大學(xué)英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷82（共9套）

(共215題)

大學(xué)英語四級改革適用(閱讀)模擬試

卷第1套

一、詞匯理解(本題共70題，每題1.0分，共10分。)

Sausageliasbeenapailufliumaiis*cuukingsystemfor15,000years.Nubodyknuwjjwho

firstthoughttochopuponepartofananimal,stuffthatmixtureintoanotherpart,and

thencookit.Butaslongashumanshavehad[Cl]tofireandmeat,theyhave

beeneatingsomethingasasausage.AncientRomeandmedievalEuropehadsausages.

They'reeven[C2]intheOdyssey.Inthe17thand18thcenturies,British

[C3]broughtsausagestoAmericanshores,butthehotdogasitisknown

todayisnearertotheGermansausage.Whilesausagesasstreetfoodwere[C4]

inAmericancitiesbythelate1700s,itwasonlyaftertheCivilWarthatthe

sausagebecamemechanizedand[C5].Meatmovedfromthebutchershopto

thefactory.Thehotdogwasborn.Thisindustrializationwaspossibleforafewreasons.

ThegrowingAmericandesireformeatandmeabilitytoaffordit,foronepart.The

constructionandconnectionofrailways,fbranother.Newmachineryhadstartedto

[C6]humanbutchersaswell.Bythe1870s,massivefirmscouldswiftly

slaughter,season,andprocessanimals[C7]byrailfromthestockyardsof

theMidwestandturnthemintohotdogs-Americanswantedhotdogs,[C8]

theidenticalonesthatcamefromname-brandcompanies.Bytheearly20th

century,thehotdogwasfullyAmerican,andclosely[C9]withanother

Americanpastime,baseball.Somehow,amass-producedhotdoghadbecomea[CIO]

ofAmericanindividualism.A)accessB)associatedC)commonD)delivered

E)extremelyF)immigrantsG)industrializedH)mentionedI)modernizedJ)ordinaryK)

particularlyL)referredM)replaceN)symbolO)transfer

1、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：原文指出，自從人類火和肉，就一直吃著類似香腸的東西。

人類“獲得”火種和肉類，才能夠做成香腸。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)，可以推斷access”接觸的

機(jī)會”符合題意，故為答案。haveaccessto意思為“能夠接觸得到，能夠達(dá)到”。

2、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)空格所在句的前一句可知，古羅馬與中世紀(jì)的歐洲就有香腸?？?/p>

格所在句子順承前一句，提到世界名著《奧德賽》，以此來證明當(dāng)時(shí)的人們確實(shí)吃

香腸。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)，可以推斷出mentioned”提到，談到”符合句意，故為答案。

3、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)空格所在句前半部分可知，在17世紀(jì)和18世紀(jì)的時(shí)候，英國

將香腸帶到了美國；而后半部分用but連接，是對前半句意思的轉(zhuǎn)折，指

出我們今天所熟知的熱狗更像德國的香腸。由此可見，此句為英國香腸與德國香腸

的對比，而且將香腸帶到美國的只能是去美國的人。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)，可以推斷出

immigrants“移民”符合句意,故為答案。

4、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)空格所在句可知，句首用While表示讓步轉(zhuǎn)折，表明即使熱狗在

18世紀(jì)晚期就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，但是真正機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)是在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)，可

以推斷common"常見的，普遍的”符合題意，故為答案。

5、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)空格所在句前半部分可知，正是在美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束之后，熱狗才被

機(jī)械化地生產(chǎn)。空格所在句后面的句子又指出，肉類從肉店運(yùn)到工廠，可見肉類加

工已不僅僅是機(jī)械化大生產(chǎn)，已然成為一種產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)，可以推斷出

industrialized“工業(yè)化的”符合題意，故為答案。

6、[C61

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)上下文語境可知，本段主要闡述促成熱狗生產(chǎn)工業(yè)化的原因?？?/p>

格所在句闡述了第三個(gè)原因，即利用機(jī)器而不是人工生產(chǎn)熱狗。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)可知，

replace"取代，接替”符合題意，故為答案。

7、[C71

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)空格所在句前半部分可知，截至19世紀(jì)70年代，大量的公司可

以快速地屠宰、腌制、加工牲畜；后半部分提到這些牲畜來自中西部養(yǎng)殖場。由此

可見，這些牲畜是從中西部由火車“運(yùn)送''到各個(gè)公司。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)，可以推斷

delivered“傳送，遞送”符合句意，故為答案。

8、[C8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)空格所在句前半部分可知，美國人想要熱狗，而后半句則表明美

國人想要那些知名品牌公司的相同的熱狗。分析句子邏輯關(guān)系，可見后半句是對前

半句意思的順承遞進(jìn)。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)可知，particularly"特別，尤其”符合句意，故為

答案。

9、[C9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)空格所在句前半句可知，到2。世紀(jì)早期，熱狗已經(jīng)完全美國

化；而后半部分用and連接，表示并列順承，說明熱狗與美國棒球運(yùn)動相關(guān)。結(jié)合

備選項(xiàng)，可推斷associated”有關(guān)聯(lián)的，聯(lián)合的”符合句意，故為答案。

10、(C101

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：N

知識點(diǎn)解析：本段第一句指出，熱狗已經(jīng)完全美國化，而且與另一種美國人的消遣

方式棒球緊密聯(lián)系在一起?？崭袼诰湟許omehow開頭，起到順承遞進(jìn)的作用，

進(jìn)一步指出熱狗在美國人生活中的地位。結(jié)合備選項(xiàng)可知，symbol“標(biāo)志”符合句

意，故為答案“

二、長篇閱讀(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)

WeNeedtoTalkAboutDeathA)Mymotherwantedtodie,butthedoctorswouldn'tlet

her.Atleastthat'sthewayitseemedtomeasIstoodbyherbedinanintensive-careunit

atahospitalinHiltonHead,S.C.,fiveyearsago.Mymotherwas79,alongtimesmoker

whowasdyingofemphysema(肺氣腫).Sheknewthatherqualityoflifewas

increasinglytiedtoanoxygentank,thatshewaslosingherabilitytogetabout,andthat

shewasslowlydrowning.Thedoctorsatherbedsidewererecommendingvarioustests

andprocedurestokeepheralive,butmymother,withacertainfirmnessIrecognized,

saidno.Sheseemedpuzzledandabitfrustratedthatshehadtobesoinsistentonherown

death.B)Thehospitalatmymother'sassisted-livingfacilitywassustainedbyMedicare,

whichpaysbytheprocedure.Idon'tthinkthedoctorsweretryingtobegreedyby

pushingmoretreatmentsonmymother.Thafsjustthewaythesystemworks.The

doctorswererespondingtotheexpectationsofalmostallpatients.Asadoctorfriendof

mineputsit,"Americanswantthebest,theywantthelatest,andtheywantitnow."We

expectdoctorstomakeheroicefforts-especiallytosaveourlivesandthelivesofour

lovedones.C)Theideathatwemightrationhealthcaretoseniors(oranyoneelse)is

politicalcurse.Politiciansdonotdarebreathetheword,lesttheybeaccused-however

wrongly-oftryingtopulltheplugonGrandma.Buttheneedtospendlessmoneycnthe

elderlyattheendoflifeistheelephantintheroominthehealth-reformdebate.Everyone

seesitbutnoonewantstotalkaboutit.Atamorebasiclevel,Americansareafraidnot

justofdying,butoftalkingandthinkingaboutdeath.UntilAmericanslearntoregard

deathasmorethanascientificchallengetobeovercome,ourhealth-caresystemwill

remainunfixable.D)ComparedwithotherWesterncountries,theUnitedStateshasmore

healthcare—but,generallyspeaking,notbetterhealthcare.Thereisnowaywecanget

controlofcosts,whichhavegrownbynearly50percentinthepastdecade,without

findingawaytostopovertreatingpatients.InhisaddresstoCongress,PresidentObama

spokeairilyaboutreducinginefficiency,butheslidpastthehardchoicesthatwillhaveto

bemadetostophealthcarefromdevouringever-1argerslicesoftheeconomyandtax

dollar.Asignificantportionofthesavingswillhavetocomefromthemoneywespend

onseniorsattheendoflifebecause,asWillieSuttonexplainedaboutwhyherobbed

banks,that'swherethemoneyis.E)AsPresidentObamasaid,mostoftheuncontrolled

growthinfederalspendingandthedeficitcomesfromMedicare;nothingelsecomes

close.AlmostathirdofthemoneyspentbyMedicare;—about$66.8billionayear-goes

tochronicallyillpatientsinthelasttwoyearsoflife.Thismightseemobvious-of

coursethecostscomeattheend,whenpatientsarethesickest.Butthatcan'texplain

whatresearchersatDartmouthhavediscovered;Medicarespendstwiceasmuchon

similarpatientsinsomepartsofthecountryasinothers.TheaveragecostofaMedicare

patientinMiamiis$16,351;theaverageinHonoluluis$5,311.IntheBronx,N.Y.,it's

$12,543.InFargo,N.D..$5,738.TheaverageMedicarepatientundergoingend-of-life

treatmentspends21.9daysinaManhattanhospital.InMasonCity,Iowa,heorshe

spendsonly6.1days.F)Allthistreatmentdoesnotnecessarilybuybettercare.Infact,

theDartmouthstudieshavefoundworseoutcomesinmanystatesandcitieswherethere

ismorehealthcare.Why0Becausejustgoingintothehospitalhasrisks-ofinfection,or

error,orotherunforeseencomplications.SomestudiesestimatethatAmericansareover

treatedbyroughly30percent."It'snotaboutrationingcare-that'salwaysthebogeyman

(魔鬼)peopleusetoblockreform,"saysDr.ElliottFisher,aprofessoratDartmouth

MedicalSchool."Therealproblemisunnecessaryandunwantedcare."G)Buthowdo

youdecidewhichtreatmentstocutout?Howdoyouchoosebetweenthenecessaryand

theunnecessary?Therehasbeentalksamongexpertsandlawmakersofgivingmore

powertoapanelofgovernmentexpertstodecide-Britainhasone,calledtheNational

InstituteforHealthandClinicalExcellence(knownbythesomewhatironicacronym

NICE).Butnoonewantsthehorrorstoriesofdeniedcareandlongwaitsthatarcsaidto

plaguestate-runnationalhealth-caresystems.Afterthesummerofangrytownhalls,no

politicianisgoingtogetanywherenearsomethingthatcouldbecalleda"deathpanel".

H)Ever-risinghealth-carespendingnowconsumesabout17percentoftheeconomy.At

thecurrentrateofincrease,itwilldevourafifthofGDPby2018.Wecannotaffordto

sustainaproductiveeconomywithsomuchmoneygoingtohealthcare.Overtime,

economicrealitymayforceustoadoptanationalhealth-caresystemlikeBritain'sor

Canada's.Butbeforethatdayarrives,therearestepswecantaketoreducecostswithout

totallyturningthesysteminsideout.I)Otherinitiativesensurethattheelderlyget

counselingaboutend-of-lifeissues.Althoughcalledasa"deathpanel",aprogramin

Wisconsintogetpatientstotalktotheirdoctorsabouthowtheywanttodealwithdeath

wasactuallyanoutstandingsuccess.AstudybytheArchivesofInternalMedicineshows

thatsuchconversationsbetweendoctorsandpatientscandecreasecostsbyabout35

percent-whileimprovingthequalityoflifeattheend.J)Patientsshouldbeencouraged

todraftlivingwillstomaketheirend-of-lifedesiresknown.Unfortunately,suchpaper

canbeuselessifthereisafamilymemberatthebedsidedemandingheroicmeasures."A

lotofthetimeguiltisplayingarole,"saysDr.DavidTorchiana,asurgeonandCEOof

theMassachusettsGeneralPhysiciansOrganization.Doctorscanfeelguilty,too-about

overtreatingpatients.Torchianarecallshisuneaseoveroperatingtotreatasevereheart

infectioninawomanwithtwoformsofmetastatic（轉(zhuǎn)移性的）cancerwhowasalready

comatose（昏迷的）.Thefamilyinsisted.K）Studiesshowthatabout70percentofpeople

wanttodieathome-butthatabouthalfdieinhospitals.Therehasbeenanimportant

increaseinhospice（臨終安養(yǎng)院）orpalliative（姑息的）care—keepingpatientswith

incurablediseasesascomfortableaspossiblewhiletheyliveouttheremainderoftheir

lives.Hospiceservicesaregenerallyintendedfortheterminallyillinthelastsixmonths

oflife,butasapracticalmatter,manypeoplereceivehospicecareforonlyafewweeks.

L）That'swhatmymotherwanted.Afterconvincingthedoctorsthatshemeantit-that

shereallywasreadytodie-shewastransferredfromtheICUtoahospice,where,five

dayslater,shepassedaway.IntheICU,astheyremovedallthemonitorsandpulledout

allthetubesandwires,shemadeashakingmotionwithherhands.Sheseemedtobe

signalinggoodbyetoallthat—I'mfreetogoinpeace.

11、Receivingcounselingaboutend-of-lifeissuesmayimprovethepatients,qualityof

lifeattheend.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，讓病人就他們的臨終問題與其主治醫(yī)生進(jìn)

行討論，這既降低了醫(yī)療成本，又提高了病人臨終前的生活質(zhì)量，故答案為L

12,Medicareisthereasonforthemajorityoftheuncontrolledgrowthinfederal

spendingandthedeficit.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點(diǎn)解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句講述了奧巴馬總統(tǒng)承認(rèn)大部分聯(lián)邦開支和赤字增

長失控都源于醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。題干中的isthereasonfor對應(yīng)原文中的comesfrom,故答

案為E。

13、Theaimofthehospiceistomakepatientswithfatalillnessescomfortable.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位句指出，臨終安養(yǎng)院或姑息療法都在增多，使不治

之癥患者盡可能舒服地度過生命的最后時(shí)光。題干中的fatalillnesses對應(yīng)原文中的

incurablediseases,故答案為K。

14、HowtostopovertreatingpatientsisvitaltocontrollingthecostsoftheUShealth

care.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位句指出，如果找不到方法阻止過度醫(yī)療，我們就不

能控制醫(yī)療支出，而醫(yī)療支出在過去的十年里已經(jīng)增長了接近50%。結(jié)合本段內(nèi)

容可以推斷出，阻止過度醫(yī)療是控制美國醫(yī)療支出的關(guān)鍵。題干中的isvitalto對

應(yīng)原文中的Thereisnoway…without…結(jié)構(gòu)，故答案為Do

15>Doctorsaregenerallyexpectedtomaketheirutmosteffortswhenitcomestothe

livesofourownandourbelovedones.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。B段主要講述了作者母親的主治醫(yī)生建議其做各種檢查

來維持生命的原因。定位句闡述了美國社會的一個(gè)普遍想法，即我們都希望醫(yī)生能

竭盡所能挽救我們的生命以及深愛的人的生命。題干中的thelivesofourownand

ourbelovedones對應(yīng)原文中的ourlivesandthelivesofourlovedones,故答案為

Bo

16>Iftherisingmoneyonhealthcareisn'treduced,itislikelythattheUSmaynot

maintainaproductiveeconomy.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識點(diǎn)解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。H段前兩句主要闡述了日前不斷增加的醫(yī)療開支大約消

耗國家經(jīng)濟(jì)總量的17%,按照目前的增長率計(jì)算，到2018年，它將吞噬掉國內(nèi)生

產(chǎn)總值的五分之一。定位句指出，過多資金投入醫(yī)療將無法維持有成效的經(jīng)濟(jì)。題

干中的maintain對應(yīng)原文中的sustain,故答案為H。

17、TheMedicarespendingonpatientswithsimilardiseasesvariessignificantlyfrom

placetoplace.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。定位句主要描述了達(dá)特茅斯的研究人員所發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題：

同樣病癥的病人，美國某些地方的醫(yī)保費(fèi)用是其他地方的兩倍。題干中的varies

significantly是對原文中的twiceasmuch…as…的推理概拈，故答案為E。

18、IntheUS,apanelofgovernmentexpertswasonceintendedtobeestablishedtocut

outunnecessarytreatments.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識點(diǎn)解析?：細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句講述了美國專家和議員們曾討論了是否給予一個(gè)

政府專家小組更大的權(quán)力來決定停止哪些治療以及辨別必要和不必要的治療，故答

案為G。

19、Afamilymemberofthedyingpatientsmaydemandheroicmeasuresoutofguilt.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。J段首句講述應(yīng)該鼓勵病人起草遺囑，讓人了解其臨終

愿望。定位句卻筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，提到不幸的是，如果照料病人的某位家庭成員要求果斷

地采取措施，那么這類文件會變得毫無用處。一位醫(yī)生指出，大部分時(shí)候是因?yàn)榧?/p>

屬的內(nèi)疚感。題干中的outofguilt對應(yīng)原文中的guiltisplayingarole,故答案為

20、Morehealthcaremayleadtoundesirableresultsbecausereceivingtreatmentin

hospitalitselfinvolvesriskslikeunpredictablecomplications.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識點(diǎn)解析：同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。F段第二句說很多地方醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)更多，但效果更糟；第

四句給出了原因，因?yàn)檫M(jìn)醫(yī)院本身就有危險(xiǎn)，比如感染、失誤，或其他意想不到的

并發(fā)癥。題干中的undesirableresults對應(yīng)原文中的worseoutcomes,故答案為F。

大學(xué)英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第2套

一、詞匯理解（本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。）

Overahundredyearsago,CharlesDickensshockedmanyofhisreaderswhenhe

describedtheconditionsunderwhichyoungchildrenworkedinBritishfactories.The

conditionsDickensdescribedcontinuealmost[Cl]todayinmanypartsofthe

world.Theonlydifferenceisthattoday[C2]ofchildrenislimitedtosmall

industriesandfamilybusinesses,suchashotels,restaurantsand[C3]farms,

ratherthantolargefactories.Girls[C4]morefromchildlaborpracticesthan

boys.Manyofthemareforcedtostartworkwhentheyareonlytenyearsold.Although

theworktheyaregiventodoisoften[C5],itisoftenharmfultotheirhealth.

[C6],childrenasyoungassixyearswerefoundtobeworkinginAsian

factories,andthechildrenwereworkingfromeighttofourteenhoursadayin

overcrowdedandunhealthyworkinglC7].Sometimesawholefamilygroupis

employed,withthe[C8]goingtoaparentorolderrelative.Thechildrennot

onlyreceivenothingorverylittlefbrtheirlonghourscfwork,butalsotheyare

preventedfromattendingschool.Therefore,whentheybecomeoldertheyarcunableto

doanyotherkindofwork.The[C9]totheproblemofchildlaborisclearly

betterlawstoprotectyoungchildren,greatersupervisionofindustryandheavierfinesfor

thosewhobreakthelaws.Onlyinthiswaycanyoungboysandgirlsbeallowedtoenjoy

themost[CIO]timeoftheirlives-children.A.elsewhereB.employmentC.

dissolvedD.lightE.recentlyF.solutionG.unchangedH.sufferI.conditionsJ.

perspectiveK.impatientL.valuableM.particularlyN.proceedO.payment

1、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為形容詞，表明conlinue的狀態(tài)。由本句的almost和下一句

的theonlydifference可知這種情況幾乎沒有改變，只有unchanged最合適。

2、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為名詞。本句提到的industriesandfamilybusinesses,hotels,

restaurants等都是小孩受雇的地方.山此可推斷空白處應(yīng)為employmento

3、[C3J

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為副詞或形容詞。詞庫中沒有符合本句句意的形容詞，因此答

案應(yīng)從副詞中尋找。作者在列舉了一系列小孩受雇的地方后，把farm放在最后是

為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，particularly就是答案。

4、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為動詞，可與from搭配。本文說的是童工問題，工作對童工

來說都是折磨，本句中的laborpractices和下一句中的areforcedto都暗示了這一

點(diǎn).因此空白處應(yīng)為suffer。

5、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為形容詞，修飾work。從本句Although一詞形成的對比關(guān)系

可以推斷，空白處的形容詞與主句中的harmful應(yīng)為詞義色彩相反的單詞，詞庫中

只有l(wèi)ight既符合本句的句意，也符合本句要求的詞義色彩。

6、[C6]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為副詞，作全句的狀語。本句表明童工的情況現(xiàn)在仍然存在于

亞洲，因此答案為recently。

7、[C7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為名詞。木句中的overcrowded和unhealthy都表明童工的工

作條件，因此空白處應(yīng)為表明"條件''的名詞，即conditions。

8、[C8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：0

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為名詞。從下一句提到的Thechildren...receivenothing可

以推斷本句表明童工的工資付給了他們的父母或年長的親人，因此paymem是本題

答案。

9、[C9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為名詞。句中提到的betterlaws,greatersupervision和heavier

fines等都表明這些是解決童工問題的方法，因此答案為solutiono

10、[CIO]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識點(diǎn)解析：此處應(yīng)為形容詞，修飾time一詞。本句表明解決了童工問題，兒童

就能重獲美好的時(shí)光。因此空白處應(yīng)是一個(gè)積極意義的形容詞，詞庫中只有

valuable符合詞性、詞義與色彩的要求。

二、長篇閱讀（本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。）

ANiceCupofTeaTheLegendaryOriginsofTeaA)Thestoryofteabeganinancient

Chinaover5,000yearsago.Accordingtolegend,ShenNung,anearlyemperorwasa

skilledruler,creativescientistandloverofthearts.Onesummerdaywhilevisitinga

distantregionofhisrealm,heandthecourtstoppedtorest.Theservantsbegantoboil

waterforthecourttodrink.Driedleavesfromthenearbybushfellintotheboilingwater,

andabrownliquidwasinfusedintothewater.Asascientist,theEmperorwasinterested

inthenewliquid,dranksome,andfounditveryrefreshing.Andso,accordingtolegend,

teawascreated.B)TeaconsumptionspreadthroughouttheChineseculturereachinginto

everyaspectofthesociety.In800A.D.LuYuwrotethefirstdefinitivebookontea,the

Ch'aChing.ThisamazingmanwasanorphanandraisedbyscholarlyBuddhistmonksin

oneofChina'siinestmonasteries.However,asayoungman,herebelledagainstthe

disciplineofpriestlytrainingwhichhadmadehimaskilledobserver.Hisfameasa

performerincreasedwitheachyear,buthefelthislifelackedmeaning.Finally,inmid-

life,heretiredforfiveyearsintoseclusion.Drawingfromhisvastmemoryofobserved

eventsandplaces,hecodified(編撰)lhevariousmethodsofteacultivationand

preparationinancientChina.Thevastdefinitivenatureofhiswork,projectedhiminto

nearsainthoodwithinhisownlifetime.PatronizedbytheEmperorhimself,hiswork

clearlyshowedtheZenBuddhistphilosophytowhichhewasexposedasachild.Itwas

thisformofteaservicethatZenBuddhistmissionarieswouldlaterintroducetoimperial

Japan.EuropeLearnsofTeaC)Whileteawasatthishighlevelofdevelopmentinboth

JapanandChina,informationconcerning(histhenunknownbeveragebegantofilter

backtoEurope.Earliercaravanleadershadmentionedit,butwereunclearastoits

serviceformatorappearance.(Onereferencesuggeststheleavesbeboiled,sailed,

buttered,andeaten!)ThefirstEuropeantopersonallyencounterteaandwriteaboutitwas

(hePortugueseJesuitFatherJasperdeCruzin1560.Portugal,withhertechnologically

advancednavy,hadbeensuccessfulingainingthefirstrightoftradewithChina.Itwas

asamissionaryonthatfirstcommercialmissionthatFatherdeCruzhadtastedteafour

yearsbefore.D)ThePortuguesedevelopedatraderoutebywhichtheyshippedtheirtea

toLisbon,andthenDutchshipstransportedittoFrance,Holland,andtheBaltic

countries.(AtthattimeHollandwaspoliticallyaffiliatedwithPortugal.Whenthis

alliancewasalteredin1602,Holland,withherexcellentnavy,enteredintofullPacific

tradeinherownright.)GreatBritainwasthelastofthethreegreatsea-faringnationsto

breakintotheChineseandEastIndiantraderoutes.Thiswasdueinparttotheunsteady

ascensiontothethroneoftheStuartsandtheCromwellianCivilWar.Thefirstsamples

ofteareachedEnglandbetween1652and1654.Teaquicklyprovedpopularenoughto

replacealeasthenationaldrinkofEngland.E)AsinHolland,itwasthenobilitythat

providedthenecessarystampofapprovalandsoinsureditsacceptance.KingCharlesII

hadmarried,whileinexile,thePortugueseInfantaCatherinedeBraganza(1662).Charles

himselfhadgrownupintheDutchcapital.Asaresult,bothheandhisPortuguesebride

wereconfirmedteadrinkers.Whenthemonarchywasre-established,thetworulers

broughtthisforeignteatraditiontoEnglandwiththem.Asearlyas1600ElizabethIhad

foundedtheJohnCompanyforthepurposeofpromotingAsiantrade.WhenCatherinede

BraganzamarriedCharlesshebroughtaspartofherdowrytheterritoriesofTangierand

Bombay.Suddenly,theJohnCompanyhadabaseofoperations.F)Teamaniaswept

acrossEnglandasithadearlierspreadthroughoutFranceandHolland.Teaimportation

rosefrom40,000poundsin\699toanannualaverageof240,000poundsby1708.Tea

wasdrunkbyalllevelsofsociety.G)PriortotheintroductionofteaintoBritain,the

Englishhadtwomainmeals—breakfastanddinner.Breakfastwasale,breadandbeef.

Dinnerwasalong,massivemealattheendoftheday.ItwasnowonderthatAnna,the

DuchessofBedford(1788-1861)experienceda"sinkingfeeling"inthelateafternoon.

AdoptingtheEuropeanteaserviceformat,sheinvitedfriendstojoinherforanadditional

afternoonmealatfiveo'clockinherroomsatBelvoirCastle.Themenucenteredaround

smallcakes,breadandbuttersandwiches,assortedsweets,and,ofcourse,tea.This

summerpracticeprovedsopopular,theDuchesscontinueditwhenshereturnedto

London,sendingcardstoherfriendsaskingthemtojoinherfor"teaandawalkingthe

fields."(Londonatthattimestillcontainedlargeopenmeadowswithinthecity.)The

practiceolinvitingfriendstocomelorteaintheafternoonwasquicklypickedupby

othersocialhostesses.Acommonpatternofservicesoonmerged.Thefirstpotofteawas

madeinthekitchenandcarriedtotheladyofthehousewhowaitedwithherinvited

guests,surroundedbyfineporcelainfromChina.Thefirstpotwaswarmedbythehostess

fromasecondpot(usuallysilver)thatwaskeptheatedoverasmallflame.Foodandtea

wasthenpassedamongtheguests,themainpurposeofthevisitingbeingconversation.

TeaCuisineH)Tcacuisinequicklyexpandedinrangetoquicklyincludewaferthin

crustlesssandwiches,shrimporfishpaste,toastedbreadswithjams,andregionalBritish

pastriessuchasscones(Scottish)andcrumpets(English).Atthistimetwodistinctformsof

teaservicesevolved:"High"and"Low"."Low"Tea(servedinthelowpartofthe

afternoon)wasservedinaristocratichomesofthewealthyandfeaturedsmalldelicious

foodratherthansolidmeals.Theemphasiswasonpresentationandconversation."High"

Teaor"MeatTea"wasthemainor"High"mealoftheday.Itwasthemajormealofthe

middleandlowerclassesandconsistedofmostlyfulldinneritemssuchasroastbeef,

mashedpotatoes,peas,andofcourse,tea.I)Teawasthemajorbeverageservedinthe

coffeehouses,buttheyweresonamedbecausecoffeearrivedinEnglandsomeyears

beforetea.Exclusivelyformen,theywerecalled"PennyUniversities"becausefora

pennyanymancouldobtainapotoftea,acopyofthenewspaper,andengagein

conversationwiththesharpestwitsoftheday.Thevarioushousesspecializedinselected

areasofinterest,someservingattorneys,someauthors,othersthemilitary.Theywerethe

forerunneroftheEnglishgentlemen'sprivateclub.Onesuchbeveragehousewasowned

byEdwardLloydandwasfavoredbyshipowners,merchantsandmarineinsurers.That

simpleshopwastheoriginofLloyd's,theworldwideinsurancefirm.Attemptstoclose

thecoffeehousesweremadethroughouttheeighteenthcenturybecauseofthefree

speechtheyencouraged,butsuchmeasuresprovedsounpopulartheywerealways

quicklyrevoked.J)ExperiencingtheDutch"taverngardenteas'1,theEnglishdeveloped

theideaofTeaGardens.Hereladiesandgentlementooktheirteaoutofdoors

surroundedbyentertainmentsuchasorchestras,hiddenarbors,floweredwalks,bowling

greens,concerts,gambling,orfireworksatnight.ItwasatjustsuchaTeaGardenthat

LordNelson,whodefeatedNapoleonbysea,metthegreatloveofhislife,Emma,later

LadyHamilton.Womenwerepermittedtoenteramixed,publicgatheringforthefirst

timewithoutsocialcriticism.Asthegardenswerepublic,Britishsocietymixedhere

freelyforthefirsttime,cuttingacrosslinesofclassandbirth.

11、Throughouttheeighteenthcentury,coffeehouseswereonceforcedtoclosebecause

theyencouragedthefreespeech.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識點(diǎn)解析:根據(jù)題目的coffeehouses和freespeech可定位到I段。該段最后一句

說到，咖啡館里鼓勵自由言論，在18世紀(jì)當(dāng)局曾兒次試圖關(guān)閉咖啡館，題目意思

與此相同，故選I。

12、BeforeteawasshippedtoEngland,itsnationaldrinkwasale.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D-

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目的關(guān)鍵信息nationaldrink,ale可定位到D段。該段最后兩

句談到，第一批茶在運(yùn)到英國后，迅速流行并代替麥芽啤酒成為英國的國飲，題目

信息與此相符。

13、Thepracticeofarranginganadditionalafternoonmeal,raisedbyAnna,wassoon

spreadtoothersocialhostesses.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的人名Anna可定位到G段，該段倒數(shù)第6句的The

practice...pickedupby...與題目的Thepractice...spreadto…表達(dá)的意

思相近，故選G。

14、Thecoffeehouses,alsocalled"PennyUniversities",offeredteaasthemajor

beverage.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目的專有名詞“PennyUniversities”可定位到I段，該段首句提

到，茶是咖啡館主要的飲品，而第2句提到咖啡館被稱為PennyUniversities,結(jié)合

這兩句，即為題目信息。

15、Ateaservicecalled'Low"teawasprovidedinaristocratichomesofthewealthyin

theafternoon.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H

知識點(diǎn)解析：H段介紹了“高”茶和“低”茶兩種不同的飲茶形式。題目跟該段第3句

的意，忠相同，只是將原文的served改為了provided.故選H。

16、WhenLuYuwasachild,hewasgreatlyinfluencedbytheBuddhistphilosophy.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的人名LuYu可定位到B段。該段倒數(shù)第2句中說到，

陸羽在《茶經(jīng)》中明顯表露出了他在孩童時(shí)代就接觸到的禪宗哲學(xué)，由此可看出他

在孩童時(shí)代就深受佛學(xué)的影響。故選B。

17、ItwasintheTeaGardenthatBritishsocietymixedfreelyforthefirsttime,

regardlessofclassandbirth.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞TeaGarden不難定位到J段，該段最后一句表示在茶園各

階層可以自由交流，其中acrosslinesofdassandbirth對應(yīng)題目中的regardlessof

classandbirth,故選J。

18、InordertoimproveAsiantrade,QueenElizabethIestablishedtheJohnCompany.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題目中的QueenElizabethI以及JohnCompany等關(guān)鍵詞可定位

到E段，該段倒數(shù)第3句提到，伊麗莎白一世成立約翰公司以促進(jìn)亞洲貿(mào)易，由

此可看出題目信息來自本段，應(yīng)選E。

19、Tea,drunkbyalllevelsofsociety,sweptacrossEnglandquicklyasitlandedinthe

country.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題H的關(guān)犍佶息alllevelofsociety?sweptacrossEngland可定位

到F段。F段第一句就表明了茶在英國的狂熱形勢，再結(jié)合F段最后一句的內(nèi)容即

為本題的意思。

20NAPortuguesepriestwasthefirstpersontowriteaboutteainEurope.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)Portuguese以及hefirstperson可迅速定位到C段，該段倒數(shù)第3

句中的Father指的是“神父”，題目的priest是對其的同義改寫。

三、仔細(xì)閱讀（本題共10題，每題1.0分，共70分。）

InastepthatshouldhelpmaketheInternetsaferforconsumers,anti-virusgiant

SymanteconWednesdaywillintroduceaprotectionsystemdesignedtoanticipatenew

ill-meaningprogramsthattrytostealontoyourcomputer.Fordecades,anti-virus

protectionhasworkedbyreactingtonewill-meaningprograms.Researchersrushto

identifybadcode,thencreateanddistributefiltersforitButcybcrcriminalshavegotso

fastatescapingthelatestfiltersthatprotectionoftencomestoolate.Symantec'snew

system,calledQuorum,continuouslypredictswhetheranynewprogramthatattemptsto

runonyourPCisgoodorbadItthentakesstepstoisolatethebad