Non-finiteVerbsInfinitive;gerund;participleInfinitive(不定式)1.不定式的式和態(tài)（以動詞do為例）doActivevoice主動

Passivevoice被動simple一般式

todotobedoneperfective完成式

tohavedonetohavebeendoneprogressive進行式tobedoingperfectiveprogressive完成進行式tohavebeendoing相關(guān)例句:1）Mr.Brownissupposedto__forItalylastweek.A.haveleftB.beleavingC.leaveD.havebeenleft2）Mr.Johnsonpreferred___heavierwordtodo.A.tobegiven B.tobegivingC.tohavegiven D.havinggiven

注：一般式：不定式動作在謂語動作之后或兩動作同時發(fā)生完成式：不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前

完成進行式：不定式動作在謂語動作之前，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在與謂語動作同時發(fā)生2.不定式的句法功能主語Togetthereontimeisveryimportant.表語Myplanistofinishthistaskin3weeks.賓語Ihavearrangedtomeethimatten.賓補IpersuadedLindatogowithme.定語Atlastwefoundaroomtolivein.后置定語狀語Shewenttothesupermarkettobuyfood.3.幾點補充1）不定式to的省略A.不定式作表語，若謂語有實詞do，則不定式不帶to

AllIwantedtodowassolveitassoonaspossible.B.介詞but,except，save后可接不定式作賓語，若謂語是do則省略to，反之則不省

Hehasnoalternativebuttogowithher.LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.C.在hadbetter;wouldrather(sooner)…than…;would…ratherthan…;cannot…but;can’thelpbut…;mayaswell等習(xí)慣用法中，省略to

Marycan’thelpbutrushintotheheavyrain.

Hewouldratherstayathomethangotowork.D.作使役動詞make,let,have和感官動詞see,watch,listento,feel,hear等的賓語補足語

HemadeHelenteachusEnglish.

注：此類句子的被動形式，to不可省略

HelenwasmadetoteachusEnglish.

E.口語中，why開頭的簡單問句中，用不帶to的不定式Whynotgoatonce？2）不定式的邏輯主語用for或of引出

It’sanhonorformetotakepartinthework.It’sveryniceofyoutoseemewhenIwasill.3)注意區(qū)分介詞to和不定式to

如：beused(accustomed)to;beopposedto;objectto;lookforwardto;stickto;prefer…to;等詞組中to均為介詞Participle（分詞）分詞的式和態(tài)（以do為例）注：beingdone表被動語態(tài)的進行式do一般式完成式現(xiàn)在分詞：主動doinghavingdone過去分詞：被動donehavingbeendone2.分詞的句法功能表語Yourshoelaceshavecomeundone.定語Thisisanexcitingmeeting.狀語Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.賓補Isawacarrunninginthefield.Iwillgetmyhaircut.3.分詞作狀語的補充說明

1）分詞可作伴隨、時間、原因，條件等狀語(前可有連詞)

伴隨:Theystoodtherewatchingthemovie.Prof.Johnsoniscoming,followedbyhisassistant.

時間:（When）Comingdownthemountain,Imetanoldfriend.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedbeautiful.

原因:Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofeducation.Gettinguptoolate,hemissedtheschoolbus.

條件:Givenenoughsunlight,theflowerscouldhavegrownbetter.comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.

2)

獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：（作狀語）

分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語應(yīng)和謂語動詞的主語保持一致。否則，分詞前必須加上名詞或代詞作為其主語。這種帶主語的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)就叫獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。有時獨立結(jié)構(gòu)前還可用with。

Theboyreturned,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Hisworkfinished,hepackedthetoolsandleft.Withtheissuesettled,theywenthome.Thehouseisverybeautifulwithsomanyflowerssurroundingit.

注：with獨立結(jié)構(gòu)還可以是:with+名詞/代詞+不定式/介詞短語/形容詞或副詞

Withsomuchworktodo,Ican’tgowithyou.WithnothinginterestingonTV,wecanplaythebridgetonight.4.分詞做賓補的補充說明:1)感官動詞的賓補既可是分詞，也可是不帶to不定式

Iheardhimtalkingtohissister.(表正在進行)

Iheardhimtellthestorytohissister.（表動作全過程）

2）have/get+賓語+過去分詞，分詞動作并非主語所為

You’dbetterhaveyourlungX-rayed.Iamgoingtogetmyradiorepaired.Gerund(動名詞)動名詞的基本形式（以動詞do為例）do主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone2.動名詞的句法功能主語Drivingacarsofastcanbedangerous.賓語Weappreciateyourinvitingustoyourparty.Sallyapologizedmefornotkeepingherwords.表語Herjobwastolookingafterthebabies.定語Weneedasleepingcar.3.動名詞的補充說明1）邏輯主語：可以是物主代詞、名詞所有格或普通格、人稱代詞賓格等

Maryinsistedonhergoingtocollege.

Theoldmandoesn’tlikeGeorgelosinghistemper.Theoldmandoesn’tlikelosinghistemper.2)在need,want,require,demand,beworth之后，表被動

Thewindowneedscleaning.Thebookisworthreading.3)接動名詞不接不定式的常見動詞：admit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,can’thelp/resist/stand,consider,contemplate,defer,delay,deny,detest,dislike,mind,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,facilitatefancy,favor,finish,imagine,include,miss,pardon,postpone,practice,resent,risk,suggest4)有些動詞接續(xù)關(guān)系是：動詞+賓語+into+doing

如：trick,mislead,shame,talk,trap,beguile,blackmail,coerce,deceive,fool

Ishamedhimintoreturningthestolenmoney.Don’tlethisfriendlywordsmisleadyouintotrustinghim.Shebeguiledmeintolendinghermoney.其它接續(xù)關(guān)系：動詞+賓語+from+doing

這類動詞有：stop,prevent,keep,hi