專題10形式主語it的用法

疫內(nèi)容早知道

，第一層鞏固提升練

考點(diǎn)一il作形式主語，真正的主語是從句的用法

考點(diǎn)二il作形式主語，真正的主語是不定式的用法

?第二層能力培優(yōu)練

，第三層拓展突破練

?第四層高考真題練

當(dāng)主語部分較長時(shí)，為了不出現(xiàn)“頭重腳輕”的問題。在英語中，我們常常將真正的主語部分后置，而使

用it做形式主語。其中真正的主語主要有不定式、動(dòng)名詞和從句。本章節(jié)重點(diǎn)講解it作形式主語，真正的

主語是從句和不定式。

考點(diǎn)一it作形式主語，真正的主語是從句的用法

［知識積累?練前熱身】

1.課本經(jīng)典句式

Ifsamazingthattherearcmorethan8,000statues,andnooneinmoderntimesknewaboutthemuntilthe

1970s.(人教版2019必修■Unit2)那里有8000多座俑像，直到20世紀(jì)70年代才為人所知，想想這?

切，真是非常神奇。

2.常見的結(jié)構(gòu)

(1)It+be動(dòng)詞+形容詞(possible/natural/certain/strange/necessaiy/important...)+that從句。

Itisobviousthatwehavetowalkhome.很明顯我們不得不走回家。

注意：當(dāng)形容詞是important/natural/necessary/strange/essential/surprising等時(shí)，從句的謂語常用should+

動(dòng)詞原形，并且should還可以省略。

Itisnecessarythatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.我們學(xué)好英語是必要的。

(2)Il+be動(dòng)詞+名詞(apity/honour/problem/shame/surprise/fact/nowonder/goodnews...)+thal從句。

Itisapitythatwemissedtheflight.很遺憾我們錯(cuò)過了航班。

ItisanhonourthatIcangivethisspeechhere.很榮幸我能在這里演講。

(3)It+過去分詞(known/said/reported/believed/announced/accepted/found/claimed/declared/thought

/hoped/suggested/estimated/demanded/required/remended)+(hat從句。

Itissaidthatthewarwillendthisyear.據(jù)說戰(zhàn)爭今年會結(jié)束。

注意：過去分詞是suggested/demanded/required/n】anded/remend?d/ordered等時(shí)，從句的謂語常用should+

動(dòng)詞原形，并且should還可以省略。

Itisremendedthatwe(should)stayinthemountainintheday.根據(jù)推薦我們白天應(yīng)該待在山里。

(4)It+其他動(dòng)詞(turnout/happen/appcar/occurtosb/hitsb/strikesb)+that從句。

Itturnedoutthathefailedtofindhiswifethere.結(jié)果是他沒能在哪里找到他的妻子。

1.seems(hatmosthouseshavebeendestroyedbythestorm.

2.Itisestimatedupto60%ofthelocalpopulationisbeingreachedthroughtheseradiobroadcasts.

3.suddenlyhithimthathecouldjointhecharitytohelpthehomeless.

4.YDUcouldnottakebackabooktothelibraryonthesamedayyou'dtakenitout;madenodifferenceto

herthatyou\ireadeverywordinitandneededanothertostart.

5.issuggestedthatonnooccasionshouldyoutellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.

6.neveroccurredtomethathewouldfailintheexam.

7.Itisagreatpityyoucouldn'tvisittheForbiddenCitywhenyouwereinBeijing.

8.Itisreportedthegovernmentisgoingtoclosethefactory.

9.1t(acknowledge)thatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality.

10.ltworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.

考點(diǎn)二it作形式主語，真正的主語是不定式的用法

(3)Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast,butthey

hadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.(7k?)?2019，必

修二Unit1)這些國家不僅找到了一條不以犧牲古跡為代價(jià)的未來發(fā)展之路，而且明白了多個(gè)國家合作創(chuàng)

造美好未來的可能性。

(4)Isitrighttomakeanimalshomelesssothathumanscanhavemorepaper?(人教版2019必修.Unit2)

為了讓人類有更多的紙張，就讓動(dòng)物無家可歸，這樣做對嗎？

2.常見的結(jié)構(gòu)

(1)It+be+形容詞(difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/necessary...)+forsb+todo

【形容詞側(cè)重描述不定式動(dòng)作的特性、特點(diǎn)】

Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthepositioninaquarterofiinhour.

(2)It+be+形容詞(careless/clever/foolish/silly/kind/lazy/honest/stupid/wise/rude/

polite...)+ofsb+todo【形容詞側(cè)重評價(jià)人物的特性、特征、品質(zhì)】

Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.

(3)It+be+名詞(apity/fact/shame/question/pleasure,anhonor,one'sduty)4-todo【名

詞多為抽象名詞】

Itsourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.

(4)Ittakessb+time/money/patience/courage/skill/imagination...todo

Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?

(5)Itseems(appears)+形容詞+todo

Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.

LAsmalltowninEnglandisteachingtheworldthatitisimportant(grow)yourownfood.

2.0nourway(othehouse,itwasraningsohardthatwecouldn?thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldlake(get)

there.

3.Ilistheirresponsibility(ensure)that(herulesareenforced.

4.1tisverykindyoutogivemeahandintime.

5.Itiscrucial(step)upinternationalcooperationtominimizetheCOVID19'simpactoneconomic

growth.

6.1ltakesmealongtime(finish)toprojectsothatIfeeltootiredtowalkanyfurther.

7.Theposterwarnspeoplethatit'sillegal(hunt)endangeredanimalsinthereserve.

8.ITspossible(give)withoutloving,butitisnotpossibletolovewithoutgiving.

9.1tsnotmyjob(lock)up!Sopleasedon'tmakemedoit.

10.1(ispossible(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Operaisanartformthatcelebratesthehumanvoice.Nootherartformcreatesexcitementandmovestheheart

inthewaythatoperadoes,especiallywhenperformedbyagreatsinger.OperaisanimportantpartoftheWestern

classicalmusictradition.Itusesmusic,words,andactionstobringadramaticstorytolife.OperastartedinItalyat

theendofthe16thcenturyandlaterbecamepopularthroughoutEurope.Overtheyears,ithasrespondedtovarious

musicals.Inrecentdecades,muchwideraudienceshavebeenintroducedtooperathroughmodernrecording

technology.Somesingershavebeecelebritiesthankstoperformingonradio,onTV,andin（hecinema.

However,inrecentyears,operahasbeenfacingseriouschallenges.Onecurrentchallengetooperais

economic.Theshortageofmoneyraisesthebroaderquestionofhowmuchshouldbepaidtosupportoperasingers

andotherartists.Societyseemstoacceptthelargesalariespaidtobusinessmanagersandthemultimilliondollar

contractsgiventosportsathletes.Buiwhataboutoperasingers?Somehow,peoplehavetheideathatartistscanbe

creativeonlyiftheysufferinpoverty,butthisisunrealistic.Ifartists,includingoperasingers,lackthesupportthey

need,valuabletalentiswasted.

Notonlytheshortageofmoney,butalsothewaymoneyismanagedintheoperaworldhasledtohardships.

Principal（主要的）singersaregenerallypaidperformancefeesoncetheypleteashow.Theytypicallyreceive

nothingduringthemanyweeksofrehearsal（排練）beforeashowstarts.

Anotherproblemfacedbyoperaishowtomeetthedemandsofaudienceswhoareinfluencedbypopular

entertainment.Popsingersareoftenjudgedasmuchonthebasisofhowtheylookashowtheysound.These

demandsmaybeunrealisticandpossiblyharmful.Operasingerssimplycannotmakeasoundbigenoughtofilla

largetheaterorconcerthallwithoutamicrophoneiftheirbodyweightistoolow.Emphasizingphysicalappearance

oversingingabilitymaycauseaudiencestomissoutonthehumanvoiceatitsbest.

Therearenoeasysolutionstoopera'sproblemsandtherearemanydifferentopinionsaboutthevalueofopera.

However,everyyearmanyyoungpeopleregisterformusiccourseswithhopesanddrcamsofdevelopingtheir

talentsinthisspecialartform.Thefactthatoperahassurvivedmanyobstaclesandcontinuestoattracttherising

generationshowsthatitremainsarespectedartformfullofvalue.

1.WhichofthestatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Operasingers'lifestoriesaredramatic.

B.OperawillsoonappearonTVandinfilms

C.Operafansthankcelebritiesforperforming.

D.Operadevelopsbyadaptingtonewconditions.

2.WhatcanweknowfromParagraphs2and3?

A.Operasingersarefinanciallyinsecure.

B.Operasingerswastetheirvaluabletalent.

C.Operasingersgetpaidbeforetheshow.

D.Operasingersperformbetteriftheyarepoor.

3.WhatdoestheauthortrytosayinParagraph4?

A.Popularculturehashadapositiveinfluenceonopera.

B.Audiencesknowbesthowoperashouldbeperformed.

C.Microphonesshouldbeusedtomakeoperamoreenjoyable.

D.Operasingers'voicesshouldbevaluedmorethantheirlooks.

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TheEconomicChallengetoOperaB.OperaFacedwiththeDifficulties

C.OperaasPartofPopularCultureD.TheHistoricalContextofOpera

三、語法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。

Areport1(show)that38%ofstudentsoftenusetheInternet.Mostofthemget2(use)

informationontheInternetanduserheInternettohelpwiththeirstudies.Butmanystudentsdon'tuseit3a

goodway.Someplaygamestoomuch,andsomevisitwebsiteswhicharcnot4(intend)forthem.Sobad

thingsmayhappenifstudentsspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.

5isimportantforstudentstousetheInternet6(proper).Nowwchaveatextbook,7

usesmanyexamplestoteachstudentssomegoodwaystousetheInternet.Itgivesusefuladvice.

SomestudentsalsomakefriendsontheInternet.Butifyouwanttohaveafacetoface8(municate)

withyouronlinefriends,letyourparentsknowandmeetinaproperplace.

Inorder9(protect)theyoungergenerationfrombeinginfluencedbythebadfactorsoftheInternet,

weneed10(determine)andcouragetodealwithit.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一、閱讀理解

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Eachyear,ihewomenofOlneyandLiberalpeteinanunusualfootrace.Dressedinaprons(圍裙)and

headscarves,theywaitatbothtowns*startinglines.Eachwomanholdsaflyingpanwithonepancakeinside.Atthe

signal,thewomenflip(輕拋)pancakesandthey'reoff!

This“pancakeracing^traditionissaidtohavestartedonShroveTuesday,1445.inOlney.ShroveTuesdayis

thedaybeforetheChristianseasonofLent(大齋戒)begins.DuringLent,manypeopledecidetogiveupsugaryor

fattyfoods.

Legendsaysthatin1445,anOlneywomanwasmakingpancakestouseupsomeofhersugarandcookingfats

beforeLent.Shelosttrackoftimeandsuddenlyheardthechurchbellsring,signalingthebeginningof(heShrove

Tuesdayservice.Realizingthatshewasgoingtobelateforchurch,sheracedoutthedoorstillwearingherapron

andheadscarfandholdingherfryingpanwithapancakeinit.Inthefollowingyears,thewoman\neighbors

imiiatcdherdashtochurch,andpancakeracingwasborn.

Therulesaresimple.Racersmustwearthetraditionalheadscarfandapron.Theymustfliptheirpancakestwice

oncebeforestartingandonceaftercrossingthefinishline.Aftertherace,therearcShroveluesdaychurchservices.

ThenLiberalandOlneyconnectthroughavideocalltopareracelimesanddeclareawinner.

Inbothtowns,theraceshavegrownintolargerfestivals.Olney'sfestivalisanalldayeventstartingwithabig

pancakebreakfast.LiberaPsfestivallastsfourdaysandincludesaparade,atalentshow,andconteststhatfeature

eatingandflippingpancakes.Althoughthewomen'sraceisstillthemainevent,bothtownsnowholdadditional

racesforboysandgirlsofallages.

1.Howdidpancakeracingstart?

A.AwomaninOlneycreatedit.

R.WomenmadepancakesbeforeLent.

C.Awomandashedtochurchwithapancake.

D.Peoplefollowedthesuitofaninterestingincident.

2.Whatshouldracersobeyduringtherace?

A.Theycanwearfashionablehcadscarvcsandaprons.

B.Theymustfliptheirpancakesonceintherace.

C.Theymustfliptheirpancakesatthebeginningoftherace.

D.Theycanfliptheirpancakesinthemiddleoftherace.

3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheracefromthelastparagraph?

A.Peoplecanshow（heirtalentinOlneyfestival.

B.PeoplecanenjoyaonedayholidayinLiberal.

C.Theraceisnotonlyintendedforwomennow.

D.Peoplecanhaveabigpancakebreakfastinbothtowns.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theoriginofpancakeracing.

B.Thehistoryofpancakeracing.

C.Thedevelopmentofpancakeracing.

D.Theintroductiontopancakeracing.

二、七選五

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Whenyoufindawaytoenjoywhatyou'restudying,you'llbemoremotivated（激發(fā)）todowellinschool一

andmightevenhavefundoingit!

IIfyoucanfind（hethingsyoulikelearningabout,（hiscanhelpyoubeemoreinterestedinschoolin

general.Thinkaboutwhichclassesyoupaythemostattentionto.Thiscanhelpyouknowwhichsubjectsyouare

naturallyinterestedin.

Thinkaboutclassesyoudon^likeinanobjective（客觀的）way.2Trythinkingaboutthepurposeof

theclassesyouaretakingandthinkaboutclassesassteppingstones.Forexample,ifyouwanttogotocollege,then

youknowyouneedtodowellinyourhighschoolclasses,andthiscanencourageyoutobeeinterestedinthem.

Reducestress（減輕壓力）.Whileacademicdifficultiesinacertainsubjectmightcauseyou（oloseinterestin

school,othermonstressfactors（因素）candothesame.3.Ifyouarchavingproblemsinanarealikeoneof

these,(alktoaparent,teacher,orfriendyoutrustaboutgettinghelp.Ifyoucanreduceyourstress,youaremore

likelytobeinterestedinyourstudies.

Don,tbeoverlypetitive.Somefriendlypetitioncanbefun.4Focusondoingwellforyourselfand

achievingyourgoals.Trytobepetitiveonlywhenitisfunandmakesyouinterestedinschool.5Setrealistic

goals,anddon'tworrytoomuchaboutwhatothersaredoing.

A.Knowwhatinterestsyounaturally.

B.Youdon'thavetobethebestateverything.

C.Trytoformastudygrouptogetschoolworkdone.

D.However,toomuchpetitionproducesanxiety.

E.You'llfeelgoodabouttheprogressyoumakeeachday.

F.Thesemayincludeworryingaboutyourappearance,relationships,etc.

G.Ifyoutry,youmaybeeinterestedinasubjectyoudon'tthinkyouenjoy.

三、語法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。

Machinesworkwellataconstantspeedandthefasterthebetter.Whethertheyarcspinningcotton_[

dealingwithnumbers,regular,repetitiveactionsarewhattheyexcelat.

Increasingly,ourworldisbeingdesignedbymachinesandformachines.Weadapttomachinesandhold

ourselvestotheirstandards:People2(judge)bythespeedatwhichtheyrespond,notthequalityoftheir

response.^Alwayson"beessomethingtotakepride.WhenIaskpeople4theyaredoing,they

almostalwaysanswer"busy”.Tickingthingsoffthe"todo"listbees5meansofdefiningourselves.6

(occupy)ifnotwithworkthenwithfamilyoroursocialnetworks,mostofusfeelexhausted.

Afewyearsago,Ibecameveryinterestedinwhatitmeant7(pause).Istartedtonoticewherepauses

showupinmyownworkandlife.Forexample,IrealizedwhenIwaswriting,ashortwalkwasa(n)_8

(effective)waytofocusthanconcentratingharder.Thesmallwalkactedasapause,9(enable)metorest,

reflectorrefresh,appreciateandbreakablockinmy10(creative).Irealizedthatpauseisnotnothing!

Aminuteeatingicecreamisnotthesameasaminutedoingpushups.Eventimeitselfisn'tauniformraw

malerialasthephysicsofEinsteinshows.

一、閱讀理解

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

（2023全國甲卷）Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder'sSophiesWorld.Itwas

fullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeand

broughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲學(xué)）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkills（heloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeople

whothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou—andthentrytoexplainthem.

EricWeiner'sTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmylove

fbrphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweenciliesandthenframeseachphilosopher'swork

inthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonder

likeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethana

bockaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimproves（hequalityofourexperiences,andhe

doessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersin

history,andhebeespanofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding（解讀）theirmessagesandaddinghisown

interpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypulls

themindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupa

coffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It'sworthyourtime,eveniftimeis

somethingwedon'thavealotof.

1.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.

C.JosteinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.

2.Whydoes（heauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?

A.TbpareWeinerwith（hem.

B.Tbgiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C.Topraise（heirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner'sbook.

3.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarcwellpresented.

B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludesnientsfromreaders.

D.Itleavesanopenending.

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWener'sbook?

A.Objectiveandplain.

B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

B

（2023全國甲卷）Grizzlybears,whichmaygrowtoabout2.5mlongandweighover400kg,occupya

conflictedcomeroftheAmericanpsyche—werevere（敬畏）themevenastheygiveusfrighteningdreams.Ask

thetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee,andtheir

answerisoften（hesame:agrizzlybear.

“Grizzlybearsarereoccupyinglargeareasoftheirformerrange、"saysbearbiologistChrisSenzkeen.As

grizzlybearsexpandtheirrangeintoplaceswheretheyhaven'tbeenseeninacenturyormore,they'reincreasingly

beingsightedbyhumans.

Thewesternhalfof（heUSwasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof50,000or

morelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.Bytheearly1970s,aftercenturiesofcruelandcontinuoushuntingby

settlers,600to800grizzliesremainedonamere2percentoftheirformerrangeintheNorthernRockies.In1975,

grizzlieswerelistedundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct.

Today,thereareabout2,000ormoregrizzlybearsintheUS.Tlieirrecoveryhasbeensosuccessfulthatthe

USFishandWildlifeServicehastwiceattemptedtodelistgrizzlies,whichwouldloosenlegalprotectionsand

allowthemtobehunted.Botheffortswereoverturnedduetolawsuitsfromconservationgroups.Fornow,grizzlies

retrainlisted.

Obviously,ifprecautions（預(yù)防）aren'ttaken,grizzliescanbeetroublesome,sometimeskillingfarmanimals

orwalkingthroughyardsinsearchcffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites,

grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarm

animalquartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.4tOurhopeistohaveaclean,attractantfrccplace

wherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits,“saysJamesJonkel,longtimebiologistwhomanages

bearsinandaroundMissoula.

5.HowdoAmericanslookatgrizzlies?

A.Theycausemixedfeelingsinpeople.

B.Theyshouldbekeptinnationalparks.

C.Theyarcofhighscientificvalue.

D.TheyareasymbolofAmericanculture.

6.Whathashelpedtheincreaseofthegrizzlypopulation?

A.TheEuropeansettlers'behavior.

B.Theexpansionofbears'range.

C.Theprotectionbylawsince1975.

D.ThesupportofNativeAmericans.

7.WhathasstoppedtheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicefromdelistinggrizzlies?

A.Theoppositionofconservationgroups.

B.Thesuccessfulebackofgrizzlies.

C.Thevoiceofthebiologists.

D.Thelocalfarmers'advocates.

8.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheIasiparagraph?

A.Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.

B.Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.

C.Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.

D.Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.

二、七選五

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

TricksToBeingAPatientPerson

（2023全國甲卷）Here'sariddle:Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwailingforavacationtostartallhave

inmon?Thereisoneanswer.1.

IntheDigitalAge,we'reusedtohavingwhatweneedimmediatelyandrightatourfingertips.However,

researchsuggeststhatifwepracticedpatience,we'dbeawholelotbetteroff.Hereareseveraltricks.

?Practicegratitude（感激）

Thankfulnesshasalotofbenefits:Researchshowsitmakesushappier,lessstressedandevenmoreoptimistic.

2.“Showingthankfulnesscanfostersclfbontrol,“saidYcLi,researcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.

?Makeyour