高中英語閱讀理解的技巧及練習(xí)題及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."Iusedtoworkinschoolcateringandsawalotofmoneybeingthrownaway.Ithoughtthatwascriminal,soIdecidedtodosomethingaboutit,"saidItalianschoolchefTizianoVicentini.

Now,Vicentinihasanamazingrangeofedibleplatesforschools.Theplatesaremadeoutofbreaddough,soyoucaneatthemafterwards."Thesedishescostafewpennieseachandareeithereatenbythekids,orgointorecyclingbinsforanimalfood,"explainedVicentini,50,ofMilan.Butnowothercompaniesaredevelopingedibleplates,too.TheEdible-PlateCompanyoffersedibleplates,bowls,traysandcups.Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.

Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）.Theseplateswillalsohelpreducetheamountofplastic;wecreate.Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.Andmanyshopsareofferingbiodegradableplasticbagsandeco-safepackagingontheirproducts.Tohelpmatters,theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(theISO)hasalsodevelopedasystemtoevaluatethebiodegradabilityofproducts,withacertificationandlogoscheme,Meanwhile,howaboutaniceplateforlunch?（1）Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofedibleplates?A.

Theyareexpensive.

B.

Theycandegradenaturally.C.

Theyareenvironmentally-friendly.

D.

Theyaremadefromnaturalplant.（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.

TizianoisfromGermany.

B.

Edibleplatesareonlyusedforschoolcatering.C.

Cornandpotatostarchcanbeusedtomakecutlery.

D.

TheEdiblePlateCompanydoesn'tproduceediblebowls.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?A.

Theairpollution.

B.

Theediblecutlery.C.

Thetoxicgasescausedbytheburningofplastic.

D.

Thedamagetotheenvironmentcausedbyplasticwaste.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.

Themeasurestostopthepollution.

B.

Thewaystoreducetheplasticwaste.C.

Howtomakeedibleplatesfromnaturalplants..

D.

Theplatesolutiontoeatingandenvironmentalproblem.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了飲食和環(huán)境的問題，并且提出了相應(yīng)的解決方法。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.”可知，“昂貴”不是edibleplates的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）．”可知，玉米和馬鈴薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故選C。（3）考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.”塑料垃圾對(duì)環(huán)境造成了很大的破壞，同時(shí)也給政府帶來了數(shù)百萬的垃圾管理。塑料袋經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在垃圾填埋場(chǎng)或街道上。而燃燒的塑料垃圾會(huì)導(dǎo)致有毒氣體污染空氣。作為對(duì)此的回應(yīng)，世界各國政府正在出臺(tái)嚴(yán)格的回收法規(guī)。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾對(duì)環(huán)境造成的破壞?！惫蔬xD。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."可知，本文講述的是飲食和環(huán)境問題的解決方案。故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Lastweek,VodafonestartedatestoftheUK'sfirstfull5Gservice,availableforusebybusinessesinSalford.ItispartofitsplantotrialthetechnologyinsevenUKcities.Butwhatcanweexpectfromthenextgenerationofmobiletechnology?

Onethingwewillseeinthepreparationforthetestislotsoftrickswiththenewtech.Earlierthisyear,operatorspaidalmost￡1.4billionforthe5Gwavelengths,andtocompensateforthatcash,theywillneedtocatchtheeyeofconsumers.InSeptember,VodafoneuseditsbitoftherangetodisplaytheUK'sfirsthologram(全息)call.TheManchesterCitycaptainStephHoughtonappearedasaholograminNewbury.Itisn'tallholograms,however:5Gwillofferfasterinternetaccess,withOfcom(英國通訊管理局)suggestingthatvideothattakesaminutetodownloadon4Gwillbeavailableinjustasecond.

Thewiderapplicationistosupportconnectedequipmentonthe"internetofthings"-notjusttheinternet-enabledfridgethatcanreorderyourmilkforyou,butthenetworkthatwillenabledriverlesscarsanddeliverydrones(無人機(jī))tocommunicatewitheachother.

ProfWilliamWebbhaswarnedthatthetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes.Muchofthespeedincrease,heclaims,couldhavebeenachievedbyputtingmoremoneyinthe4Gnetwork,ratherthananewtechnology.

OtherdifferentvoiceshavesuggestedthatafocusonrollingoutwiderruralbroadbandaccessandaddressingcurrentnetworkcoveragewouldbemorebeneficialtotheUKasawhole.

Obviously,5Gwillalsobringacosttoconsumers.Itrequiresahandsetforboth5Gand4G,andthefirst5G-enabledsmartphonesareexpectedinthecomingyear.Withtheslowpaceofnetworkrolloutsofar,itislikelythatconsumerswillendupupgradingtoanew5Gphonewellbefore5Gbecomeswidelyavailableinthenextcoupleofyears.（1）WhydoesProfWilliamWebbsay"thetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes"?A.

Heisinfavoroftheapplicationofthenewtechnology.B.

5Gwillbringacosttoconsumersintheirdailylife.C.

5Ghelpspeoplecommunicatebetterwitheachother.D.

Heprefersmoremoneytobespenton4Gnetworks.（2）Theunderlinedword"addressing"inthefourthparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto________.A.

makingaspeechto

B.

tryingtosolve

C.

managingtodecrease

D.

respondingto（3）Thelastparagraphindicatesthat

.A.

it'lltakeseveralyears.tomake5GaccessibletothepublicintheUKB.

5GserviceshowshugedevelopmentpotentialandabroadmarketC.

customersareeagertouse5Gsmartphonesinsteadof4GonesD.

it'sprobablethat5GnetworkrolloutisspeedingupinBritain（4）Whatdoweknowaboutthetext?A.

Vodafoneissuccessfulinspreadingthe5Gservice.B.

StephHoughtonappearedasahologramby4G.C.

Theapplicationof5Gwillmakelifemucheasier.D.

5GphonesareavailableinruralareasoftheUK.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是4G向5G的轉(zhuǎn)變。5G會(huì)給人們帶來更多的好處，使人們的生活更加舒適。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中ProfWilliamWebbhaswarnedthatthetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes.Muchofthespeedincrease,heclaims,couldhavebeenachievedbyputtingmoremoneyinthe4Gnetwork,ratherthananewtechnology.可知，ProfWilliamWebb說“這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可能是皇帝新衣的一個(gè)例子”是因?yàn)樗敢獍迅嗟腻X花在4G網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。故選D。（2）詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中OtherdifferentvoiceshavesuggestedthatafocusonrollingoutwiderruralbroadbandaccessandaddressingcurrentnetworkcoveragewouldbemorebeneficialtotheUKasawhole.“其他不同的聲音表示，集中精力推廣更廣泛的農(nóng)村寬帶接入，解決目前的網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋問題，將對(duì)整個(gè)英國更有利?！庇纱送浦?jiǎng)澗€詞的意思是“試圖解決”。故選B。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Withtheslowpaceofnetworkrolloutsofar,itislikelythatconsumerswillendupupgradingtoanew5Gphonewellbefore5Gbecomeswidelyavailableinthenextcoupleofyears.可知，最后一段指出，讓5G在英國向公眾開放需要幾年的時(shí)間。故選A。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中5Gwillofferfasterinternetaccess,withOfcom(英國通訊管理局)suggestingthatvideothattakesaminutetodownloadon4Gwillbeavailableinjustasecond.可知，5G的應(yīng)用將使生活變得更容易。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇說明類閱讀，要求考生先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的：段落、語句，仔細(xì)品味，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

3．閱讀理解

ButterflyGarden(PermanentExhibit)

Walkamongthefree-flyingresidentsofthiswarmconservatory.ItisawonderfulopportunitytogetclosetoavarietyoflivingbutterfliesfromNewEnglandandacrosstheglobe.The"EmergenceBox"offersawindowintothebutterflybehavior.Lookinsidetoseehangingchrysalids(蝶蛹)transformintoadultbutterflies.Ticketsarerequiredandvisitorsshouldreserveatleasttwoweeksinadvance.

ABird'sWorld(PermanentExhibit)

ThisexhibitfeaturestheMuseum'sextraordinarycollectionofbirds,displayingover300speciesfoundinNewEngland.Here,youcanlearntointerpretthebirdlanguagetakingplacejustoutsideyourwindowathome.

Testyourobservationskillsandseeifyoucangetpastdifferentbirdswithoutthemalerting(發(fā)信號(hào))otheranimalstoyourpresence

Learntoidentifybirdsfromadistancebyrecognizinguniqueflightpatterns.PracticeyourflyingtechniqueintheBirdWalk.

HallofHumanLife(PermanentExhibit)

Shouldyouhaveyourbaby'sDNAsequenced?Whatkeepsyouawake?StepinsidetheHallofHumanLife,theMuseum'snewbiologyexhibition,andencountersuchfar-reachingquestionsonanamazingjourneyinsidethehumanbody.Throughdigitalmediaandpersonalinteraction,youbecome"partofthestory',asyoucontributeyourowndatainaprocessoflearninganddiscovery.

BODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife(TemporaryExhibitNowOpen!)

BODYWORLDScomestotheMuseumofSciencewithanewchapter,GunthervonHagens'BODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife.Don'tmissthistrulyuniqueopportunitytolookwithinyourselfandgainawholenewperspectiveonwhatitmeanstobealive.Morethanonehundredpreservedhumanspecimensrevealthewondersofhumandevelopmentandshowhowpoorhealth,goodhealth,andlifestylechoicescanshapeyourbody.（1）Whichexhibitdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.ButterflyGardenB.ABird'sWorldC.HallofHumanLifeD.BODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife（2）WhatcanyoudoinABird'sWorld?A.Improveyourownflyingtechnique.B.Communicatewithbirdsinbodylanguage.C.Watchdigitalmediashowingbirds'history.D.Seedifferentbirdsfromallovertheworld.（3）WhatisspecialaboutBODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife?A.Itisrelatedtohumanbody.B.Itlastsforonlyalimitedtime.C.Itisthemostvisitedexhibitionintheworld.D.Ithassomethingtodowiththegrowthoflife.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了波士頓科技館的四個(gè)展覽的相關(guān)信息。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)ButterflyCarden部分中的“Ticketsarerequiredandvisitorsshouldreserveatleasttwoweeksinadvance.”游客必須購票，并至少提前兩周預(yù)訂?？芍瑓F(xiàn)ButterflyGarden需要提前預(yù)訂。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)ABird'sWorld部分中的“PracticeyourflyingtechniqueintheBirdWalk.”在BirdWalk中練習(xí)你的飛行技巧?？芍慰驮贐irdWalk活動(dòng)中提高自己的飛行技能。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)BODYWORIDS&TheCycleoflife部分中的“TemporaryExhibitNowOpen!”臨時(shí)展覽現(xiàn)在開始！可知，BODYWORLDS&TheCycleofLife這個(gè)展覽不是永久性的，而是臨時(shí)的。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Ifconditionsgetbadenough,almostanykindofweathercanbecomeastorm.Stormyweathercancausepeopletocanceltheirplans.Itcancausemajoreventstobepostponed.Andseverestormyweathercanbedangeroustopeople,fortuneandanima1.

Ifyouweatherthestorm,orrideoutthestorm,yousurviveandmoveonwithoutharmorinjury.Forexample,1et'stalkaboutTornadoAlley,thenameforpartofthecentralUnitedStates.Duringspringtime,thisareaoftenhasalargenumberofpowerfultornadoes.Peoplewholivetherearetaughttoshelterinthesafestplacetheycanfindandwaitforthestormtopass.PeoplewholiveinTornadoAlleyareusedtoweatheringmanystorms!

Youcanalsoweatherastorm,butitdoesn'tinvolveactualweather.“Toweatherthestorm”canalsomeantomakeitthroughadifficultexperienceortryingtimes.So,ifthestockmarket(股市)crashes,youmighthavetoweatherafinancialstorm.

Oftenbeforeabigstorm,conditionsarecalm.Thecalmbeforethestormcanhappenanytime.Itisthetimebeforesomethingbadhappens.Forexample,atthebeginningofafamilyreunion,theadultswerealltalkinghappily.Buttheolderchildrenknewitwasjustthecalmbeforethestorm.They'veseenithappenbefore.Theadultstalkhappilyforaboutanhour.Thentheystartarguingabouteventsfromthepast—thingsthatshouldreallystayburied!

Butafterthestormbeginsandyoufindyourselfinthemiddleofit,youareintheeyeofthestorm.Intheworldofweather,theeyeofthestormisthecalmestpart,inthecenterofahurricane,forexample.However,intheEnglishlanguage,ifyouareintheeyeofthestorm,youareinthemostintensepartofaconflict.Forexample,shehadnoideathatwalkingintothemeetingwouldputherintheeyeofthestorm.

However,abrainstormdoesnotexistintheworldofweather.Tobrainstormmeanstotrytosolveaproblembytalkingwithotherpeople.Anddon'tworry.Ifwehavetroublethinkingofanideaforthenextprogram,wecanalwaysbrainstormwithyou!（1）What'smainlydiscussedinthe3rdand4thparagraphs?A.

Whatthemeaningsofweatheringthestormare.B.

Howwecanweatherthestorm.C.

Weatheringastormdoesn'tinvolveactualweather.D.

PeopleinTornadoAlleycansurvivethestorm.（2）Whydoestheauthormentionafamilyreunioninthefifthparagraph?A.

Tostresstheimportanceofweatherforecast.B.

Todeveloptheawarenessoffamily.C.

Toexplainthemeaningofanexpression.D.

Topraisetheolderchildrenforbeingclever.（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.

Aproblemcan'tbesolvedifyouworrytoomuch.B.

Abrainstormoftenappearsintheworldofweather.C.

Difficultiescanbedealtwithbyteamwork.D.

Tobrainstormcancausetroublesintheprogram.（4）What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.

Totellusstormyweathercancausedestruction.B.

Totellussomeexpressionsaboutstorm.C.

Totellusastormcancauseconflicts.D.

Totellusweshouldbereadyforastorm.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)英語中與“風(fēng)暴”有關(guān)的表達(dá)。（1）段落大意題。第三段第一句“Ifyouweatherthestorm，orrideoutthestorm，yousurviveandmoveonwithoutharmorinjury.”可知本段講述weatherthestorm或者rideoutthestorm指安全度過；和第四段最后一句“Toweatherthestormcanalsomeantomakeitthroughadifficultexperienceortryingtimes.可知第四段講述Toweatherthestorm指度過難關(guān)。故可知第三四段主要講述weatherthestorm的意義是什么。故選A。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Thecalmbeforethestormcanhappenanytime.Itisthetimebeforesomethingbadhappens.”可知暴風(fēng)雨前的寧靜任何事都可能發(fā)生，這是一段某些不好的事情將要發(fā)生的時(shí)間。接著作者用家庭聚會(huì)作為例子來解釋這一種說法的含義，故選C。（3）推理判斷題。最后一段第二句“Tobrainstormmeanstotrytosolveaproblembytalkingwithotherpeople.”可知頭腦風(fēng)暴的意思是嘗試通過與他人交流來解決一個(gè)問題，即困難可以通過團(tuán)隊(duì)合作來解決，故選C。（4）主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，如第五段提到暴風(fēng)雨前的寧靜，第六段講“intheeyeofthestorm”處于風(fēng)口浪尖上，最后一段說明“brainstorm”頭腦風(fēng)暴，可知文章主要介紹與“風(fēng)暴”有關(guān)的表達(dá)，故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及段落大意，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇說明類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，通過題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文章中定位，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

5．閱讀理解

Japanhasmadealotofnoiseinrecentyearsaboutremovingthetraditionalviewthatwomenshouldstayathomewhilemengoouttowork.Soitwasshockingwhen,onAugust7th,TokyoMedicalUniversity(TMU),adistinguishedmedicalschool,admittedmarkingdownthetestscoresoffemaleapplicantstokeeptheratioofwomenineachclassbelow30%.

Theirdefencewasthatwomenaremorelikelytodropouttomarryandhavechildren.TojudgefemaleapplicantstomedicalschoolpurelyontheiracademicperformancewouldleaveJapanwithashortageofdoctors,theysaid.Theadmissionhascausedoutrage.

"Doctoringhaslongbeenamalefield.Butitisnottheonlyone.Discriminationiscommoninbanksandtradingfirms,wherestamina(耐力)andloyalty,qualitiessomehowassociatedwithmen,areprized,"saysMariMiura,apoliticalscientistatSophiaUniversity.Allthisembarrassesagovernmentthathaspromisedtomakewomen"shine".Thepolicyseemsbasedontheneedformoreworkersratherthanongenuineconcernforwomen.

ShinzoAbe,theprimeminister,sayshewantstobringmillionsmorewomenintotheworkforcetomakeupforalabourshortfallcausedbyitsageinganddecliningpopulation.Inthefieldofpolitics,therecordunderMr.Abe'spremiership(首相任期)isdisappointing.Justtwomembersofhis20-strongcabinetarewomen,includingSeikoNoda,inchargeofwomen'srights.Ms.Noda,whomakeslittlesecretofherambitiontobeatMr.Abeinaleadershipcontestnextmonth,hasjustpublishedabookcalled"GrabtheFuture",herpublicdeclarationforpullingJapanintolinewith"globalstandards".Shehasalmostnochanceofwinning.（1）Accordingtothepassage,whathasarousedthepublic'sshockandrageinJapan?A.

Womenbeingmorelikelytodropoutofschooltomarryandhavechildren.

B.

TMUjudgingfemaleapplicantstomedicalschoolmerelyontheirtestscore.C.

TMUputtingalowergradeonfemaleapplicantstokeepalowpercentageofwomenineachclass.

D.

Japantendingtoabandonthetraditionalviewthatwomenshouldstayathomewhilemengoouttowork.（2）WhatdoweknowaboutSeikoNoda?A.

Sheisquitelikelytowintheleadershipcontest.

B.

Sheneverfailstoshowherambitioninpublic.C.

SheistheonlyfemalememberinAbe'scabinet.

D.

Hernewlyreleasedbook"GrabtheFuture"isabithit.（3）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.

DoctoringhaslongbeenamalefieldinJapan.

B.

Professionslikebankingandtradingaretailoredtomen.C.

ShinzoAbeperformedpoorlyindealingwithlabourshortfall.

D.

DiscriminationagainstwomenincareersinJapanisabigconcern.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了最近的日本尤其是醫(yī)藥大學(xué)對(duì)女性性別的歧視，使社會(huì)一片嘩然，這一性別歧視現(xiàn)象讓日本政府陷入窘境。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Soitwasshockingwhen,onAugust7th,TokyoMedicalUniversity(TMU),adistinguishedmedicalschool,admittedmarkingdownthetestscoresoffemaleapplicantstokeeptheratioofwomenineachclassbelow30%.”在8月7日，當(dāng)聲望卓著的醫(yī)學(xué)院——東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)承認(rèn)壓低了女性申請(qǐng)者的考試分?jǐn)?shù)，以將每個(gè)班級(jí)中女生的比例維持在30%以下時(shí)，社會(huì)一片嘩然。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ms.Noda,whomakeslittlesecretofherambitiontobeatMr.Abeinaleadershipcontestnextmonth,hasjustpublishedabookcalled‘GrabtheFuture’,herpublicdeclarationforpullingJapanintolinewith‘globalstandards’”可知，野田毫不掩飾她在下個(gè)月的競(jìng)選中擊敗安倍的野心。她剛剛還出版了一本名為《抓住未來》的書，根據(jù)她的言行可知，她在公眾場(chǎng)合表達(dá)自己的雄心，故選B。（3）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文主要敘述了最近日本尤其是醫(yī)藥大學(xué)對(duì)女性性別的歧視，使社會(huì)一片嘩然，這一性別歧視現(xiàn)象讓日本政府陷入窘境，出現(xiàn)了很大的問題。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Iwasbornonthe17thofNovember1828,inthevillageofNamPing,whichisaboutfourmilessouthwestofthePortugueseColony(殖民地)ofMacao,andislocatedonPedroIslandlyingwestofMacao,fromwhichitisseparatedbyachannelofhalfamilewide.

Asearlyas1834,anEnglishlady,Mrs.Gutzlaff,wifeofamissionarytoChina,cametoMacao.SupportedbytheLadies'AssociationinLondonforthepromotionoffemaleeducationinIndiaandtheEast,sheimmediatelytookuptheworkofstartingagirls'schoolforChinesegirls,whichwassoonfollowedbytheopeningofaboys'school.

Mrs.Gutzlaff'scomprador(買辦)happenedtocomefrommyvillageandwasactuallymyfather'sfriendandneighbor.ItwasthroughhimthatmyparentsheardaboutMrs.Gutzlaff'sschoolanditwasdoubtlesslythroughhisinfluenceandmeansthatmyfathergotmeadmittedintotheschool.Ithasalwaysbeenamysterytomewhymyparentsshouldputmeintoaforeignschool,insteadofatraditionalConfucianschool,wheremybigbrotherwasplaced.MostcertainlysuchastepwouldhavebeenmoresuitableforChinesepublicopinion,taste,andthewantsofthecountry,thantoallowmetoattendanEnglishschool.Moreover,aChinesebeliefistheonlyavenueinChinathatleadstopoliticalpromotion,influence,powerandwealth.IcanonlyguessthatasforeigncommunicationwithChinawasjustbeginningtogrow,myparentshopedthatitmightbeworthwhiletoputoneoftheirsonstolearningEnglish.Inthiswayhemightbecomeaninterpreterandhaveamoreadvantageouspositiontoenterthebusinessanddiplomaticworld.IamwonderingifthatinfluencedmyparentstoputmeintoMrs.Gutzlaff'sSchool.Astowhatothersequencesithaseventuallybroughtaboutinmylaterlife,theywereentirelyleftinthehandsofGod.（1）HowwastheauthoradmittedtoMrs.Gutzlaff'sschool?A.

Throughhisfather'sfriend'shelp.

B.

Throughhisowneffortstoexams.C.

Throughhisfather'srequest.

D.

ThroughMrs.Gutzlaff'sinfluence.（2）Whydidtheauthor'sparentsputhimintoanEnglishschool？A.

AnEnglishschoolwasmoreinfluential.

B.

ForeigntradewithChinawasdevelopingfast.C.

ItmetwithChinesepublicopinion.

D.

Hecouldbecomeasuccessfulinterpreter.（3）Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhisparents'decisiontoputhimintoanEnglishschool?A.

Itwasskeptical.

B.

Itwasmysterious.

C.

Itwasthoughtful.

D.

Itwaswonderful.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，小時(shí)候父親送作者去英語學(xué)校而不是中文學(xué)校，并分析了具體原因。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Mrs.Gutzlaff'scomprador(買辦)happenedtocomefrommyvillageandwasactuallymyfather'sfriendandneighbor.ItwasthroughhimthatmyparentsheardaboutMrs.Gutzlaff'sschool”可知，作者是通過父親朋友的幫助進(jìn)入到Mrs.Gutzlaff學(xué)校的。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Inthiswayhemightbecomeaninterpreterandhaveamoreadvantageouspositiontoenterthebusinessanddiplomaticworld.”可知父母認(rèn)為我也許會(huì)成為一個(gè)很好的翻譯，在做生意外交方面會(huì)有優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以他們才送我去英語學(xué)校。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ithasalwaysbeenamysterytomewhymyparentsshouldputmeintoaforeignschool,insteadofatraditionalConfucianschool,wheremybigbrotherwasplaced.”可知對(duì)于父母送我去英語學(xué)校而不是傳統(tǒng)的中文學(xué)校，我感覺很困惑。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Canexerciseduringchildhoodprotectyouagainstmemorylossmanydecadeslater?Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain,inratsatleast.

"Thisisananimalstudy,butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant一notjustforphysicaldevelopment,butforthewholelifelongtrackofcognitive（認(rèn)知的）developmentduringageing,"saysMartinWojtowiczoftheUniversityofToronto,Canada."Inhumans,itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer'ssymptoms（阿茲海默氏癥）,possiblytothepointofpreventingthem."

Wojtowicz'steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups,andplacedrunningwheelsinthecagesofonegroupforaperiodofsixweeks.Aroundfourmonthslater—whentheratshadreachedmiddleage—theteamtaughtalltheratstoconnectanelectricshockwithbeinginaspecificbox.Whenplacedinthebox,theyfrozewithfear.

Twoweekslater,theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations:exactlythesameboxinthesameroom,thesameboxwiththeroomarrangeddifferently,andacompletelydifferentboxinadifferentroom.

Theratswithoutaccesstoarunningwheelwhentheywereyoungnowfrozethesamepercentageoftimesineachofthesesituations,suggestingtheycouldn'trememberwhichonewasdangerous.Butthosethathadbeenabletorunintheiryouthfroze40to50percentlessinbothchangedboxsettings.

“Theresultssuggesttheamountofphysicalactivitywhenwe'reyoung,atleastforrats,hasinfluenceonbrainandcognitivehealth—intheformofbettermemories—whenwe'reolder,"saysArthurKramerofNortheasternUniversityinBoston,whohasfoundthat,inhumans,exercisepromotesthegrowthofnewbraincells.（1）Thestudyshowsthat______.A.

physicalactivityisimportantforphysicalhealth

B.

usingtherunningwheelsisofbenefittotherats'growthC.

physicalactivitycanpreventhuman'sAlzheimer'ssymptoms

D.

themoreexercisearathaswhenyoung,thebettermemoryitwillpossesswhenolder（2）HowareParagraph3and4mainlydeveloped?A.

Byanalyzingcauses.

B.

Bygivinganexample.C.

Bydescribingtheprocess.

D.

Byshowingdifferences.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto?A.

Exercise.

B.

Development.

C.

Benefit.

D.

Study.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheanimalstudy?A.

Negative.

B.

Objective.

C.

Critical.

D.

Doubtful.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠的實(shí)驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了動(dòng)物在年輕時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)越多，老年時(shí)的記憶力就越好。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain,inratsatleast.”可知，鍛煉對(duì)大腦終生有好處，至少對(duì)老鼠是這樣的。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段和第四段講述Wojtowicz的研究小組對(duì)老鼠進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)的過程，因此通過描述過程發(fā)展的。故選C。（3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段介紹一項(xiàng)動(dòng)物研究，具體的運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)身體的發(fā)育很重要，對(duì)于人類，它可能會(huì)推遲阿茲海默氏癥的出現(xiàn)。因此it在句中指的是具體的身體活動(dòng)，也就是鍛煉。故選A。（4）考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。根據(jù)短文中對(duì)這項(xiàng)老鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程及其結(jié)果的介紹，用數(shù)據(jù)表示，可見作者對(duì)動(dòng)物研究的態(tài)度是很客觀的。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Whenadoglooksatyouwithbigpuppy-dogeyes,it'shardforyoutogoaway,andyoumayspeakout“Awww”withouthesitation.However,there'sareasonwhyyoufindadogsstaresoattractive.Thatsweetstareactuallycausesthereleaseofaparticularhormone,orchemicalmessengerinthebody.Thishormonecreatesfeelingsofaffectioninhumans.Thesamethinghappenstodogswhenpeoplelookbackatthem.Scientistsbelievethishelpspeopleandtheirfour-leggedfriendsbond,orfeelconnected.Scientistshavewonderedwhatcausesdogstolovinglystareattheirowners.Tofindout,ateamofresearchersfromAzabuUniversityinJapanstudied30ownersandtheirdogs.

Theresearchersfoundthatafterthepetsandtheirownersspenthalfanhourtogether,bothshowedariseinoxytocin(催產(chǎn)素).Onekeyroleofthishormoneinmanyanimalsistopromotebonding,likethatbetweenamotherandnewborn.Theincreaseofoxytocindidn'thappen,though,whenscientistsrepeatedtheexperimentwithwolvesandthehumanswhohadraisedthem.

Asecondexperimentalsofoundthatifdogsweregivenoxytocin,theylookedattheirownerslonger.Scientistsaren'tsureexactlywhy,butthisreactionoccurredonlywithfemaledogs.Theirowne