邯鄲市人民醫(yī)院影像醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)考核一、選擇題（每題2分，共20題）1.WhichofthefollowingistheprimaryadvantageofMRIoverCTinimagingthebrain?A.HigherspatialresolutionB.BettercontrastforbonestructuresC.FasteracquisitiontimeD.Superiorimagingofvascularstructures2.Inultrasound,whatisthetermforthephenomenonwheresoundwavesarereflectedoffaboundarybetweentwotissueswithdifferentacousticimpedances?A.AttenuationB.RefractionC.EchoD.Dopplereffect3.Whichimagingmodalityismostcommonlyusedforevaluatingacutestroke?A.MRIB.CTangiographyC.UltrasoundD.PETscan4.Whatisthestandardunitformeasuringtheabsorbeddoseofionizingradiation?A.Millimeter(mm)B.Gray(Gy)C.Roentgen(R)D.Sievert(Sv)5.Inchestimaging,whatisthetermforthetriangularspacebetweenthelungandthediaphragm?A.HilumB.CostophrenicangleC.MediastinumD.Pleuraleffusion6.WhichcontrastagentiscommonlyusedinMRIforvascularimaging?A.gadolinium-basedcontrastagentsB.iodinatedcontrastmediaC.bariumsulfateD.technetium-99m7.Whatisthetermfortheconditionwheretheuterusisretrovertedinthepelvis?A.UterineprolapseB.UterineretroversionC.AdenomyosisD.Endometrialhyperplasia8.Inmammography,whatisthetermforthetechniquethatusescompressiontoimproveimagequality?A.DigitaltomosynthesisB.MammographiccompressionC.Contrast-enhancedmammographyD.BreastMRI9.Whichimagingmodalityismostsensitivefordetectingearly-stagelungcancer?A.ChestX-rayB.Low-dosechestCTC.PET-CTD.Ultrasound10.Whatisthetermfortheprocessofconvertinganalogelectricalsignalsintodigitaldatainimagingsystems?A.Analog-to-digitalconversionB.SignalamplificationC.ImagefilteringD.Datacompression二、填空題（每題2分，共10題）1.TheprocessofreconstructinganimagefromrawdatainMRIiscalled________.2.Thetermfortheareawherethespinalcordexitsthevertebralcolumnisthe________.3.Inultrasound,themeasurementofbloodflowvelocityiscalled________.4.Themostcommonsiteforprimarylungcanceristhe________ofthelung.5.Thetechniquethatusesradioactivetracerstoassessorganfunctioniscalled________.6.Thetermfortheabnormalaccumulationoffluidinthepleuralcavityis________.7.Theprocessofoptimizingimagecontrastbyadjustingwindowlevelsiscalled________.8.ThetermfortheimagingtechniquethatcombinesCTandMRIdatais________.9.ThephenomenonwhereX-raysarescatteredindifferentdirectionsiscalled________.10.Thetermfortheconditionwheretheheartisenlargedis_________.三、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題5分，共5題）1.DescribethedifferencesbetweenT1-weightedandT2-weightedMRIimagesintermsoftissuecontrast.2.ExplaintheprincipleofultrasoundimagingandhowitdiffersfromX-rayimaging.3.Listthreekeydifferencesbetweencontrast-enhancedCTandnon-contrast-enhancedCTinabdominalimaging.4.DescribetheroleofMRIintheevaluationofmusculoskeletalinjuries.5.Explainthesignificanceoftheacousticwindowinultrasoundimaging.四、翻譯題（每題10分，共2題）1.TranslatethefollowingmedicalparagraphintoEnglish:"在胸部CT掃描中，肺結(jié)節(jié)的大小、邊緣特征和密度是評(píng)估其良惡性的重要指標(biāo)。動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)CT可以幫助鑒別結(jié)節(jié)內(nèi)的血供情況，而薄層掃描可以提高微小病變的檢出率。"2.TranslatethefollowingmedicalparagraphintoEnglish:"磁共振波譜分析（MRS）可以檢測(cè)腦部病變中的代謝物變化，例如在膠質(zhì)瘤中，膽堿（Cho）、肌酸（Cr）和乳酸（Lac）的水平會(huì)顯著升高，有助于鑒別診斷。"五、論述題（每題15分，共2題）1.DiscusstheadvantagesandlimitationsofusingPET-CTinoncologicimaging,withspecificexamplesofitsclinicalapplicationsinthe邯鄲地區(qū).2.CompareandcontrasttheroleofultrasoundandMRIintheimagingofmusculoskeletaldisorders,focusingontheirrespectivestrengthsandweaknessesindiagnosingfractures,ligamentinjuries,andsofttissuetumors.答案與解析一、選擇題答案與解析1.A.MRIprovideshigherspatialresolutionthanCT,makingitsuperiorforbrainimaging,especiallyindetectingsmalllesionsorsubtleabnormalities.2.C.Echoreferstothereflectionofultrasoundwavesofftissueboundaries,whichisthebasisofultrasoundimaging.3.B.CTangiographyisrapidandeffectiveforidentifyingacutestroke,asitcanvisualizebloodvesselsinminutes.4.B.Gray(Gy)isthestandardunitforabsorbeddose,whileSievert(Sv)isusedforbiologicaleffects.5.B.Thecostophrenicangleisthespacebetweenthelunganddiaphragm,oftenvisibleonchestX-rays.6.A.Gadolinium-basedcontrastagentsareusedinMRIforvascularenhancement(e.g.,MRA).7.B.Uterineretroversionisthebackwardtiltingoftheuterus,oftendetectedonpelvicultrasound.8.B.Mammographiccompressionreducesbreasttissueoverlap,improvingimageclarity.9.B.Low-dosechestCTismoresensitivethanX-rayfordetectingearlylungcancer,especiallyinhigh-riskpatients.10.A.Analog-to-digitalconversionisessentialfordigitalimagingsystemstoprocessdata.二、填空題答案與解析1.Imagereconstruction2.Conusmedullaris3.Dopplerflowimaging4.Peripherallung5.Positronemissiontomography(PET)6.Pleuraleffusion7.Windowing8.Fusionimaging9.Scatter10.Cardiomegaly三、簡(jiǎn)答題答案與解析1.T1-weightedimageshighlightstructureswithshortT1relaxationtimes(e.g.,fat,CSF),whileT2-weightedimagesemphasizetissueswithlongT1andT2relaxationtimes(e.g.,water,edema).2.Ultrasoundusessoundwaves,whicharenon-ionizing,whereasX-rayusesionizingradiation.Ultrasoundisexcellentforsofttissueimagingbutlimitedbyacousticbarriers.3.Contrast-enhancedCTimprovesvisualizationofbloodvessels,liverlesions,andrenalperfusion;non-contrastCTisusedfordetectingacutehemorrhageorcalcifications.4.MRIisidealformusculoskeletalimagingduetoitssuperiorsofttissuecontrast,makingitusefulforligamenttears,tumors,andosteonecrosis.5.Theacousticwindowistheareaoverthechestwhereultrasoundwavescanpasswithoutsignificantattenuation,ensuringclearimagingofheartandlungstructures.四、翻譯題答案與解析1.Translation:"InchestCTscans,thesize,margincharacteristics,anddensityofpulmonarynodulesarecriticalforassessingtheirmalignancy.Dynamiccontrast-enhancedCTcanhelpdifferentiatethevascularitywithinnodules,whilethin-sectionscansimprovethedetectionofsmalllesions."Keyterms:"肺結(jié)節(jié)"(pulmonarynodule),"動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)CT"(dynamiccontrast-enhancedCT),"薄層掃描"(thin-sectionscan).2.Translation:"Magneticresonancespectroscopy(MRS)candetectmetabolicchangesinbrainlesions,suchaselevatedcholine(Cho),creatine(Cr),andlactate(Lac)levelsingliomas,aidingindifferentialdiagnosis."Keyterms:"磁共振波譜分析"(MRS),"膠質(zhì)瘤"(glioma),"代謝物"(metabolites).五、論述題答案與解析1.PE