些結(jié)構(gòu)要么通過標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號體現(xiàn)，要么通過并列連詞連接。一般來說，這些平行結(jié)構(gòu)所表達(dá)的語境是一致的，考生解題時要特別注意這一點(diǎn)。真題體驗(yàn)(2020·全國Ⅰ)Onedaythey’ll47anddiscoverthateverythingthey’vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa48.lie.47．A.winout B．giveupC．wakeup D．standout(2022·廣東茂名二模)It’softenthesimplethingsinlifethatmakethemostsignificantimpactonus.Itwaslateoneafternooninmid-September.Mythree-month-oldsonwasnappinginhis1.AsIwanderedthroughourlivingroom，Ihappenedto2mybalconywindow.Puddles(水坑)had3onthegroundandtherainhadslowed.Downbelow4aboyofaboutfour.Filledwithamixtureoffascinationandhappiness，hestomped(踩)throughthepuddle，mudand5flying.Hewalked，stomped，splashedthroughthatpuddle6，happilyenjoyingwhatmothernaturehadleftforhim.Notmorethantenfeetawaystoodhismother.Shedidn’tscoldhim.7，shewatchedwithapleasantsmileonherfaceandstood8.Asforme，itwasa(n)9momentthatchangedthewayIwillforeverviewmyroleasamother.Thelittleboyprobablywill10eachafternoonthathismothertakeshimoutside，ashe11.Hemaynotremembereachlittlethingthathappenseachtimehismotherletshim12hisworld.Buthew