2025年大學(xué)《大學(xué)英語》專業(yè)題庫——當(dāng)代社會問題與英語專業(yè)研究考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解與評論(共40分)請仔細(xì)閱讀以下三篇短文，并按要求完成題目。PassageOneTheriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hasundeniablytransformednumeroussectors,offeringunprecedentedefficiencyandinnovation.However,alongsidetheseadvancementscomesignificantethicalchallenges,particularlyconcerningtheroleofAIindecision-makingprocessesthatprofoundlyimpacthumanlives.Oneofthemostpressingissuesisalgorithmicbias.AIsystemsaretrainedondata,andifthisdatareflectsexistingsocietalbiases—beitracial,gender,orsocio-economic—theAIcanperpetuateandevenamplifytheseinequalities.Forinstance,biasedAIalgorithmshavebeenfoundtodisproportionatelyaffectminoritygroupsinareassuchashiring,loanapplications,andcriminaljusticesentencing.EnsuringfairnessinAIrequiresnotonlysophisticatedtechnicalsolutionsbutalsoadeepunderstandingofthesocietalcontextandacommitmenttoequitableoutcomes.ThepotentialformisuseofAItechnologyisanothercriticalconcern.Thedevelopmentofsophisticateddeepfakes,forexample,posesaseriousthreattoinformationintegrityandtrust.Maliciousactorscancreaterealisticbutfakeaudioandvideocontenttospreadmisinformation,manipulatepublicopinion,orcommitfraud.Furthermore,theincreasingautomationoftaskspreviouslyperformedbyhumansraiseslegitimatefearsaboutjobdisplacementacrossvariousindustries.WhileAIoffersopportunitiesforproductivitygains,societymustgrapplewithhowtomanagethistransitionresponsibly,ensuringafairdistributionofbenefitsandprovidingsupportforthosewhosejobsareautomated.Despitethesechallenges,thefutureofAIdependsonourabilitytonavigatetheseethicallandscape.Itiscrucialtofosterinterdisciplinarycollaborationinvolvingtechnologists,ethicists,policymakers,andthepublictodeveloprobustguidelinesandregulations.PromotingtransparencyinAIsystems,allowingforhumanoversight,andprioritizingethicalconsiderationsthroughouttheAIdevelopmentlifecycleareessentialsteps.OnlythroughaconcertedeffortcanweharnesstheimmensepotentialofAIwhilemitigatingitsrisksandensuringitserveshumanity'sbestinterests.Questions:1.Summarizetheprimaryethicalchallengesassociatedwiththeincreasinguseofartificialintelligenceinsociety,aspresentedinthepassage.2.Theauthormentionsthedevelopmentofdeepfakes.Explainthepotentialsocietal危害(harms)thistechnologyposes,accordingtothetext.3.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomekeystepsnecessarytoensuretheresponsibledevelopmentanduseofAI?4.Basedontheinformationprovided,offeryourownbriefopiniononthebalancebetweenthebenefitsandrisksofAIdiscussedinthepassage.PassageTwoGlobalizationhaslongbeenadrivingforcebehindeconomicgrowthandculturalexchange,connectingnationsandpeoplesinunprecedentedways.Theincreasedflowofgoods,services,capital,andinformationhasbroughtnumerousbenefits,fromaccesstoawidervarietyofproductsatlowercoststothespreadofideasandculturalunderstanding.English,oftentermedagloballinguafranca,hasplayedapivotalroleinfacilitatingthisinterconnectedness,servingasacommonlanguageforinternationalbusiness,science,technology,anddiplomacy.Thislinguisticdominancehasundoubtedlyfacilitatedglobalcommunicationandcooperation.However,theprocessofglobalizationisnotwithoutitscriticsanddrawbacks.Onesignificantconcernisthepotentialforculturalhomogenization.Thewidespreadinfluenceofdominantcultures,oftenspearheadedbyWesternmediaandconsumerbrands,canovershadowlocaltraditionsandpractices,leadingtoalossofculturaldiversityworldwide.Thisphenomenonraisesquestionsaboutthepreservationofindigenousculturesandthemaintenanceofuniquenationalidentitiesinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Economicaspectsalsoremaincontentious,asglobalizationcanexacerbateinequalitiesbothwithinandbetweencountries.Whilesomebenefitimmenselyfromglobaltradeandinvestment,othersmayfacejoblossesduetocompetitionfromlow-wagecountriesorstruggletocompeteinaglobalizedeconomy.Furthermore,theenvironmentalimpactofincreasedinternationaltravel,shipping,andmanufacturingassociatedwithglobalizationisagrowingconcern.Thepursuitofeconomicgrowthoftencomesattheexpenseofenvironmentalsustainability,threateningecosystemsandcontributingtoclimatechange.Addressingtheseenvironmentalchallengesrequiresinternationalcooperation,whichglobalization,intheory,facilitates,buttheeffectivenessofsuchcooperationisoftenhamperedbycompetingnationalinterests.Questions:5.Describethekeybenefitsofglobalizationmentionedinthepassage,highlightingtheroleofEnglishinthisprocess.6.Thepassageidentifiesseveralcriticismsofglobalization.Discusstwoofthesecriticismsindetail(e.g.,culturalhomogenizationandeconomicinequality).7.Accordingtotheauthor,whatarethemainenvironmentalchallengesassociatedwithglobalization?8.Consideringtheargumentspresented,doyoubelievethebenefitsofglobalizationoutweighitsdrawbacks?Provideaconciseargumentsupportingyourperspective.PassageThreeTherelationshipbetweenlanguageandidentityiscomplexandmultifaceted.Languageisfarmorethanameretoolforcommunication;itisdeeplyintertwinedwithculturalidentity,socialbelonging,andindividualself-perception.Formanycommunities,theirlanguageisanrepository(storehouse)ofhistory,traditions,values,andworldviews,passeddownthroughgenerations.Speakingone'snativelanguageisoftenapowerfulsymbolofculturalprideandcontinuity.Itconnectsindividualstotheirancestors,theircommunity,andtheirsharedheritage.Inmultilingualsocieties,languagechoicecanalsosignalethnicornationalidentity,sometimesleadingtotensionsincontextswherelanguagepoliciesfavorasinglenationallanguage,potentiallymarginalizingminoritylanguagespeakers.Languagechangeisaninherentpartofanylivinglanguage.Overtime,languagesevolvethroughprocessessuchasborrowing,adaptation,andtheinfluenceofsocialandtechnologicalshifts.Whilechangecanbedynamicandenriching,sometimesitisperceivedasathreattolinguisticpurityorculturalauthenticity.Thistensionisparticularlyevidentinthecontextofglobalization,wheredominantlanguagesexertsignificantinfluence,potentiallyleadingtothedeclineorevenextinctionoflesswidelyspokenlanguages.Thelossofalanguageisnotmerelyalinguistictragedy;itrepresentstheerosionofuniqueculturalknowledge,perspectives,andwaysofthinking.ForEnglishlanguageprofessionals,understandingthisdynamiciscrucial.Issuesoflanguagepolicy,languagerights,andthepreservationoflinguisticdiversityarecentraltothefield.PromotingmultilingualismandsupportinglanguageeducationforminoritylanguagesareimportantcontributionsEnglishspecialistscanmake.Furthermore,analyzinghowlanguageusereflectsandshapesidentityinvarioussocialcontextsisafundamentalaspectoflinguisticandculturalstudies.Engagingwiththeseissuesrequiresacommitmenttobothlinguisticexcellenceandculturalsensitivity.Questions:9.Explain,usingexamplesfromthepassage,howlanguagefunctionsasacomponentofidentity.10.Thepassagediscussesboththenaturalevolutionoflanguageandtheperceptionthatthisevolutioncanbeathreat.Howdoestheauthorcharacterizethistension?11.InwhatwaysmightthefieldofEnglishlanguagestudiescontributetoaddressingthechallengesrelatedtolanguageandidentitymentionedinthepassage?12.Reflectonthepassage'sdiscussion.WhatistheresponsibilityofEnglishlanguagelearnersandusersinaglobalizedworldwheremanylanguagesfacethethreatofdecline?第二部分論述寫作(共60分)Prompt:TheintegrationofEnglishlanguagestudywithanunderstandingofcontemporarysocialissuesandthemethodologiesofEnglishasadisciplineopensupsignificantavenuesforcriticalinquiryandpersonalgrowth.Chooseoneofthefollowingpromptsandwriteawell-structuredargumentativeessayinEnglish,drawinguponideasfromthepassagesprovided(oryourownrelevantknowledge)tosupportyourpoints.Prompts:A.DiscusstheethicalresponsibilitiesofEnglishlanguagespecialistsinlightoftheincreasingimpactofartificialintelligenceoncommunicationandinformationdissemination.Shouldthefieldadaptitsfocustoaddressthesenewchallenges?B.ArguefororagainsttheimportanceofpreservingendangeredlanguagesinaglobalizedworldwhereEnglishdominates.HowcanEnglishlanguageprofessionalscontributetothispreservationeffortwithoutcompromisinglinguisticpurity?C.AnalyzetheroleofEnglishinfacilitatingorhinderingsocialjusticeinitiatives.ProvideexamplestosupportyourargumentregardingthepowerandpotentialpitfallsofusingEnglishasatoolforglobaladvocacy.試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解與評論PassageOne1.Theprimaryethicalchallengesincludealgorithmicbias,whichcanperpetuatesocietalinequalities,andthepotentialformisuse,suchasthroughdeepfakesformisinformationorfraud,aswellasconcernsaboutjobdisplacementduetoautomation.2.Deepfakesposesignificantharmsbythreateninginformationintegrityandtrust,enablingthespreadofmisinformationandmanipulationofpublicopinion,andpotentiallyleadingtofraudandsocialunrest.3.KeystepsnecessaryforresponsibleAIdevelopmentincludefosteringinterdisciplinarycollaboration,promotingtransparencyinAIsystems,allowingforhumanoversight,andprioritizingethicalconsiderationsthroughouttheAIlifecycle.4.*(Thisrequirespersonalopinion.Apossibleanswercouldbe:WhileAIoffersimmensepotentialforprogress,itsrisks,particularlyethicaloneslikebiasandmisuse,mustbecarefullymanaged.Thebenefitsaresignificant,buttheyshouldonlyberealizedifwecanestablishrobustsafeguardsandensure公平性(fairness)andaccountability.)*PassageTwo5.Thebenefitsincludeaccesstoawidervarietyofproductsatlowercostsduetointernationaltrade,facilitatedglobalcommunicationandcooperation,particularlyinareaslikebusiness,science,andtechnology,withEnglishactingasacrucialgloballinguafranca.6.Twocriticismsdiscussedare:culturalhomogenization,wheredominantculturesovershadowlocaltraditionsleadingtoalossofdiversityanduniqueidentities;andeconomicinequality,whereglobalizationcanexacerbatedisparitiesbothwithinandbetweencountries,potentiallyleadingtojoblossesinsomesectorsandregions.7.Themainenvironmentalchallengesarethenegativeimpactsofincreasedinternationaltravel,shipping,andmanufacturingassociatedwithglobalization,whichcontributetoresourcedepletion,pollution,andclimatechange.8.*(Thisrequirespersonalopinion.Apossibleanswercouldbe:Yes,thebenefitsgenerallyoutweighthedrawbacks.Globalizationhasdemonstrablyincreasedprosperity,reducedpoverty,andfacilitatedunprecedentedlevelsofcooperationonissueslikehealthandclimatechange.Whilechallengeslikeinequalityandculturallossexist,thesecanbemitigatedthroughthoughtfulpoliciesandinternationalagreementsratherthanabandoningglobalizationaltogether.)*PassageThree9.Languagefunctionsasidentitybybeingastorehouseofculturalhistory,tr