2025-2026學(xué)年高考二輪精準(zhǔn)復(fù)習(xí)02閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義題易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)分析詞義/詞組指代易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)代詞指代猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)句意猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)典例能力提升專練高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的猜測(cè)詞義題主要考查學(xué)生結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境、構(gòu)詞法、邏輯關(guān)系等來(lái)推斷生詞或短語(yǔ)含義的能力，學(xué)生在做這類題時(shí)常陷入以下易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：詞義/詞組指代易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)這類題錯(cuò)誤主要因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)詞匯量積累和詞根詞綴積累不足，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜詞是閱讀理解必不可少的能力。平時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)大量積累單詞，同時(shí)利用前后的同位關(guān)系或后面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。代詞指代猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前面的詞語(yǔ)或句子甚至段落都有著密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。有時(shí)代詞與指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，認(rèn)真查找，才能得出代詞所指代的事。句意猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)此類題型應(yīng)當(dāng)定位畫線句子，充分利用語(yǔ)法和邏輯關(guān)系分析原句。同時(shí)分析理解畫線句前后的語(yǔ)境，合理歸納總結(jié)找出與原句意思相同的選項(xiàng)并代入畫線處驗(yàn)證。切不可因?yàn)榫渲谐霈F(xiàn)熟詞，而脫離語(yǔ)境，望文生義。詞義/詞組指代易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)典例（一）SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockforwhatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock”inparagraph5mean?A．Abasicpart. B．Adetailedmap.C．Abuildingmaterial. D．Amajorobstacle.（二）Inrecentyears,"greenwashing"hasbecomeacommonmarketingstrategy.Companiesclaimtheirproductsareenvironmentallyfriendly,butinreality,theseclaimsareoftenmisleading.Forexample,aplasticbottlelabeled"100%recyclable"mighttechnicallymeetthestandard,yetonly5%ofsuchbottlesareactuallyrecycledduetoalackoffacilities.Thispracticenotonlyconfusesconsumersbutalsounderminesgenuineeffortstoprotecttheplanet.Theword"thispractice"intheparagraphrefersto______.A.producingplasticbottlesB.labelingproductsasrecyclableC.misleadingenvironmentalclaimsD.buildingrecyclingfacilities代詞指代猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)典例（一）Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemicalthatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssawpicturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.......Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inparagraph3referto?A．Amidbrainarea. B．Asocialactivity. C．Avolunteer. D．Ahamburger.（二）Theconceptof"biomimicry"indesigninvolvesimitatingnature’ssolutionstosolvehumanproblems.Forinstance,engineersstudiedthestructureofkingfisherbeakstoreducenoiseinhigh-speedtrains.Byshapingthetrain’snoselikethebird’sbeak,theysignificantlyloweredthesoundcausedbyairpressure.Thisnotonlymadetrainsquieterbutalsoimprovedtheirenergyefficiency.Theword“This”intheparagraphrefersto______.A.studyingkingfisherbeaksB.theconceptofbiomimicryC.shapingthetrain’snoselikeabeakD.reducingairpressure句意猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)典例（一）

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹沒(méi))withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.......Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimpliesthat______.A．howevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobesatisfiedB．howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoorC．thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimplelifeD．thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeacage（二）Theterm"digitaldetox"hasgainedpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyfeeloverwhelmedbyconstantconnectivity.Itreferstoaperiodwhenindividualsintentionallyavoidusingsmartphones,computers,andsocialmediatoreducestress.However,criticsarguethatcompletelycuttingofftechnologyisimpracticalintoday’sworld.Theysuggestabalancedapproach:settingboundariesforscreentimewhilemaintainingessentialcommunication.Inotherwords,it’snotaboutabandoningdevicesentirely,butaboutusingthemmindfully.Question:Theunderlinedsentence"it’snotaboutabandoningdevicesentirely,butaboutusingthemmindfully"impliesthat______.A.technologyshouldbebannedtoprotectmentalhealthB.peoplemustdeleteallsocialmediaaccountsimmediatelyC.thekeyistocontroltechnologyuse,noteliminateitD.digitaldetoxisimpossibleinmodernsociety能力提升專練（一）（2024·全國(guó)·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Mymother’sphonedoesoddthings.Itringsinthemiddleofthenight,andbythetimeshegetstoit,there’snoonethere.Thelasttimeweweretalkingaboutthis,mymothersaid,“Itneverusedtohappenwiththeoldphone.”“Youmeantherotaryphone(老式旋轉(zhuǎn)撥號(hào)電話)?Theblackone?Youstillhavethat?”“Ohyeah,Ihaveit.”Wehadtwoofthem.Whenthephonerang,Irantoanswerit.Iwantedtoanswerit.Someonesomewherethoughtofme.Theyneededme.Theywantedme.Theytookthetimetolookupmynumber,sitdownandtalktome.Irememberrollingthephonecord(線)betweenmyfingersasItalked.Sometimes,myeyeswoulddanceasmybraindrewthestoryafriendwastelling.Theseweremydistractions.Iwasn’tgoinganywhereordoinganythingbecauseIwasalreadysomewhereanddoingsomething.Somethingimportant.Iwaslistening.Iwasconnecting.Iwassayingyestothisconversationandsayingnotoeverythingelse.Whenlandlinewastheonlyline,long-distancechargesusedtokickinatthecitylimits.Mymotherwouldoftensayyoupaidbytheword,sopickafewandsaythemfast.Myparentsusedtogetupat4inthemorningtocallrelativesbackhome.Mymemoriesofthoseconversationsarewarmandloving.Inthosefewmoments,therewasnooneelsemoreimportant.Nowwetakeitforgrantedthatwecantalktoanyoneanywhere.Yetweforgetthatmakingthatcallisaboutconnection.It’sabouthumanheartsthirstingfortheirlifeblood.Soifyouareplanningtocallsomeonetotalk,cry,celebrateorwhatever,thencallthem.Andshowthemthattalkingtothemismorevaluablethananythingelse.1．Whatarethestrangethingstheauthor’smother’sphonedoes?A．Itbreaksdownandfailstoworkcompletely.B．Itdisturbsherwhensheisinthemiddleofdinner.C．Itmakessoundswithoutanyonebeingontheline.D．Itforceshertowakeupveryearlyinthemorning.2．Whatdoestheauthorrememberaboutusingtheoldphone?A．Theexcitementanddeepengagementintheconversations.B．Thenervousnessandanxietywhenansweringthephone.C．Theunwillingnessofhavingtoansweritanytimeitrings.D．Theconvenienceoftalkingtofriendsandsharinggossips.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)ifeblood”referto?A．Bloodthatisnecessaryforourheartstowork.B．Latestnewstohelpusconnectwiththeworld.C．Nutrientsthatensurethefunctionsofourorgans.D．Humancommunicationandinterpersonalbonds.4．What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Tohighlightthelatestdevelopmentoftelephonetechnology.B．Toadvocateforphoneinteractionswithcareandconcentration.C．Tocomplainabouttheannoyingphonecallsintheevening.D．Torecallhappymemoriesoftalkingtofriendsonthephone.（二）（2024·四川成都·一模）WhenyouthinkofatypicalAmerican,whodoyoupicture?AprettyblondwhiteAmericanlikeTaylorSwiftorahandsomeblackAmericanlikebasketballstarMichaelJordan?Infact,therewasatimewhentheaverageAmericanlookedlikeneitherofthesepeople.Backintheyear1500,theaverageAmericanwasabrown-skinnedhunter-gathererwhoprobablyrodeahorseandworeclothingmadefromanimalskins.Today,theancestorsofthesepeoplearebroadlyreferredtoas“NativeAmericans”,“AmericanIndians”orsimply“Indians”.WhentheEuropeansettlementofNorthAmericabegan,therewasintenseconflictbetweensettlersfromoverseasandthesenativepeople.In1830,formerUSpresidentAndrewJacksonsignedtheIndianRemovalAct.ThisactrequiredallIndianstomigratetowestoftheMississippiRivertoallowfortheexpansionoftheUS.AmericanIndiansweretreatedasamilitary“enemy”until1924,whenthefewIndiansstillaliveatthatpointweregrantedUScitizenship.ThatwasthefirsttimethattheUSgovernmentformallyrecognizedtherightsofIndians.WhilethestoryoftheAmericanIndianshasbeenasadone,theirlegacyisstillfelteverydayintheUS.ManyUSgeographicalnamescomefromIndianlanguages,suchasOhio,Topeka,KansasandthePotomacRiver.Atthesametime,therearemanysuccessfulacademicsandotherimportantUSleaderswhoaredescended(是…的后裔)fromIndians.Andnowadays,moreandmorehistoryclassesinUSpublicschoolsareeducatingstudentsabouthowIndianssufferedduringthesettlementoftheUS.Althoughwhathappenedcannotbeundone,wecanlearnatleastonethingfromthesadhistoryoftheIndians:Ifwewantabetterfuture,wemustlookcarefullyandhonestlyatthepast.5．WhydoesthewritermentionTaylorSwiftandMichaelJordan?A．Tochallengereaders’ideasofatypicalAmerican.B．Tosupportthewriter’spointonAmericanidentity.C．ToprovidetypicalexamplesofnativeAmericans.D．TocomparetheirappearanceswithtypicalAmericans.6．HowweretheAmericanIndianstreatedinthemiddleofthe19thcentury?A．TheyweregrantedUScitizenship.B．Theywereregardedasamilitary“enemy”.C．TheywererequiredtolivealongtheMississippiRiver.D．TheywereaskedtoleavethecountrybytheUSgovernment.7．WhichofthefollowingaspectsshowstheAmericanIndianlegacytoday?A．Originsofnamesofsomeplaces.B．PopularityoftheIndianlanguage.C．SuccessoftheAcademicandotherimportantUSleaders.D．MoreandmorehistoryclassesinAmericanpublicschools.8．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthehistoryofAmericanIndians?A．Itshouldbeignoredtomoveon. B．Itholdslittleinterestforhim.C．It’shurtfultoberemindedofit. D．It’svaluabletoreflectonit.（三）（24-25高一上·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）LearningChinesehasneverbeenmoreconvenientnowthateveryonecarriesasmartphoneintheirpockets.ThereareanumberofMandarinChineselearningappsforiPhoneandAndroidoutonthemarket,varyingfromsimplegamesandflashcardappstofull-blownlanguagecourses.Fluentu:LearnthroughRealWorldContentIfyouhaveevertakenalanguageclassinschoolyouprobablyusedatextbookfilledwithallsortsofexercisesorreadingpassages.Usuallythiscontentisboring,andnotlikeanythingyouwouldnormallymeetinreallife.FluentutakesanovelapproachtolanguagelearningbyusingrealworldChineselanguagevideocontenttakenfromtheInternet.VocabularyspecifictoeachvideoistaughtandeveryvideohassubtitlesinChinese.Videosareusuallyveryinterestingandrangefromcommercialstomusicvideosandsoon—greatforculturaleducation.ChineseSkill:LanguageLearningGameChineseSkillteacheslanguagemuchlikethepopularlanguagelearningappDuolingo.Itstartsoffthebasicsthroughcontainedtopicalmoduleslikenumbers,food,directions,etc.Instructionislaidoutinanintuitive(直觀的)way,slowlyintroducinggrammarandvocabularythroughaseriesofmini-games.MostofthetasksinChineseSkillusepinyinandEnglishbuttherearealsosomecharacterrecognitiontasksaswell.IfyouwanttolearnhowtowriteChinese,thisappwon'tbeenoughforyou.Butforbasicconversationallistening,speaking,andvocabulary,thislittleappdoesthetrickinaveryentertainingway.Evenbetterit'stotallyfree!Skritter:LearningtoWriteChineseCharactersSkritterisapowerfulappthatteachesyoutowriteandrecognizeChineseandJapanesewrittencharacters.Theappisabletorecognizeyourhandwrittencharactersandcorrectanymistakes.Itisavailableforallmajorplatforms—iOS,Android,Mac,Windowsandtheycurrentlyoffera7-dayfreetrial.Checkitout!9．WhatistheadvantageofFluentu?A．Interesting. B．Manufactured.C．Dull. D．Basic.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thetrick”referto?A．Gameintroduction.B．Chinesegrammarpractice.C．Vocabularyvideo.D．Chineselearning.11．Wheremaywefindthispassage?A．AChineselearningreferencebook.B．Anadvertisement.C．Anappstorewebsite.D．Atouristhandbook.12．Whichonemaybethefavoriteofthechildren?A．Fluentu. B．ChineseSkill.C．Skritter. D．Duolingo.（四）（24-25高三下·甘肅甘南·開學(xué)考試）IntheheartoftheKanien’kehaNation(卡尼恩克哈部族)inCanada,McComber,anativelanguageteacherreflectedonaquestionraisedbyMaori(毛利語(yǔ))languageadvocateSirKaretu:whatwashisdreamforthefutureofhislanguage?Kanien’kehalanguageisendangered.Andfordecades,McComberhasworkedhardtooperateanativelanguageschool.Attheturnofthecenturyasitencounteredmorebarriers,McComberlookedaroundtheworldforhelpandinspiration,andKaretuwastheanswer.“Don’twaitformoneyorapproval;justdothework,”Karetutoldhim.It’sthesamemessageKaretucarriedwithhimdecadesago,whentheMaorilanguagewasalsoindanger.Intheearly1970s,youngMaoriadvocatesinNewZealandmarchedtothegovernment,demandingMaoribetaughtinallpublicschools.In1982,DameIritanaTawhiwhirangiestablishedKohangaReo,anengaginglanguageprogramwhereMaoriwastheonlylanguagetaught,spokenandusedbothintheclassroomandathome,andthecoursesfocusedontheirhistoryandculture.“Grandparentsbecameteachers,”shesays.“Thedifference-makerwasthattheKohangaReowasentirelycommunity-led.Familiesraisedthemoneytorentclassroomspaces,andvolunteersplannedandtaughtclasses.”TranslatedinEnglishas“l(fā)anguagenest”,theKohangaReomodelquicklybecameanimportantculturalexportandinspiredotherminoritycommunitiesworldwide.“Ourparentsruled,”astudentofMcComber’snestschoolsays,“Theywantedtoteachusthebeautyofourlanguage,ourculture,andwhoweare.AndithasgivenmetheconfidencetospeakandreadwitheaseinbothEnglishandKanien’keha.”Themodelhelpedcommunitiesviewtheworldthroughtheirancestors’eyes,ensuringthesurvivaloftheirwayoflife.“It’snotjustaboutlanguage,”McCombercannowanswerthatquestion.“It’severything.”13．WhydidMcComberturntoKaretuforhelp?A．KaretualsospokeKanien’keha. B．Karetuoncefacedasimilarcrisis.C．Heneededhisfinancialsupport. D．Hedesiredhistipsonlanguagelearning.14．WhatcontributedtothesuccessofKohangaReo?A．Expansionofpublicschools. B．Flexibilityofthecourses.C．Ruleofthestudents’parents. D．Supportfromthecommunity.15．Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．TheimpactoftheKohangaReomodel. B．Theimportanceofparents’involvement.C．Theprocedureforbuildingthenestschool. D．Thecaseofastudentachievinghisgoal.16．Bysaying“It’severything”,McCombersuggests________.A．guaranteeingthesurvivaloftheirownschools B．keepingtheircultureforfuturegenerationsC．purifyingtheiruniqueminoritylanguage D．transformingthetraditionoftheirancestors（五）（24-25高三·云南昆明·期末）Thereareonlytwonorthernwhiterhinosleftontheearth,bothofwhicharefemale,namedNajinandFatu.Theywerebornin1989and2000andnowliveintheOIPejetaReserveinKenya.ThenorthernwhiterhinoisaspeciesofthewhiterhinosthatwasoncefoundinsevcralcountricsacrossCentralandEastAfrica.Theyaregrazersprimarilyfeedingongrasses.Sadly,duetoillegalhuntingandhabitatloss,thenorthernwhiterhinoisnowontheedgeofextihctionProfessionalshavebeenmakinggreateffortstoprotectthem.Thereserveprovides24-hourarmedguardstoensuretheirsafety.Scientistsarealsoworkinghardonrep