高中英語語法精講精練手冊part19強調(diào)與平行結(jié)構(gòu)第4周：ThursdayLesson1測試導(dǎo)入Choosetheanswerthatbestcompleteseachsentence.1.Nearlyalltreeshaveseedsthatfalltotheearth,takeroot,andeventually______.A.generatenewseeds

B.bygeneratingnewseeds

C.newseedsgenerated

D.newseedsgeneratedhere2.Thekingwaslovedbyhisfriends,respectedbyhissubjects,and______.A.hisenemiesfearedhim

B.frightenedhisenemies

C.hescaredhisenemies

D.frightenedbyhisenemies3.Itwasnotuntilheenteredtheclassroom______herealizedthathehadforgottentodothehomework.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.when4.Itwasthetrainingthathehadasayoungman______madehimsuchagoodengineer.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.who5.Soundstravel______air.A.fasterthroughwaterthanthrough

B.fasterthanthroughwaterand

C.throughwaterfasterand

D.whereitisfasterthroughwaterthanthrough6.______sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.A.Itwasnotuntildarkthat

B.Hardlydiditgrowdarkthat

C.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan

D.Scarcelyhaditgrowndarkthan7.Manypeopleconsiderimpossible______.A.whatreallyispossible

B.whatisreallypossible

C.whatpossibleisreally

D.whatreallypossibleisKEY1—4ADAA5—7AABLesson2強調(diào)與平行結(jié)構(gòu)精講一、強調(diào)與平行結(jié)構(gòu)種類1.強調(diào)的類型按強調(diào)的方式劃分，強調(diào)可分為兩種類型：詞匯強調(diào)與語法強調(diào)。2.詞匯強調(diào)（1）強調(diào)某個名詞可以在其前使用very,only,sheer,mere,such,thesame等詞或詞組。例如：ThisistheverybookIhavebeenlookingfor.這正是我一直在尋找的書。TheonlypersonthatcandoitisJohn.唯一能夠做這件事的人是約翰。IhavethesameT-shirtasyours.我有一件和你一樣的T恤衫。Hewonthegamebysheerluck.僅僅由于運氣，他贏得了這場比賽。（2）強調(diào)形容詞或副詞可以在其前加very,quite,rather,so等強調(diào)副詞。例如：Quiteafewstudentspassedthetest.好幾個學(xué)生通過了這次測驗。ShecanspeakEnglishratherwell.她英語說得相當(dāng)好。SoloudthenoiseisthatIjustcannotbearitanylonger.聲音這么嘈雜，我簡直無法再忍受。（3）強調(diào)比較級等可以使用much,byfar,still等詞或詞組。例如：Itismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.今天比昨天冷多了。Heisbyfarthebeststudentintheclass.他是班里最好的學(xué)生。（4）對動詞進行強調(diào)可使用surely,certainly,absolutely等強調(diào)副詞或在動詞前加強勢詞do。例如：Youabsolutelyknowher.你絕對認(rèn)識她。Docometohavedinneratmyhousetomorrow.明天務(wù)必到我家吃飯。（5）對疑問詞進行強調(diào)要用onearth,inheaven,underthesun等詞語。例如：Whatonearthareyoudoinghere？你究竟在這里干什么呢？Whoonearthdaredothatthing？誰竟敢做那種事？Whereunderthesundidyouputthebook？你到底把那本書放到哪里了？（6）通過關(guān)鍵詞的重復(fù)或同義詞的使用，以表示強調(diào)。例如：Wewillnever,neverforgetwhatyouhavedoneforus.我們將永遠(yuǎn)永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記你為我們所做的一切。（7）themore…,themore…的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Themorehaste,thelessspeed.欲速則不達(dá)。3.語法強調(diào)（1）不定式的兩種強調(diào)形式分別是在前面加上其余詞匯。例如：inorderto,soasto。例如：Sheworksveryhardjustinordertosupportherson'sstudy.她拼命地工作只是為了供她兒子學(xué)習(xí)。Igotupatfiveo'clocksoastocatchtheearlybus.我五點鐘起床去趕早班車。（2）在分詞前加上表示時間或原因的連詞可以加強語氣。例如：Whenhearingthenews,weallcouldn'thelpcrying.當(dāng)聽到這個消息時，我們?nèi)冀蛔】蘖?。?）使用修辭倒裝可以突出強調(diào)被倒裝的句子成分。例如：Verygratefulweareforyourhelp.對于你們的幫助，我們感到非常感激。Standingbesidethetablewasaninterpreter.站在桌子旁邊的是一名翻譯。（4）使用強調(diào)句型當(dāng)句中主語、賓語、狀語需要強調(diào)時，需使用強調(diào)句型。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：itis（was）+被強調(diào)部分+that（who）…。例如：ItwasinBeijingthatthe29thOlympicGameshadbeenheld.29屆奧運會是在北京舉行的。Itiswhenoneisillthatonerealizesthevalueofhealth.當(dāng)人生病時才意識到健康的重要。（5）助動詞do放在所強調(diào)的謂語動詞前。例如：Theydohavesufficientfoodanddrink.他們確實有足夠的水和食物。Dobepatient!一定要有耐心!（6）反身代詞，一般放在所強調(diào)的詞之后。例如：IshowedMaryherselftheletter.我給瑪麗自己看這封信。Weourselveswillseetoit.我們自己來解決。（7）使用固定結(jié)構(gòu)進行強調(diào)。常見的有：letalone,nottosay,tosaynothingof,aswellas等。例如：Sheiscleveraswellasbeautiful.她不僅漂亮也很聰明。Thebabycan'tevenwalk,letalonerun.這個嬰兒還不會走，更不用說跑了。Thepaintisquitecharming,nottosayperfect.這幅畫非常迷人，且不用說完美。Thereisnotimetodothework,tosaynothingofthecost.做這項工作連時間都沒有，更別提成本了。4.平行結(jié)構(gòu)（1）定義兩個或多個處于同一層次并且具有相同句法功能的結(jié)構(gòu)被稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。（2）使用說明兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)在結(jié)構(gòu)、詞性、數(shù)、時態(tài)等方面應(yīng)保持一致。（3）常用連詞常見的有：and,or,yet,but,nor,both…and…,neither…nor…,either…or…,ratherthan。例如：Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.讀書足以怡情、博彩、長才。Sheiseitherapainteroramusician.她或是名畫家，或是名音樂家。Mr.LiuHuaniswell-knownnotonlyinChinabutalsoinmanyothercountries.劉歡先生不僅在中國有名，而且在其他許多國家也享有盛名。Thecarisold,yetitisingoodcondition.這輛車很舊，然而狀況卻很好。Iratherthanyoushouldtaketheresponsibility.是我而不是你應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)這個責(zé)任。Iwroteratherthantelephoned.我寫了信而不是打電話。注意：①所連接的謂語形式必須一致。例如：No:Theschoolbusskidded,turnedsideways,thencomestoastop.Yes:Theschoolbusskidded,turnedsideways,andcametoastop.校車剎車，轉(zhuǎn)彎，然后停下。（并列時態(tài)）②所連接的詞或短語形式必須一致。例如：No:Thiscouldbeaproblemforboththewinnersandforthosewholose.Yes:Thiscouldbeaproblemforboththewinnersandlosers.這不僅是勝利者考慮的問題，也是失敗者考慮的問題。（名詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)）No:Theywouldlieonthebattlefieldforhoursandsometimesdays.Yes:Theywouldlieonthebattlefieldforhoursandsometimesfordays.他們在戰(zhàn)場上一躺就是幾個小時，有時甚至幾天。（介詞平行結(jié)構(gòu)）③連接的非謂語動詞的形式必須一致。例如：No:IdebatedwhetherIshouldgivethebeggarmoneyortoofferhimfood.Yes:Idebatedwhethertogivethebeggarmoneyortoofferhimfood.我在盤算著給乞丐錢還是食物。（不定式的平行結(jié)構(gòu)）④所連接的句子結(jié)構(gòu)必須一致。例如：Awkward:Thesentencesaredifficulttounderstand,notbecausetheyarelongbuttheyareobscure.Improved:Thesentencesaredifficulttounderstand,notbecausetheyarelongbutbecausetheyareobscure.句子難理解，不是因為長，而是因為語義晦澀。Lesson3強化訓(xùn)練一、選擇題。1.Jeanhadnotrealizedhowlongthemagazinewasor______.A.itsreadingdifficulty

B.itsdifficultyinreading

C.thatitwassodifficulttoread

D.howdifficultitwastoread2.Mr.Smithwasyoung,enthusiastic,and______.A.hadinterestedinmanyactivities

B.interestinginmanyactivities

C.interestinmanyactivities

D.interestedinmanyactivities3.Thedutiesofthesecretaryaretoreceivevisitors,______.A.openingthemail,shetypesletters

B.toopenthemailandtypingletters

C.toopenthemailandtotypeletters

D.toopenthemailandtheytypeletters4.Thephysicianconsidersgoingtobedearlytobemoresensible______.A.butstayinguplate

B.thanstayinguplately

C.thantostayuplate

D.thanstayinguplate5.Collectingcoinswashisfavoritepastime,but______.A.healsoenjoysmusiclistening

B.listeningtomusicalsogavehimgreatpleasure

C.alsolisteningtomusic

D.tolistentomusicwasenjoyedbyhimalso6.SmithwantedneithertheassignmentinTokyonor______.A.thejobinChicago

B.didhewanttogotoChicago

C.tobesenttoChicago

D.atChicago7.Theexaminationwilltestyourability______spokenEnglish,______nontechnicallanguage,and______correctly.A.understand;read;write

B.understanding;reading;writing

C.tounderstand;toread;writing

D.tounderstand;toread;towrite8.Thekingwaslovedbyhisfriends,respectedbyhissubjects,and______.A.hisenemiesfearedhim

B.frightenedhisenemies

C.hescaredhisenemies

D.fearedbyhisenemies9.Soundstravel______air.A.fasterthroughwaterthanthrough

B.fasterthanthroughwaterand

C.throughwaterfasterand

D.whereitisfasterthroughwaterthanthrough10.TheroleofthepartysysteminAmericanpoliticshasalwaysbeen______.A.notdividingbutaunion

B.aunityinsteadofdividing

C.nottodividebuttounite

D.unifyinginsteadofadivision11.______comeagain.A.Do

B.You

C.Youdo

D.Does12.It______metTominthestreetyesterday.A.isIwho

B.isIwhom

C.wasIwho

D.wereIwho13.Hisuncletoldherthatitis______thatshewasbroughtupafterhermother'sdeath.A.aretiredoldprofessor

B.fromaretiredoldprofessor

C.witharetiredoldprofessor

D.byaretiredoldprofessor14.______thatshouldbegivenpriorityto.A.Itisthegovernmenthasdecided

B.Itisonlythegovernmenthasdecided

C.Itiswhatthegovernmenthasdecided

D.Itiswhathasthegovernmentdecided15.Shesaidshewouldgoandshe______go.A.didn't

B.did

C.would

D.will16.______yousawtheman？A.Whereitwasthat

B.Wherewasitthat

C.Wasitwherethat

D.Thatitwaswhere17.Thequestionis______wecantrust.A.itiswhomthat

B.thatwhoitis

C.whomitisthat

D.whoitisthat18.IsupposeitisI______responsibleforthisaccident.A.whoam

B.whois

C.whomam

D.whomis19.Theprofessorthinksthatitisme______responsibleforthefailureofthisexperiment.A.whomam

B.whois

C.whoam

D.whomis20.Itwasnotuntilafterhisdeaththathe______asawriterofgenius.A.wasrecognized

B.wasn'trecognized

C.recognized

D.recognizedtobe二、翻譯下列句子。1.一位年輕的科學(xué)家5年前解決的就是這個問題。2.正是那個人發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個定律。3.只有當(dāng)你差一點失去一個人時，你才會充分意識到你是多么珍惜他。4.昨晚直到12點我的父親才回家。5.直到他告訴我，我才知道那件事。6.那個年輕人不僅得到了那份工作，而且也得到了提拔。7.他的工作是洗衣服、打掃衛(wèi)生和看孩子。8.了解你是怎樣的人