長治市人民醫(yī)院輸血醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)英語文獻(xiàn)閱讀與翻譯試題一、選擇題（共10題，每題2分，共20分）題目：閱讀以下短文，選擇最符合原文意思的選項(xiàng)。原文："Transfusion-relatedacutelunginjury(TRALI)isaseriouscomplicationofbloodtransfusion,oftenresultingfromantibodiesindonorbloodthatreactwithrecipientneutrophils.RecentstudieshaveshownthatreducingtheuseofolderbloodunitscansignificantlylowertheriskofTRALI.Hospitalsinregionswithlimitedbloodsupply,suchasruralareasofChina,mayfacehigherTRALIincidenceduetoprolongedstoragetimes.Strategiessuchasleukoreductionandantigen-matchingprotocolshavebeeneffectiveinmitigatingthisrisk,particularlyinhigh-riskpatientpopulationslikeimmunocompromisedindividuals."問題：1.WhatistheprimarycauseofTRALI?A.BloodtypeincompatibilityB.DonorantibodiesreactingwithrecipientneutrophilsC.StorageofbloodunitsfortoolongD.Hemolyticreactionduetoantibodies2.WhichregionmayexperiencehigherTRALIratesduetolimitedbloodsupply?A.UrbanareasindevelopedcountriesB.RuralareasinChinaC.CoastalregionsofEuropeD.CapitalcitiesinNorthAmerica3.WhatstrategyhasbeenshowntoreduceTRALIrisk?A.IncreasingbloodstoragetimeB.UsingolderbloodunitsC.Leukoreductionandantigen-matchingprotocolsD.Administeringanticoagulantsbeforetransfusion4.WhichpatientgroupisathigherriskforTRALI?A.HealthyadultsB.ElderlypatientsC.ImmunocompromisedindividualsD.Neonates5.HowdoesTRALIoccur?A.DuetoviralcontaminationB.DuetobacterialinfectionC.DuetoimmunereactionsbetweendonorantibodiesandrecipientneutrophilsD.Duetobloodclottingissues6.WhatisthemainconcernregardingTRALIinruralChinesehospitals?A.HighpatientvolumeB.LimitedbloodsupplyandprolongedstorageC.AdvancedmedicalequipmentD.Highawarenessofbloodsafety7.Whyisreducingtheuseofolderbloodunitsimportant?A.ToincreasebloodsupplyB.ToreducetheriskofTRALIC.TosavestoragecostsD.Toimprovebloodpreservationtechniques8.Whatisleukoreduction?A.RemovingredbloodcellsB.ReducingwhitebloodcellsC.IncreasingplasmavolumeD.Enhancingbloodcompatibility9.Howdoesantigen-matchinghelppreventTRALI?A.BymatchingdonorandrecipientbloodtypesB.ByreducingbloodstoragetimeC.ByusingantihistaminesD.Byfilteringoutantibodies10.WhatisthemosteffectivewaytopreventTRALIinhigh-riskpatients?A.AdministeringsteroidsB.UsingfreshbloodunitsC.Implementingleukoreductionandantigen-matchingprotocolsD.Avoidingtransfusionsaltogether二、填空題（共10題，每題2分，共20分）題目：閱讀以下短文，填寫缺失的單詞或短語。原文："Platelettransfusionisacriticalcomponentofsupportivecareforpatientswiththrombocytopenia.However,plateletstoragelesions,suchas_aggregation_and_adhesion_,cansignificantlyreducetheirviability.Studieshaveshownthat_cyclosporine_canimproveplateletpreservationbyinhibiting_phospholipaseA2_activity.Inregionslike_Changzhi_,whereplateletpheresisislimited,optimizingcollectionandstoragetechniquesisessentialto_maximize_theirtherapeuticefficacy.Additionally,_prophylactic_transfusionsshouldbecarefully_balanced_againsttheriskof_alloimmunization_."問題：1.Plateletstoragelesionsincludeprocessessuchas__________and__________.2.Cyclosporinecanimproveplateletpreservationbyinhibiting__________activity.3.InChangzhi,optimizingcollectionandstoragetechniquesisessentialto__________.4.Prophylactictransfusionsshouldbecarefully__________againsttheriskofalloimmunization.5.Platelettransfusioniscriticalforpatientswith__________.6.Plateletpheresisislimitedinregionslike__________.7.Alloimmunizationisariskassociatedwith__________transfusions.8.PhospholipaseA2isinvolvedin__________processes.9.Whatistheprimarygoalofcyclosporineinplateletpreservation?10.Whyismaximizingplateletviabilityimportant?三、翻譯題（共5題，每題4分，共20分）題目：將以下短文翻譯成中文。原文："Transfusion-transmittedinfections(TTIs)remainasignificantconcerninbloodbanking,particularlyinareaswithunderdevelopedinfrastructure.Whilenucleicacidtesting(NAT)hasdrasticallyreducedtheriskofTTIscausedbyviruseslikeHIV,HBV,andHCV,emergingpathogenssuchas_parvovirusB19_and_priondiseases_poseongoingchallenges.HospitalsinChangzhi,forinstance,mayencounterdifficultiesindetectingparvovirusB19duetoitshighprevalenceinthelocalpopulation.Priondiseases,thoughrare,requirestringentprotocolstopreventtransmission,including_surveillance_ofhigh-riskdonorsand_advancedtesting_methods.Ensuringbloodsafetyinsuchsettingsdemandscontinuousinnovationinscreeningtechnologiesandstrictadherencetobestpractices."問題：1.翻譯：Transfusion-transmittedinfections(TTIs)remainasignificantconcerninbloodbanking.2.翻譯：Nucleicacidtesting(NAT)hasdrasticallyreducedtheriskofTTIscausedbyviruseslikeHIV,HBV,andHCV.3.翻譯：EmergingpathogenssuchasparvovirusB19andpriondiseasesposeongoingchallenges.4.翻譯：HospitalsinChangzhimayencounterdifficultiesindetectingparvovirusB19duetoitshighprevalenceinthelocalpopulation.5.翻譯：Priondiseases,thoughrare,requirestringentprotocolstopreventtransmission.四、簡答題（共5題，每題4分，共20分）題目：根據(jù)以下短文，回答問題。原文："Immunohematologictestingplaysacrucialroleinensuringsafebloodtransfusions.Crossmatchingisessentialtodetectantibodiesthatmayreactwithrecipientredbloodcells.InregionslikeChangzhi,wherebloodtypingisoftenperformedmanually,delaysinresultscanimpactpatientcare.Automatedsystemshaveimprovedefficiencybutmaystillfacechallengesindetectingrareantibodies.Forexample,_coldagglutinins_caninterferewithtestingifnotproperlyidentified.Additionally,_antibodyidentification_iscriticalforpatientsrequiringmultipletransfusions,asrepeatedexposurecanleadtorefractoriness.Strategiessuchas_solid-phaseimmunoassays_haveenhancedaccuracybutrequirepropervalidationinlocalsettings."問題：1.Whatisthepurposeofcrossmatchinginimmunohematologictesting?2.WhymightmanualbloodtypingresultindelaysinChangzhi?3.Howdocoldagglutininsaffectimmunohematologictesting?4.Whyisantibodyidentificationimportantforpatientsreceivingmultipletransfusions?5.Whataresolid-phaseimmunoassaysusedfor?五、論述題（1題，10分）題目：結(jié)合長治市人民醫(yī)院的實(shí)際情況，論述如何優(yōu)化輸血科的工作流程以提高血安全水平。答案與解析一、選擇題答案與解析1.B-解析：原文明確指出TRALI的主要原因是供體抗體與受體中性粒細(xì)胞反應(yīng)。2.B-解析：農(nóng)村地區(qū)血液供應(yīng)有限，導(dǎo)致血液儲存時間過長，增加TRALI風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。3.C-解析：白細(xì)胞去除和抗原匹配協(xié)議被證明可有效降低TRALI風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。4.C-解析：免疫抑制患者對TRALI的敏感性更高。5.C-解析：TRALI是由于供體抗體與受體中性粒細(xì)胞發(fā)生免疫反應(yīng)。6.B-解析：農(nóng)村醫(yī)院因血液供應(yīng)有限，儲存時間過長，TRALI風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。7.B-解析：減少老血液使用可降低TRALI風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。8.B-解析：白細(xì)胞去除是指減少白細(xì)胞數(shù)量。9.A-解析：抗原匹配通過匹配供體和受體血型預(yù)防TRALI。10.C-解析：白細(xì)胞去除和抗原匹配協(xié)議對高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)患者最有效。二、填空題答案與解析1.Aggregation,adhesion-解析：原文提到血小板儲存損傷包括聚集和粘附。2.PhospholipaseA2-解析：原文指出環(huán)孢素通過抑制磷脂酶A2活性改善血小板保存。3.Maximize-解析：優(yōu)化收集和儲存技術(shù)可最大化血小板療效。4.Balanced-解析：預(yù)防性輸血需權(quán)衡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。5.Thrombocytopenia-解析：血小板輸注對血小板減少癥患者至關(guān)重要。6.Changzhi-解析：原文提到長治血小板單采有限。7.Alloimmunization-解析：反復(fù)輸血可能導(dǎo)致同種免疫。8.PhospholipaseA2-解析：磷脂酶A2參與炎癥過程。9.ToinhibitphospholipaseA2activity-解析：環(huán)孢素的主要作用是抑制磷脂酶A2活性。10.Toimprovepatientoutcomes-解析：最大化血小板活力可改善患者預(yù)后。三、翻譯題答案與解析1.輸血傳播感染（TTIs）仍然是血液banking的一個重要問題。-解析：直譯，強(qiáng)調(diào)TTIs在血液banking中的重要性。2