【英語】高三英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)解題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?

Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothlaunchedfoldablephones,theGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.

Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinsignificantways.Thesedevices,duetotheirbendablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Meanwhile,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".

Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevices,too.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmodemcities,theywillhelpustomaximizeavailablespace.

Inakeynoteaddress,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sablankcanvas(畫布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether."hesaid.

Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?AccordingtotechnewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplaysweredifficulttoproduce.In2012,nineoutofevery10OLED(二極管)screensproducedwereimperfect.Today,that10percentratehasbeenimprovedtobetween50and90percent.However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.

Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.PatrickMoorhead,anindustryanalysttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldableorrollablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Screendevicesonthemarket.

B.

Foldableageisarriving.C.

Possiblepowersofatablet.

D.

Foldablescreensareimperfect.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?A.

Thefoldablescreenhasgreatpotential.B.

TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.C.

Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.D.

Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephone.（3）Whatistheproblemwithfoldablephonesatthemoment?A.

Theyareeasytobreak.

B.

Theyareinconvenienttocarry.C.

Theyarenotasusefulasexpected.

D.

Theyareunaffordableformostfamilies.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofthefoldablescreen?A.

Worried.

B.

Cautious.

C.

Positive.

D.

Unconcerned.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了“可折疊手機(jī)的時代即將到來?！保?）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?”如果有一款具有平板電腦功能的手機(jī)，可以折疊起來，整齊地放在手里，那不是很棒嗎?；以及第二段中的“Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.”現(xiàn)在，類似于平板形狀的可折疊手機(jī)即將問世。可知本文主題是“可折疊手機(jī)的時代即將到來。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen‘thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow’.‘It'sablankcanvas(畫布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether.’”JustinDenison稱可折疊屏幕是“未來智能手機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)”?！斑@是一塊空白的畫布，我們可以一起做一些美好的事情?！薄翱芍?，我們能從賈斯汀·丹尼森的話中了解到“可折疊屏幕”具有很大的潛力?！惫蔬xA。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.”然而，目前這些可折疊設(shè)備價格昂貴。例如華為MateX的價格是17500元人民幣。這是一個很少有人能負(fù)擔(dān)得起的價格?？芍?，目前可折疊手機(jī)大多數(shù)家庭都買不起。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.”但如果這種可折疊設(shè)備不能在一夜之間改變世界，那么毫無疑問，它將會到來?？芍髡邔烧郫B屏幕的未來持的態(tài)度是積極的。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下面文章，然后從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出每個問題的最佳選項。

AninternationalteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordhavefoundthatthewaypeopleusetheInternetiscloselytiedtotheseasonalmovementsinthenaturalworld.Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(遷徙).

Migratorybirds(候鳥)floodbacktowheretheyreproduceeveryspring.Thatmigratorybehaviorisaccompaniedbysomehumanbehavior."InEnglish-languageWikipedia(維基百科),theonlinesearchesformigratoryspeciestendtoincreaseinspringwhenthosebirdsarriveintheUnitedStates,"saidtheleadauthorJohnMittermeier.

Andnotjustbirds.Mittermeierandhisteamsurveyednearly2.5billionWikipediasearchrecords,for32,000species,across245languages.Theyalsosawvariablesearchratesforinsects,horsetailsandfloweringplants.SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.

Thisfindingsuggestsnewwaystomonitorchangesintheworld'sbiologicaldiversity.Italsoshowsnewwaystoseehowmuchpeoplecareaboutnature,andwhichspeciesandareasmightbethemosteffectivetargetsforconservation.

Mittermeierisencouragedbythesearchresults.Hecommented,"Ithinkthere'saconcernamongconservationists(生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)者)thatpeoplearelosingtouchwiththenaturalworldandthatthey'renotinteractingwithnativespeciesanymore.Andsointhatsense,itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature."

RichardGrenyer,AssociateProfessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,sayssearchdataisusefultoconservationbiologists,"Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp."（1）Whathaveresearchersfoundaboutspeciessearches?A.Theystrengthentiesamongpeople.B.Theyaffecttheanimalmovements.C.Theydifferinlanguagebackgrounds.D.Theyreflectanimalmigrationseasons.（2）WhatisthepurposeofwritingParagraph3?A.Tosummarizetheresearchprocess.B.Tofurthersupporttheresearchfindings.C.Toshowthevarietyofspeciessearches.D.Topresentresearchers'heavyworkload.（3）HowdoesMittermeierfeelaboutthesearchresults?A.SatisfiedwithWikipedia'sservice.B.WorriedaboutWikipediabehavior.C.Amazedatpeople'scareaboutnature.D.Sadaboutpeople'snotgettingclosetonature.（4）WhydoesRichardthinksuchsearchdataisuseful?A.Ithelpstoaimatconservationtargets.B.Itincreasesinterestinbigdataapproaches.C.Itkeepstrackoftrendsinbiologists'work.D.Itpushespeopletosolvedifficultproblems.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，牛津大學(xué)的一個國際研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方式與自然界的季節(jié)性運動密切相關(guān)。他們的在線物種搜索遵循季節(jié)性動物遷徙的模式。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)提出了監(jiān)測世界生物多樣性變化的新方法。它還展示了一種新的方式來了解人們有多關(guān)心自然，以及哪些物種和地區(qū)可能是最有效的保護(hù)目標(biāo)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(遷徙).”可知關(guān)于物種搜索，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們遵循季節(jié)性動物遷徙的模式。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.”可知在維基百科上，許多動植物的行為似乎都有季節(jié)性趨勢。即第三段的寫作目的是為了進(jìn)一步支持研究結(jié)果。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature”可知Mittermeier看到人們對維基百科的興趣是與大自然的變化密切相關(guān)的，感到非常興奮和意外。故選C。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp.”可知Richard認(rèn)為通過使用這些大數(shù)據(jù)方法，我們可以將我們的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)代保護(hù)中的難題:哪些物種和地區(qū)正在發(fā)生變化，哪些人最關(guān)心這些問題，哪些人能夠提供最多的幫助。即他認(rèn)為這些搜索數(shù)據(jù)可以有助于設(shè)定保護(hù)目標(biāo)。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀理解

Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe"taught"byadigitalteacher.Beforeyoustartimaginingahuman-likerobotwalkingaroundtheclassroom,Willisjustanavatarthatappearsonthestudent'sdesktop,orsmartphonescreen,whenorderedtocome.

Theautonomousanimationplatformhasbeenmodeledafterthehumanbrainandnervoussystem,allowingittoshowhuman-likebehavior.ThedigitalteacherisassignedtoteachVector's"Besustainablewithenergy"—afreeprogramforAucklandelementaryschools.

Justlikethehumansitreplaced,Willisabletoinstantlyreacttothestudents'responsestothetopic.Thankstoawebcamandmicrophone,theavatarnotonlyrespondstoquestionsthekidsmayhave,butalsopicksupnon-verbalcues.Forinstance,ifastudentsmilesatWill,herespondsbysmilingback.Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.

NikhilRavishankarbelievesthatWill-likeavatarscouldbeanovelwaytocatchtheattentionofthenextgeneration.Hesays,“Ihavealotofhopeinthistechnologyasameanstodelivercost-effective,rich,educationalexperienceinthefuture.”

Theprogram,inplacesinceAugust2018,hasbeenagreatsuccessthusfar.Ravishankarsays,"WhatwasfascinatingtomewasthereactionofthechildrentoWill.Thewaytheylookattheworldissocreativeanddifferent,andWillreallycapturedtheirattention."However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.（1）WhatwasspecialforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland?A.

Adigitalteachertaughtthem.

B.

Theyfirstsawsomethingdigital.C.

Thiswasthestartofanewschoolyear.

D.

Theycouldgetclosetosmartphonescreen.（2）Whatisthebenefitofthistwo-wayinteraction?A.

Itcansmileback.

B.

Itcanusemicrophone.C.

Itcantalkanytopicforfree.

D.

Itcanchangeifnecessary.（3）What'sRavishankar'sattitudetoWill'sreplacingHumaneducatorssoon?A.

Optimistic.

B.

Doubtful.

C.

Unclear.

D.

Disapproving.（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

NewHigh-techContributestoEducationB.

TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom.C.

TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacher,aHelptoStudentsD.

NewZealandWillReplaceTeachersinClassrooms【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一款智能機(jī)器人走進(jìn)小學(xué)課堂，為孩子們講授能源可持續(xù)發(fā)展。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知，他們成為世界上第一批由智能機(jī)器人老師“教”的孩子。由此可知，特殊之處在于機(jī)器人老師教他們。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.”即“這種雙向互動不僅有助于吸引學(xué)生的注意力，還允許程序的開發(fā)人員監(jiān)視他們的參與度，并在需要時做出更改”，由此可得出，其優(yōu)勢在于需要時，可以做出變化。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.”可知，Ravishankar認(rèn)為它不會在短期內(nèi)代替人類教育工作者。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知，從新學(xué)年開始，新西蘭奧克蘭的小學(xué)生將成為世界上第一批被機(jī)器人老師教的孩子。之后文章就此展開，由此可推斷出heWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom最符合本文的標(biāo)題。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Anewstudysuggestsalinkbetweenexposuretogreeneryandreduceddesiresforalcoholcigaretteandjunkfood.

Thestudyisthefirsttoinvestigatethepossiblerelationshipsbetweenexposuretonatureanddesiresandnegativeemotions.ResearchersattheUniversityofPlymouth'sSchoolofPsychologysurveyed149respondents(應(yīng)答者)aged21o65abouttheproportion(比例)ofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood,thepresenceofgreenviewsfromtheirhome,theiraccesstoagardenandhowoftentheyusepublicgreenspace.Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety,aswellasdesiresforthingslikecaffeine,alcoholandnicotine.Participantsratedtheintensity(強(qiáng)度),imagery,andintrusiveness(侵?jǐn)_性)oftheirdesiresonan11-pointscale.

Researchersfoundthepresenceofvisiblegreenspacecontributedtodecreaseddesiresforjunkfood.Theeffectwasparticularlynoticeablewhenmorethan25percentofarespondent'sviewwasgreenery.

Previousscholarship(學(xué)術(shù)研究)hasdealtmostlywithexerciseinnature:A2015studyoutoftheUniversityofMichiganfound90-minutegroupnaturewalkswereeffectiveatcombattingdepressionandrelievingothermooddisorders.Butforpeoplewhostrugglewithaccessibilityordon'thavetimefora90-minutewalk,thisnewstudysuggestsjustlookingoutawindowatatreecanhelpfightoffabadhabit.

"Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatbeingoutdoorsinnatureislinkedtoaperson'swell-being,"leadauthorLeanneMartinsaidinastatement."Butfortheretobeasimilarassociationwithdesiresfromsimplybeingabletoseegreenspaceaddsanewdimensiontothepreviousresearch."

A2018studyfromDenmark'sAarhusUniversityforexample,foundthat.Havingaccesstogreenspacethroughoutchildhooddecreasedaperson'sriskofdevelopingmentalhealthproblemsasanadult.（1）Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theresultsofthenewstudy.B.Thepurposeofthenewstudy.C.Thesignificanceofthenewstudy.D.Thecontentofthenewstudy.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"combatting"inparagraph4probablymean?A.Reducing.B.Developing.C.Understanding.D.Encouraging（3）Accordingtothepassage,thenewstudy_____.A.mainlyreferredtoexerciseinnatureB.hasenrichedthepreviousresearchtosomedegreeC.wascarriedoutbytheUniversityofMichiganD.foundexposuretogreeneryhelpedcurementalproblems（4）nwhichsectionofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A.EntertainmentB.BusinessWorldC.Tech&ScienceD.Environment【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項新的研究成果---多看綠色植物和吃垃圾食品這兩者看似風(fēng)馬牛不相及，可研究結(jié)構(gòu)卻表明它們之間存在著一種奇妙的關(guān)系：多看綠色植物能幫助人們克制吃垃圾食品的欲望。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第二段中的

“Researchers…surveyed149respondentsaged21o65abouttheproportionofgreenspaceintheirneighborhood…”研究人員調(diào)查了年齡在21~65歲之間的149名參與者小區(qū)內(nèi)的綠植比例……；以及“Thestudyalsoaskedquestionsaboutexperienceswithdepressionandanxiety…”研究中還問了與抑郁及焦慮有關(guān)的問題……等可知，第二段主要介紹了新研究的調(diào)查內(nèi)容，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)常識可知，在大自然中散步對人體有各種各樣的好處，再結(jié)合句中出現(xiàn)的“relievingothermooddisorders(緩解其他情緒紊亂)”不難推斷出，combattingdepression應(yīng)表示“減輕抑郁”。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“…addsanewdimension(方面)tothepreviousresearch”為以前的研究增加了新的方面，可知，新的研究在某種程度上豐富了之前的研究成果。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了一項科學(xué)研究的研究成果，所以該文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在“技術(shù)與科學(xué)”版塊。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和段落大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Somepeoplesitoutsideforhourswithoutgettingbittenbymosquitoes,butitalwaysseemslikeyou'rebeingeatenalivewithinminutesofsteppingoutdoors.

Ifthisisyou,you'renotalone.AccordingtoSmithsonianMagazine,around20percentofpeopleintheworldareespeciallytastytomosquitoes.Whataboutthesepeoplemakesmosquitoes'mouthswater?

Apopularmythclaimsthatmosquitoesprefercertainbloodtypes,butthefactisthattheysimplycan'ttellwhatyourbloodtypeisfromafarawayplace.JonathonDay,aprofessorofmedicalentomology(昆蟲學(xué))attheUniversityofFloridaintheUS,toldNBCit'snotcomplicated."Thetwomostimportantreasonsamosquitoisattractedtoyouhavetodowithsightandsmell."

Mosquitoesareespeciallyactiveinthelateafternoon.Whileflyingalong,theyusetheirsenseofsmelltofindpossibletargets.Theyfindvictims(攻擊對象)bysmellingthecarbondioxide(CO2)breathedoutbyhumansandanimals.That'swhyyoucommonlyfindthemincrowdedstreetsandparks.

JoopvanLoon,anentomologistatWageningenUniversityintheNetherlands,toldLiveScience,"Mosquitoesstartorienting(使......朝向)themselvestocarbondioxideandkeepflyingupwindastheysensehigherconcentrations(濃度)."

Asaresult,peoplewhosimplyexhale(呼出)moreofthegasovertime–generally,largerpeople–havebeenshowntoattractmoremosquitoesthanothers."Thisiswhykidsdon'tgetbittenasmuch...asadults,"USprofessorTedRosentoldScienceAlert.

ThisloveforCO2canalsoputpregnantwomenatincreasedriskformosquitobites,astheytendtoexhale21percentmoreCO2thanpeopleofthesameageandsizewhoaren'tpregnant.

Inadditiontocarbondioxide,thecoloroftheclothesyouwearalsoplaysaroleinattractingmosquitoes.

AccordingtoLiveScience,mosquitoescanlockontotargetsfromupto50metersaway.Atthisdistance,whatwewearhasahugeeffect.Duetotheirvision(視覺),peoplewearingdarkcolorsaremorelikelytobecometargets.

Beingbittenbymosquitoesisannoying,butdon'tworry.Somesimpletipscanhelpwardthemoff.Scientistsrecommendthatweuseinsectrepellent(驅(qū)蟲劑)andwearlight-coloredclothing.（1）Howdomosquitoeslocatetheirtargets,accordingtothearticle?A.Byseekingoutbrightclothes.B.Byidentifyingdifferentbloodtypes.C.Bysensinganincreaseofcarbondioxide.D.Byfollowingbiggercrowds.（2）Whyarepregnantwomenmorelikelytobebittenbymosquitoes?A.Theirlargersizehelpsmosquitoestoseethem.B.TheybreatheoutmoreCO2.C.Theyaremorelikelytosweat.D.Theirbodytemperaturesarehigher.（3）Howdoesthearticleadviseyoutoavoidmosquitoes?A.Exerciseregularly.B.Wearlight-coloredclothing.C.Keepyourskindryandclean.D.Stayindoorsintheevening.（4）What'sthearticlemainlyabout?A.Anewfindingaboutmosquitoes.B.Howpeoplecanavoidmosquitobites.C.Apopularmythaboutmosquitoes.D.Whysomepeoplearemoreattractivetomosquitoesthanothers.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了為什么有些人可以整個夏天坐在戶外乘涼卻不被蚊子叮咬，而有些人一出門就好像要被蚊子吃掉一樣。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whileflyingalong,theyusetheirsenseofsmelltofindpossibletargets.Theyfindvictimsbysmellingthecarbondioxide(CO2)breathedoutbyhumansandanimals.”飛的時候，它們用嗅覺發(fā)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。它們通過聞人和動物呼出的二氧化碳來鎖定目標(biāo)；以及第五段中的“Mosquitoesstartorientingthemselvestocarbondioxideandkeepflyingupwindastheysensehigherconcentrations”蚊子開始飛向有二氧化碳的地方，當(dāng)它們感知到高濃度的二氧化碳時，就保持逆流飛行，可知，蚊子通過感知二氧化碳的增加來鎖定目標(biāo)。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第七段“ThisloveforCO2canalsoputpregnantwomenatincreasedriskformosquitobites,astheytendtoexhale21percentmoreCO2thanpeopleofthesameageandsizewhoaren'tpregnant.”對二氧化碳的喜歡使得孕婦很容易被蚊子咬，因為她們比正常相同年齡，相同體型的人呼出多余21%的二氧化碳，可知，孕婦呼出更多的二氧化碳，所以更招蚊子咬。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Scientistsrecommendthatweuseinsectrepellentandwearlight-coloredclothing.”科學(xué)家建議我們使用驅(qū)蟲劑或者穿淺顏色的衣服?？芍?，文章建議我們可以通過穿淺色衣服來避免蚊子叮咬。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“AccordingtoSmithsonianMagazine,around20percentofpeopleintheworldareespeciallytastytomosquitoes.Whataboutthesepeoplemakesmosquitoes'mouthswater?”根據(jù)Smithsonian雜志，世界上大約20%的人容易招蚊子咬。為什么這些人非常吸引蚊子呢？可知，本文探討的話題是：為什么一些人比其他人更容易招蚊子。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

E-Sports,shortforelectronicsports,isoneofthegrowingindustriesintheworld,withprizestotalingaround$25millionupforgrabsinsometournaments.E-Sportsareprofessionalmultiplayervideogamecompetitions.Anyvideogamewithastrongcompetitiveelementisconsiderede-Sports.Thecompetitionmodelsitselfaftertraditionalprofessionalsportsinseveralways:itusescorrespondingtournamentformats,involvesplayercontracts,andisgovernedbyregulations.Theathleteswhocompeteine-Sportscompetitionsaregamers．

Thehistoryofe-Sportsdatesbackto1972whensomeStanfordUniversitystudentscompetedintheIntergalacticSpaceWarOlympicsfortheopportunitytowinaone-yearsubscriptiontotheRollingStoneMagazine.E-Sportsprettymuchcontinuedontheratherquietpathuntilthe80swhencompetitionsliketheSpaceInvadersChampionshipshotthemtothespotlight.2002markedthebeginningofaneweraforthesportandlaidthefoundationforwhate-SportswouldbecomethankstothereleaseoftheXboxlive,whichbroughtonlineplaytoconsoles.HaloⅡbecamethefirstgametobeshownonnationaltelevisionforMajorLeagueGamingin2004,pavingthewayfore-Sportstobecomeaglobalphenomenon.

Today,e-SportsaregrowingatarapidpacethankstoadvanceintechnologyandthearrivalofstreamingserviceslikeTwitchwhichhaveexposedvideogamecompetitionstoanewaudienceduetotheirextensivereach.

TounderstandhowmuchimpactTwitchhasmade,datafromgaminganalystgroupNewzooshowthate-Sportsglobalaudienceincreased43percentfrom204millionto292millionbetween2014and2016.Interestingly,thiscoincides(一致)withAmazon'sacquisitionofTwitchin2014anditsefforttomakethecompetitionaspectatorsport.（1）Whatdoweknowaboute-Sports?A.

Theyarestronglycompetitive.

B.

Theyspreadworldwideovernight.C.

Theytotallydifferfromtraditionalones.

D.

Theathletesinthesportsareprogrammers.（2）WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A.

Theoriginofe-Sports.

B.

Thevarietyofe-Sports.C.

Theadvantagesofe-Sports.

D.

Thedevelopmentofe-Sports.（3）Howdoestheauthorfeelaboute-Sport'sfuture?A.

Doubtful.

B.

Uncertain.

C.

Hopeful.

D.

Worried.（4）Whatisthepurposeofquotingdatainthelastparagraph?A.

TointroduceNewzoo.

B.

Toconductaresearch.C.

ToshowtheinfluenceofTwitch.

D.

Toarousetheaudience'sinterest.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了什么是電子競技以及它的發(fā)展。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"E-Sportsareprofessionalmultiplayervideogamecompetitions.Anyvideogamewithastrongcompetitiveelementisconsiderede-Sports."可知,電子競技是一種專業(yè)的多人視頻游戲競賽,任何具有強(qiáng)烈競爭元素的電子游戲都被認(rèn)為是電子競技,也就是說電子競技具有很強(qiáng)的競爭性,故選A。（2）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thehistoryofe-Sportsdatesbackto1972","E-Sportsprettymuchcontinuedontheratherquietpathuntilthe80s","2002markedthebeginningofaneweraforthesport"及"HaloⅡbecamethefirstgametobeshownonnationaltelevisionforMajorLeagueGamingin2004,pavingthewayfore-Sportstobecomeaglobalphenomenon."等細(xì)節(jié)可知,本段以時間為順序介紹了電子競技的發(fā)展,故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，如今,由于技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和像Twitch這樣的流媒體服務(wù)的到來,電子競技正在快速發(fā)展,由于Twitch的覆蓋面廣,它已經(jīng)將電子游戲競賽展示給了新的觀眾,特別是"growingatarapidpace"表明了作者對電子競技的未來充滿希望,故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"TounderstandhowmuchimpactTwitchhasmade,datafromgaminganalystgroupNewzooshowthate-Sportsglobalaudienceincreased43percentfrom204millionto292millionbetween2014and2016."可知,為了了解Twitch產(chǎn)生了多大的影響,游戲分析機(jī)構(gòu)Newzoo的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,從2014年到2016年,全球電子競技的觀眾數(shù)量增長了43%,從2.04億增加到2.92億,由此可知最后一段引用的數(shù)據(jù)就是為了表明Twitch產(chǎn)生的影響,故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

It'scommonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.

Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatananglethat's15.4degreesofftotheobserver'sright-welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,"She'snotlookingatyou."Thisissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson'sgaze(凝視)inaphotographorpaintingseemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe"MonaLisaeffect".Thateffectisabsolutelyreal,Horstmannsaid.Ifapersonisillustratedorphotographedlookingstraightahead,evenpeopleviewingtheportraitfromananglewillfeeltheyarebeinglookedat.Aslongastheangleoftheperson'sgazeisnomorethanabout5degreesofftoeitherside,theMonaLisaeffectoccurs.

Thisisimportantforhumaninteractionwithon-screencharacters.Ifyouwantsomeoneofftotherightsideofaroomtofeelthatapersonon-screenislookingathimorher,youdon'tcutthegazeofthecharactertothatside-surprisingly,doingsowouldmakeanobserverfeellikethecharacterisn'tlookingatanyoneintheroomatall.Instead,youkeepthegazestraightahead.

Horstmannandhisco-authorwerestudyingthiseffectforitsapplicationinthecreationofartificial-intelligenceavatars(虛擬頭像)whenHorstmanntookalonglookatthe"MonaLisa"andrealizedshewasn'tlookingathim.

Tomakesureitwasn'tjusthim,theresearchersasked24peopletoviewimagesofthe"MonaLisa"onacomputerscreen.TheysetarulerbetweentheviewerandthescreenandaskedtheparticipantstonotewhichnumberontherulerintersectedMonaLisa'sgaze.TocalculatetheangleofMonaLisa'sgazeasshelookedattheviewer,theymovedtherulerfartherfromorclosertothescreenduringthestudy.Consistently,theresearchersfound,participantsjudgedthatthewomaninthe"MonaLisa"portraitwasnotlookingstraightatthem,butslightlyofftotheirright.

Sowhydopeoplerepeatthebeliefthathereyesseemtofollowtheviewer?Horstmannisn'tsure.It'spossible,hesaid,thatpeoplehavethedesiretobelookedat,sotheythinkthewomanislookingstraightatthem.Ormaybethepeoplewhofirstcoinedtheterm"MonaLisaeffect"justthoughtitwasacoolname.（1）Itisgenerallybelievedthatthewomaninthepainting"MonaLisa"

.A.

attractstheviewerstolookback

B.

seemsmysteriousbecauseofhereyesC.

fixeshereyesonthebackoftheviewers

D.

looksattheviewerswherevertheystand（2）WhatgazerangeinapaintingwillcausetheMonaLisaeffect?A.

B.

C.

D.

（3）Thee