WELCOMEUNIT第一部分“高考話題”題型組合練(十二)國家地理及歷史題組47Ⅰ閱讀(2025·重慶巴蜀中學高考適應性月考)AcrosstheflatplateauofAlUlainSaudiArabia,shadesofgray-brownsoilaredottedwithareasofdarkrock—andaclearlydefinedcircleofstones.Unmistakablyconstructedbyhumans,thisstructure,called“standingstonecircles”byArchaeologists,wasbuiltaround7，500yearsagobyapeoplewebarelyknowforapurposewehavelongmisunderstood.In2019,archaeologistsfromtheUniversityofWesternAustraliabeganexcavating(發(fā)掘)thesestandingstonecircles.TheirinitialideawasthatthesewerestructuresbuiltbyNeolithicnomads(新石器時代的游牧民)forsomelong-forgottenreligiouspractices.However,excavatingatmultiplesites,theyfoundwhatturnedouttobearchaeologicalpaydirt—domesticrubbish.Theremainsofdiscardedanimalbones,householdtools,andevenjewelry,havereclassifiedthestandingstonecirclesasNeolithichomes.Standingstonecirclesseemtohavesprunguparound5，800to5，500BC.Thiscoincidedwithawarmerclimateintheregionthatbroughtmoreregularrainfallandalandscapeofrichgrassesandtrees,goodconditionsforraisingcattleandgoats.Butthesewerealsogoodconditionsforbuildingpermanentstructures.Moreabundantvegetationmeantlesspressuretokeepmovingtheanimalstofreshgrasslands,whichmadebuildinghomesmoreworthwhile.This,andtheplateau'sabundanceofstones,mayhaveencouragedthenomadstostayawhileandbuild.Excavationsofthesesettlementsarerevealingsomethingofthispeople'swayoflife.Theykeptcattleandgoatsformeat,butcontinuedtohuntandgathertoexpandtheirdietwithhare,fruitsandnuts.Themanygrinding(磨碎)stonesfoundonthesitessuggestinhabitantswereregularlygrindinggrains,butthesewerelikelytobegatheredratherthanfarmed.TheplateausiteshavealsorevealedtoolsmadewithmaterialsfromthesandstonevalleysandjewelryshapedfromshellsfromtheRedSea—theseNeolithicpeoplehadacomplexcultureinvolvingtravelandprobablyexchange.TherevelationoverturnsmanyofourassumptionsaboutNeolithicAlUla.Herewereapeoplemoresettledandmorecivilizedthanhistoryhasgiventhemcreditfor.Theirstoryisjustbeginningtoberevealed,butalreadyaverydifferentpictureofearlyAlUlaisemerging.篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了沙特一處新石器時代的建筑的發(fā)現(xiàn)讓考古學家對沙特新石器時代的游牧民有了新的認識。1．Whatdidthe2019excavationfinallyidentifythe“standingstonecircles”as?A．Religioussites. B．Naturalwonders.C．Rubbishstations. D．Domesticbuildings.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theremainsof...asNeolithichomes.(被丟棄的動物骨頭、家用工具，甚至珠寶，重新將站立的石頭圈歸類為新石器時代的房屋。)”可知，該建筑是新石器時代游牧民建立的住宅建筑。故選D。2．Whatwasacontributingfactorinthebuildingofthestandingstonecircles?A．Therichnessofplants.B．Theworseningclimate.C．Theneedtostoregoods.D．Thedesiretoraisemoreanimals.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Moreabundantvegetation...buildinghomesmoreworthwhile.”可知，豐富的植被是促進游牧民定居的重要因素。故選A。3．WhatismostlikelytobeknownaboutNeolithicpeople'swayoflifeinAlUla?A．Theyhadinteractionswithothergroups.B．Theyplantedcropsandkeptcattleandgoats.C．Theyreliedentirelyonhuntingandgatheringforfood.D．Theymadetoolsandjewelrypurelyfromlocalmaterials.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“theseNeolithicpeoplehadacomplexcultureinvolvingtravelandprobablyexchange”可推知，新石器時期的沙特游牧民可能和其他地區(qū)的群體有往來。故選A。4．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Topromoteahistoricalsite.B．Toprovidesomenewinsights.C．Tointroduceanancientpopulation.D．Toargueforsomelong-heldbeliefs.解析：推理判斷題。本文介紹了沙特一處新石器時代的建筑的發(fā)現(xiàn)推翻了考古學家之前對于沙特新石器時代游牧民的設想，讓考古學家對該地區(qū)游牧民的生活方式有了新的認識。由此可推知，本文的寫作目的是提供一些新的見解。故選B。Ⅱ完形填空(2025·江蘇省南通如皋市高三期中)Imaginingahumanbeingwithouthistoricalsenseisscary.__1__stillisthethoughtofanentiregenerationoperatingfromapositionofhistoricalignorance.Andyetthatisexactlythe__2__inwhichwefindourselvestoday.Thepeopleandeventsofhistorymaybe__3__inthepast,buthowwetalkaboutthosethings,whatwewriteaboutthem,andhowwe__4__themtellusalotaboutwhoweareandwhatwe__5__rightnow.Thinkingofourselvesasachapterinanunwrittenhistorybookislikelytoforcedeep__6__.Whosestorieswillwechampion?Whatvalueswillwedefend?Whatmodelswillweofferensuing(隨后的)generations?Noothersubjecthelpsustounderstandso__7__whatitistobehuman.Butthe__8__isn'tentirelysurprisinggiventhedowngradedstatusofhistoryinmostschools.Historyis__9__itsplaceinthecurriculumwithgeography,butitsattentiontotime,placeandcontextiswhatmakesitreally__10__.Inotherwords,historydoesn'tsimplytellushowtobegoodcitizens.It__11__uswiththeknowledgeweneedtocomprehendourworldclearly,andtheabilityto__12__itaccurately.Clearly,inanageof“fakenews”，weneedtobe__13__thinkers.Thereisnobettersubjectthanhistorytodevelopa(n)__14__ofcontextandanabilitytoexamineevidence.Justasweanticipateamathcurriculumthatsystematicallybuildsonblocksofknowledge,weshouldalso__15__alogicalhistorycurriculumforourchildren.篇章導讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了歷史教育的重要性，呼吁加強歷史課程以培養(yǎng)批判性思維和理解能力。1．A．Funnier B．ScarierC．Rarer D．Harder解析：funnier更滑稽的；scarier更令人害怕的；rarer更罕見的；harder更困難的。根據(jù)上文“Imaginingahumanbeingwithouthistoricalsenseisscary.”可知，整個一代人都對歷史無知會更加讓人害怕。故選B。2．A.situation B．a(chǎn)tmosphereC．relationship D．experience解析：situation情況；atmosphere氣氛；relationship關(guān)系；experience經(jīng)驗。根據(jù)上文“Andyetthatisexactlythe”可知，這正是我們當前所面臨的狀況。故選A。3．A.transformed B．rootedC．understood D．a(chǎn)bsorbed解析：transform改變；root根植；understand理解；absorb吸收。根據(jù)下文“inthepast”可知，此處指歷史人物和事件根植于過去。故選B。4．A.compose B．designC．teach D．record解析：compose創(chuàng)作；design設計；teach教授；record記錄。此處是并列的三個主語從句，根據(jù)上文“talk”和“write”可知，這里用“教授”更符合語境。故選C。5．A.abandon B．possessC．witness D．value解析：句意：歷史上的人物和事件可能根植于過去，但我們?nèi)绾握務撨@些事情、我們寫什么以及我們?nèi)绾谓淌谒鼈兏嬖V我們很多關(guān)于我們是誰以及我們現(xiàn)在看重什么的信息。abandon拋棄；possess擁有；witness見證；value重視。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示我們當前所看重的是什么。故選D。6．A.self-awareness B．self-controlC．self-reflection D．self-management解析：self-awareness自我意識；self-control自我控制；self-reflection自我反思；self-management自我管理。根據(jù)上文“Thinkingofourselves”可知，把自己想象成一本尚未書寫的歷史書中的一個章節(jié)，可能會迫使我們深刻地自我反思。故選C。7．A.comprehensively B．instantlyC．readily D．independently解析：句意：沒有任何其他學科能比歷史更全面地幫助我們了解什么是做人。comprehensively全面地；instantly立即；readily容易地；independently獨立地。故選A。8．A.argument B．commentC．conclusion D．ignorance解析：argument爭論；comment評論；conclusion結(jié)論；ignorance無知。根據(jù)上文“historicalignorance”可知，此處指人們對于歷史的無知。故選D。9．A.gettingback B．fightingforC．holdingonto D．puttingaside解析：getback回來；fightfor爭斗；holdonto緊握；putaside放一邊。根據(jù)下文“itsplace”可知，歷史為其在課程中的位置而爭斗。故選B。10．A.precise B．convincingC．distinct D．boring解析：precise精確的；convincing令人信服的；distinct明顯的，獨特的；boring乏味的。根據(jù)上文“itsattentiontotime,placeandcontext”可知，此處指歷史課程對時間、地點和背景的關(guān)注使它相對于其他課程是獨特的。故選C。11．A.equips B．connectsC．motivates D．impresses解析：equip裝備；使擁有；connect連接；motivate激勵；impress打動。根據(jù)上文“tellushowtobegoodcitizens”以及下文“uswiththeknowledge”可知，歷史課程使我們擁有知識。故選A。12．A.develop B．controlC．a(chǎn)nalyze D．show解析：句意：它使我們擁有理解清楚世界所需的知識，以及準確分析它的能力。develop發(fā)展；control控制；analyze分析；show展示。根據(jù)上文“comprehendourworldclearly”可知，此處指準確分析世界。故選C。13．A.leading B．criticalC．modern D．optimistic解析：句意：顯然，在“假新聞”時代，我們需要批判性思維者。leading領(lǐng)先的；critical批判的，苛刻的；modern現(xiàn)代的；optimistic樂觀的。故選B。14．A.appreciation B．evaluationC．vision D．belief解析：appreciation欣賞；evaluation評價，評估；vision視野，遠見；belief信仰。根據(jù)上文“__13__thinkers”以及下文“examineevidence”可知，此處指對背景的鑒賞力。故選A。15．A.admit B．identifyC．follow D．expect解析：句意：就像我們期望數(shù)學課程系統(tǒng)地建立在知識塊的基礎(chǔ)上一樣，我們也應該期待為我們的孩子擁有一個合乎邏輯的歷史課程。admit承認；identify鑒定，確定；follow跟隨；expect期待。根據(jù)上文“anticipateamathcurriculum”可知，此處指應期待合乎邏輯的歷史課程。故選D。Ⅲ七選五(2025·湖南省永州市第一中學高三月考)Onceayearinasmallmountainvillage,theMandepeoplegathertohearthefolkstoriesoftheirtraditions.ThemanplayinganinstrumentcalledSosso-Balawhilesingingisthestoryteller.HeholdsallthefolkknowledgeoftheMandepeople.Mostofusdon'thaveamusicalinstrumentthattiesustogether,butwehavesomeoneinourliveswho'sthekeeperofourfolkknowledge.Oftenit'sagrandmother,whokeepsallourstoriesofwisdomreadytotelluponrequest.__1__What'sthebestwaytogetababytosleep?WheredoIcomefrom?What'smymoralcompass?Thestoriesprovideananswer,andit'susefultospeakwithsomeonewhoknowshowthingsaredone.__2__Researchershavedocumentedfolkknowledgeinotherspecies—whalesreturningtopartsoftheseathatthey'dabandonedagenerationbefore;monkeysthatcommunicatehuntingskillstotheiroffspring(后代).Folkknowledgeisnotonlyculture,it'salsosurvival.__3__Traditionally,weshareitinsmallunits—familiessharingaroundadinnertable.__4__Lookatanysocialmedia,andyou'llseefolkknowledgeatworkandatplay.It'sexplodedaswe'retrainedtolookforinformationonline,ratherthanfromwithin.Inthiscase,chancesarethatourquestionscanbeansweredwithmisinformation.Butwedon'tgatheronceayeartorealitycheckour“folkstories”astheMandepeopledo;nordowecenterourfolktraditionsaroundamusicalinstrument.TheInternethasnorealityexceptitsownand,leftunchecked,itswisdomhasnorhythm(節(jié)奏).__5__A．It'sjustchaos.B．Thisiswhywedoit.C．Humanwisdomhasbeenpasseddownthroughgenerations.D．Thestoriescanbeusefulfordealingwithallsortsofdoubts.