WELCOMEUNIT第一部分“高考話題”題型組合練(十一)語(yǔ)言及語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律和方法題組41Ⅰ閱讀(2025·江蘇省常州市高三期中)BritishandAmericanEnglishhavemutually(相互的)influencedeachotherforcenturies,butthereactionstotheselinguistic(語(yǔ)言的)exchangesaredifferentonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.BritishintellectualsoftencomplainaboutAmericanisms,suchas“24/7”or“touchbase”，whichareviewedasanattackatthepurityofBritishEnglish.However,asBenYagodadiscussesinGob

smacked！，AmericanshappilyadoptBritishisms.Wordslike“cheeky”and“dodgy”haveenteredtheAmericanvocabulary,oftenthroughmedialikeThe

Crown.ThisflowofBritishtermstotheUShasgonemostlyunnoticed,thoughBritishpeopleremaincriticalofAmericanism.Yagodatracesthehistoryofthisexchange,notingthatmanyBritishtermshaveexistedinAmericanlanguageovertheyears.Forinstance,militaryslang(俚語(yǔ))fromBritishsoldiers,suchas“bonkers”or“cushy”，becamecommoninAmericanEnglishduringtheearly20thcentury.TheriseoftheInternethasonlyexpeditedthisexchange,withBritishphrasesnowappearingregularlyinAmericanmedia.DespitethefrequentadoptionofBritishismsbyAmericans,theoppositeexchange—BritsacceptingAmericanisms—receivesfarmorecriticism.Britishcommentators,likeSimonHeffer,describethespreadofAmericanslangasa“l(fā)inguisticpollution”criticizingitsinfluenceonBritishEnglish.ShowslikeFriendsareoftenblamedfortheriseofAmericanphrasesinBritishspeech,like“CanIget...？”incoffeeshops.WhileBritishtermsareoftenseenasattractiveintheUS,AmericanismstendtobeperceivednegativelyinBritain,withlistshighlightingthings“Americanssaywrong.”Intheend,thislinguisticexchangerevealsbroaderculturaldynamics.BritishcriticsmightviewAmericanismsascrude(粗俗的),whileAmericansdelightintheperceivedsuperiorityandquirkinessofBritishslang.Bothcountriescontinuetoshapeeachother'slanguage,whetherthroughmedia,travel,ordigitalcommunication,reflectingacomplexrelationshipbetweenthetwonations'linguisticidentities.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)之間的詞匯交流歷史、現(xiàn)狀及其所反映的文化動(dòng)態(tài)。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expedited”mostprobablymean?A．Speededup. B．Accepted.C．Broughtback. D．Challenged.解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TheriseoftheInternethasonlyexpeditedthisexchange,withBritishphrasesnowappearingregularlyinAmericanmedia.”可知，英式短語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在美國(guó)媒體中，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的興起只是加速了這種交流。expedited意為“加速”。故選A。2．Whatis“CanIget...？”incoffeeshopsviewedasinBritisheyes?A．Simple. B．Humorous.C．Unique. D．Crude.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，雖然英國(guó)詞匯在美國(guó)通常被視為有吸引力，但美國(guó)詞匯在英國(guó)往往被負(fù)面看待，《老友記》也因出現(xiàn)“CanIget...？”等美式短語(yǔ)被指責(zé)。由此可推知，“CanIget...？”被英國(guó)人視為粗俗的。故選D。3．Whatdoestheauthoragreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Languageandculturearemutuallyconnected.B．BritishEnglishissuperiortoAmericanEnglish.C．BothEnglisheswillbecomemorecomplicated.D．AmericaandBritainhaveacomplexrelationship.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Intheend,thislinguisticexchangerevealsbroaderculturaldynamics.”和“Bothcountriescontinue...twonations'linguisticidentities.”可知，語(yǔ)言交流揭示了更廣泛的文化動(dòng)態(tài)，兩國(guó)都在繼續(xù)塑造彼此的語(yǔ)言，由此可推知，作者同意語(yǔ)言和文化是相互聯(lián)系的這一觀點(diǎn)。故選A。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．TheglobalimpactofAmericanismsonBritishEnglish.B．ThereasonforBritishslang'swinningoverAmericans.C．MutuallinguisticinfluencebetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.D．ThedeclineofBritishEnglishinAmerica.解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段中的“BritishandAmericanEnglish...bothsidesoftheAtlantic.”可知，文章主要講述了英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)之間的相互影響。故選C。(2025·山東省青島市黃島區(qū)高三期中)At75yearsold,GedaQawlafindshimselfforgettingmoreandmorewords:thenamesoftreesortypesofbird.AsoneofjustfiveremainingspeakersofOngota,hegetsfewopportunitiestospeakhismothertongue.ThedeclineofthisEthiopiantongueisasmallpartofagloballinguisticcrisis.Currently,alanguagedieseverytwoweeks.Ifthistrendcontinues,halfofthe7，000languagesspokentodaycouldgosilentbytheendofthiscentury.Mostatriskarethe50percentoflanguagesthatlackawrittenform,andthosethatarespokenby10，000peopleorfewer.Thebiggestdriversaretechnologyandglobalisation.Asregionsbecomemoreinterconnected,speakersofsmallerlanguagesarecomingunderpressuretodroptheirmothertongueinfavourofbiggerlanguages.Increasinglevelsofmigrationalsoplayarole,cuttingspeakersofffromtheirnativelanguagesandforcingthemtoadoptnewones.Somelanguageshavebeenbroughtbackfromtheextinction.Theselanguageswerethesubjectsofdecades-long“revitalisationprogrammes”，involvingsustainedinvestmentsinschools,mediaandevenroadsigns.Formostlanguages,however,therearefewresourcesforthis,includingOngota.ResearchersatnearbyArbaMinchUniversityareworkingonadictionaryoftheOngotalanguageinthehopeofpreservingit.Severalyoung,educatedOngotaarealsokeentopreservethelanguage.TheseincludeWorroMolle,25,acivilservantinthenearbytown,whoistryingtolearnitbyhimselfwiththeaidofanoldhandbook.“Thislanguageispartofme，”hesaid.ForSavà，theItaliananthropologist,thedisappearanceofOngotawouldbeatragedy.“Whenyoulosealanguage,youlosearichness,avisionoftheworldthatiscompletelyunique.”篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了小語(yǔ)種逐漸消亡的現(xiàn)象，分析了背后的原因及急需語(yǔ)言復(fù)興的現(xiàn)狀。5．WhattroublesGedaabouttheOngotalanguage?A．Helacksenoughlanguagepractice.B．Thelanguagehasnewchangesinwords.C．Fewwanttolearnthelanguagefromhim.D．Itisforbiddentousethelanguageinpublic.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Asoneof...hismothertongue.(作為說(shuō)昂戈塔語(yǔ)僅存的五人之一，他很少有機(jī)會(huì)說(shuō)自己的母語(yǔ)。)”可知，Geda(杰達(dá))缺乏足夠的語(yǔ)言練習(xí)的場(chǎng)合，導(dǎo)致自己忘記了越來(lái)越多的單詞。故選A。6．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Whatlanguagesrequireprotection.B．Howtechnologychangeslanguages.C．Measurestopreserveendangeredlanguages.D．Reasonsforthedeclineofsmallerlanguages.解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段(最大的驅(qū)動(dòng)力是技術(shù)和全球化。隨著各地區(qū)之間的聯(lián)系越來(lái)越緊密，使用小語(yǔ)種的人正面臨著放棄母語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)而使用大語(yǔ)種的壓力。不斷增加的移民水平也起到了一定的作用，他們脫離了自己的母語(yǔ)，被迫采用新的語(yǔ)言。)可知，本段主要講述小語(yǔ)種衰落的原因。故選D。7．WhatdoesWorroMollethinkoftheOngotalanguage?A．Itisinvaluable.B．Ithasabrightfuture.C．Itisdifficulttolearn.D．Itrequirespromoting.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Severalyoung...‘Thislanguageispartofme，’hesaid.”可知，WorroMolle(沃羅·莫勒)認(rèn)為昂戈塔語(yǔ)是自己的一部分，他正在努力自學(xué)并保護(hù)這種語(yǔ)言，由此可推知，他覺(jué)得它是極為寶貴的。故選A。8．Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Tointroduceamanwithararelanguage.B．Tostresstherichnessofworldlanguages.C．Toexploreasocialphenomenonoflanguages.D．Topresentaresearchonalanguageprogramme.解析：推理判斷題。本文說(shuō)明了小語(yǔ)種逐漸消亡的現(xiàn)象，分析了背后的原因及急需復(fù)興的現(xiàn)實(shí)，由此可推知，本文的目的是探索語(yǔ)言的一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。故選C。(2025·廣西南寧市銀海三雅學(xué)校高三綜合訓(xùn)練)In2019,Colemanstartedtakingonlineclassesinalesser-knownlanguage:OwensValleyPaiute.Butitwasnoteasy.ColemanisamemberoftheBigPinePaiuteTribeofOwensValley—andPaiuteishisfather'sancestrallanguage.“Mydaddidn'tgrowupspeakingthelanguage—likemanyfamilies,itwasforcedoutofusebyboardingschoolswherespeakingthelanguagewasforbidden.Andtherewasnolanguage-basedlanguagemodels(LLMs)tohelpme.ButI'mluckymygreat-grandparentssatdownwithscientiststodocumentthelanguageandtocreaterecordingssoIcanheartheirvoicesandwords，”saidColeman.ChatGPTandotherLLMsexhibithuman-levelperformanceonmanynatural-languagetasksinEnglish,becauseone-fifthoftheworldspeaksEnglish.ButPaiuteisregardedasa“no-resourcelanguage”，meaningtherearenopubliclyavailablePaiutesentencestranslatedintoEnglishonwhichtotrainamachinelearningmodel.Inanewpaper,ColemanandhisprofessorKrishnamachariproposeamachinetranslationapproachcalledLLM-RBMT(Rule-BasedMachineTranslation)tohelppeoplelearnno-resourcelanguages.Intheirmethod,theLLMdoesnottranslateintoorfromOwensValleyPaiute.Instead,itgivesguidancetotherule-basedtranslators,whichrelyongrammaticalandvocabularyrulestotranslatebetweenlanguages.Thismethod,saidColeman,mirrorshowlanguagelearnersnaturallyspeakbymixingknownandunknownwords,makingitapracticaltoolforreal-worlduse.LLM'sremarkablegeneral-purposelanguageskillsmakethemapromisingtoolinhelpingrevitalize(復(fù)興)criticallyendangeredlanguages.Colemanalsobuiltandmaintainedasuiteofdigitaltoolsrelatedtolanguagerevitalization,namedKubishior“brain”inPaiute,includinganonlinedictionary,andasentence-builderandtranslationsystemenabledbythisresearch.Forhispart,Colemancreditshistribe'smembers,pastandpresent,forpavingthepath.“Alotofpeopleinmytribehavebeenworkingforalongtimeondifferentlanguagerevitalizationefforts,includingclasses,dictionaries,recordings，”saidColeman.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了Coleman(科爾曼)在復(fù)興瀕危的OwensValleyPaiute語(yǔ)言方面的努力，他提出了一種被稱為L(zhǎng)LM-RBMT的機(jī)器翻譯方法，以保護(hù)和推廣瀕危的語(yǔ)言。9．HowdidColemanlearnPaiuteinitially?A．ByturningtoanLLM.B．Bytakingacourseatschool.C．Byreferringtoprinteddocuments.D．Byhearingthecreatedrecordings.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ButI'mlucky...voicesandwords”可知，Coleman最初是通過(guò)聽錄音學(xué)習(xí)Paiute這種語(yǔ)言的。故選D。10．WhydidtheauthormentionChatGPT?A．ToindicatetheprogressofAI.B．ToshowthepopularityofEnglish.C．Torecommendalanguagelearningtool.D．TostressthechallengeofdevelopingLLM-RBMT.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，ChatGPT在許多用英語(yǔ)完成的語(yǔ)言任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)出了人類一樣的水平，而Paiute是一種無(wú)資源語(yǔ)言，不能翻譯成英語(yǔ)來(lái)訓(xùn)練機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)模型。由此可推知，作者提到ChatGPT是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)研發(fā)LLM-RBMT所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。故選D。11．HowdoesColeman'smachinetranslationapproachwork?A．Itbasesitsperformanceongrammarrules.B．Ithelpstoguidetherule-basedtranslators.C．Itcorrectsgrammarmistakesduringtranslation.D．ItdirectlytranslatesPaiuteintootherlanguages.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Intheirmethod...translatebetweenlanguages.”可知，這種新的機(jī)器翻譯方法是為基于規(guī)則的譯者提供指導(dǎo)。故選B。12．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlytalkingabout?A．Thecooperationbetweenindividuals.B．Coleman'stalentsandlearninggoals.C．Coleman'scontributionsandgratitude.D．Themaintaskoflanguagerevitalization.解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，Coleman還構(gòu)建并維護(hù)了一套與語(yǔ)言復(fù)興相關(guān)的數(shù)字工具，并感謝他所在部落的成員長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直在努力進(jìn)行不同的語(yǔ)言復(fù)興工作，由此可知，最后一段主要介紹了Coleman在恢復(fù)瀕危語(yǔ)言方面做出的貢獻(xiàn)以及他對(duì)部落人們的感謝。故選C。Ⅱ七選五(2025·遼寧省點(diǎn)石聯(lián)考高三期中)HowtoLearnaNewLanguageFromSubtitles(字幕)ofMoviesInordertolearnanewlanguage,peoplemostlytakeaspecialclass.__1__Yes,“SUBTITLES”.Inthisarticle,IamgoingtotellyouhowtolearnEnglishfromsubtitles.Firstwatchavideooramoviewithoutsubtitles.Whenyouwatchanyvideoinyourtargetlanguage,initially,turnoffthesubtitlesifyoucan.__2__Ifyoudon'thavethechoicetoturnoffthesubtitles,justignoreitandfocusonthevideo.Turnonthesubtitlesandwatchagain.Iftherearealotofwordsandphrasesyoudidn'tgetfromthevideo,watchthevideowithsubtitlesthistime.Focusontheaccent,pronunciationofthenewwordsandphrasesandhowtheyareused.__3__Studentsmostlyforgetnewvocabularytheyjustlearnedintherecentpast.Oneofthebestwaystorememberwhateveryoulearnisbywritingitdownonyournotebookornote-takingappsonyourcellphonesandusingitmeanwhileyouspeak.Turnthesubtitlesbackoffandwatch.Youhavewatchedthevideomanytimesandnotedthewordsandphrases.Nowyouhavebeenfamiliarwiththosewordsandphrases.Thenturnthesubtitlesbackoffandwatchthevideoagain.Payattentiontothewordsandphrasesyouhavenoteddown.__4__Printoutthesubtitles,readandrecordyourvoice.WhenlisteningtoanyEnglishdocumentaries,printoutthesubtitles,thenreadandrecordyourvoice.__5__Thishelpsyoufindoutyourweaknessesandcorrectyourmispronouncedwordsandmakeyouraccentsoundlikeanativespeaker's.A．Youcanalsorecordthewholevideo.B．Bydoingso,youwillbemorefamiliarwiththem.C．Someresourcesonvideowebsitesgiveyouthisoption.D．Don'tworryifyoudon'tcomprehendsomenewwords.E．Notedownthenewwords,idioms,phrasesandgrammarrules.F．Listenbacktoyourrecordingandcompareyourswiththemainsource.G．Butthereisanothermethodwhichcanhelpyouwiththelanguageyoulearn.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何通過(guò)看視頻或電影的字幕來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一種新語(yǔ)言。解析：上文“Inordertolearnanewlanguage,peoplemostlytakeaspecialclass.”指出人們通常學(xué)習(xí)一種新語(yǔ)言的方式是通過(guò)參加專門的課程，下文“Yes,‘SUBTITLES’...Englishfromsubtitles.”介紹了通過(guò)看字幕學(xué)習(xí)新語(yǔ)言。G項(xiàng)(但是還有另一種方法可以幫助你學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。)承上啟下。故選G。1.答案：G解析：上文“Whenyouwatch...ifyoucan.”建議人們關(guān)掉字幕。C項(xiàng)(一些視頻網(wǎng)站資源給了你這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。)承接上文，且其中的option指代上文中的turnoffthesubtitlesifyoucan。故選C。2.答案：C解析：設(shè)空處為段落主旨句，應(yīng)概括本段內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“Studentsmostlyforget...meanwhileyouspeak.”可知，本段主要介紹最好的能夠記牢所學(xué)內(nèi)容的方法之一就是記下來(lái)，然后在說(shuō)的時(shí)候使用。E項(xiàng)(記下生詞、習(xí)語(yǔ)、短語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則。)概括段落大意。故選E。3.答案：E解析：上文“Youhavewatched...youhavenoteddown.”指出讓人們?cè)趯?duì)詞匯熟悉之后再看沒(méi)有字幕的視頻，注意記下來(lái)的詞匯以便讓自己對(duì)它們更加熟悉。B項(xiàng)(這樣做，你會(huì)更熟悉它們。)承接上文。故選B。4.答案：B解析：上文“Whenlisteningto...recordyourvoice.”建議人們打印字幕，然后朗讀并錄音。F項(xiàng)(回聽一遍你的錄音，并將你的錄音和原始音頻進(jìn)行比較。)承接上文，解釋上文做法的目的。故選F。5.答案：FⅢ語(yǔ)法填空(2025·八省聯(lián)考)In2010,theUNDepartmentofGlobalCommunicationsinstitutedlanguagedaysforeachoftheorganization'ssixofficiallanguages.Thegoalwastwo－fold:__1__(celebrate)culturaldiversityaswellastopromotetheequaluseofallsix__2__(tongue).Languageisthecarrierofcommunication,thebridgeofinteractionbetweennations,__3__thebondofunderstandingamongcivilizations.Atthesametime,alanguageanditsindividual__4__(write)formsmakeupthe“soul”ofanationaltradition.Everylanguageisworthyofrespectandshould__5__(treat)equally.TheUNChineseLanguageDaynotonlyprovidesauniqueplatform__6__theworldtobetterunderstandChina,butalso__7__(promote)languageandculturalexchangesintheworld.Today,morethan70countrieshaveincludedtheChineselanguageintheireducationsystems.Chineseplaysanincreasinglyimportantrolein__8__(improve)communicationandcooperationbetweenChinaand__9__restoftheworld.AsmoreandmoreforeignersstarttostudytheC