主謂一致考點、熱點回顧一）主謂一致的種類 1．語法形式上的一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復數(shù)形式。Thenumberofthestudentspresentis200.JaneandMarylookalike.2．意義上一致1）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。如：Thecrowdwereshouting.單數(shù)形式代表復數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：people,police,cattle等。2）主語形式為復數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Thenewswassosurprising.形復意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結尾的學科名稱，如physics，politics,economics等。3．就近原則即謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or，either…or,neither…not,notonly…butalso等連接的并列主語，如果一個是單數(shù)，一個是復數(shù)，謂語動詞與靠近它的主語一致。EitheryourstudentsorMr.Wangknowsthis.二）主謂一致的應用1．名詞作主語1）某些集體名詞，如family,team等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。如：Hisfamilyisahappyone.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.這類名詞有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。名詞population一詞的使用情況類似?！癮group(crowd)of+復數(shù)名詞”等短語之后的謂語動詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復數(shù)，前者強調(diào)整體，后者強調(diào)各個部分。2）某些集體名詞，如people,police,cattle等，只當復數(shù)看待，謂語動詞必須用復數(shù)。Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.3）單、復數(shù)同形的名詞主語時，謂語動詞應根據(jù)意義決定單、復數(shù)。Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.4）名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一般用單數(shù)。Thedoctor’sisacrossthestreet.常見的省略名詞有：thebaker’s,thebarber’s,thecarpenter’s,theZhang’s等。表示店鋪的名詞，一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語時，謂語動詞往往用復數(shù)。Richardson’shavealotofgoodstosell.5）當名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復數(shù)名詞時，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。Threeyearshaspassedsincethen.6）不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.7）如果主語有morethanone…或manya…構成，盡管從意義上看是復數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.Manyagirlhasbeenthere.但是，“more+復數(shù)名詞+thanone”結構之后，謂語動詞一般多用復數(shù)形式。Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.8）一些有兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主語用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞”構成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.9）thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind（這種書），其謂語動詞用單數(shù)；短語thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口語)（這一類人），但thiskindofmen的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的謂語動詞用復數(shù)，allkindsof后跟復數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.10）復數(shù)形式的單、復數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復數(shù)。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。The(This)glassworkswassetupin1980.The（These）glassworksareneartherailwaystation.當它們前面有a,sucha,this,that修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)；有all,such,these,those修飾時，謂語用復數(shù)，但means,nomeans,themeans等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時，可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復數(shù)。11）如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most,half,rest等詞語，所指的復數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。Allofmyclassmateslikemusic.Allofthewaterisgone.12)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致。Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.2．由連接詞連接的名詞作主語1）用and或both…and連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式。Plasticsandrubberneverrot.Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.但是，并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Thegirl’steacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.Toloveandtobelovedisgreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.2）當主語后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引導的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)而定。Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.3）以or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)應根據(jù)就近一致的原則。Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.Eitheryouorheistogo.3．代詞作主語1）名詞性物主代詞作主語時，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。Ours(OurParty)isagreatparty.Yourshoesareblack,andmine(=myshoes)arebrown.2）such,thesame起指示代詞作用時，應根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來決定單、復數(shù)。Suchisourplan.Sucharehiswords.3）關系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.4）疑問代詞who,what,which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達的意思決定單、復數(shù)。Wholivesnextdoor?ItisXiaoLiu.Wholivenextdoor?ItisZhangandLiu.Whatproduce(s)heat?5）不定代詞any,either,neither,none,allsome,more等作主語時，有以下兩種情況：單獨作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)形式，Nowallhasbeenchanged.Allarepresent.either,neither單獨作主語時，謂語通常用單數(shù)。但后接of時，若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞，動詞當然用單數(shù)形式，若of的賓語為復數(shù)名詞或代詞時，動詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動詞更常用。Do(es)anyofyouknowhisaddress?Noneofthemhas(have)seenthefilm.4．分數(shù)、量詞作主語1）“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞”構成的短語以及由“alotof,lotsofplentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名詞”構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語，Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和這種情況類似的還有“anumberof+名詞復數(shù)”，但是，“thenumberof+名詞”的中心詞卻是number,Anumberofstudentshavegonehome.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.注意：(large)quantitiesof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)，Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短語inquantity,inlargequantities意為“大量”；insmallquantities意為“少量”。2）agreatdealof,alargeamountof修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)；largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)，Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.3）表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后，名詞要用復數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.4）halfof,(a)partof修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。5．名詞化的形容詞作主語如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結構擔任時，謂語通常用復數(shù)，這類詞有：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等；但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別，則用單數(shù)。Theblindstudyinspecialschools.Thedepartedwasawell-knownengineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時，就要與名詞man,person或表示人的單數(shù)連和，如：anoldman,arichperson,the(a)woundedsoldier6．從句作主語1）由what引導的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式，Whatweneedismoretime.Whatweneedaredoctors.2）在“oneof+復數(shù)名詞++who/that/which”引導的從句結構中，關系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的動詞應該是復數(shù)形式。Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthathavebeentold.但是當one之前有theonly等修飾語時，關系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復數(shù)名詞，因此從句的動詞應是單數(shù)形式。Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslate.【就近一致原則（Proximity）】也稱“鄰近原則”，即：謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時不一定是主語）在“人稱、數(shù)”上一致。I.在正式文體中：1.由下列詞語連接的并列主語："or;either…or；nor;neither…or；whether…or；not…but;notonly…butalso";等。e.g.①Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行為或言談都與我無關。②NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都沒錯。③Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你，而是你父親該受責備。④Notonlyyouhut(also)heiswrong.不僅你錯了，他也錯了。2.在倒裝句中：謂語可與后面第一個主語一致。e.g.①Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.在遠處，能聽見鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。②Thereis(are)apenandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。II.非正式文體中：有時依“就近一致原則”，但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴格地依“語法一致原則”。e.g.NeithershenorIwerethere(意義一致)我和他當時都不在那兒。（非正式）NeithershenorIwasthere.（就近一致）（譯文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項原則相矛盾時，則常常認為是不太合符規(guī)范的。e.g.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見。（依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則；但語法上，“Noone”才是主語，謂語要改成“agrees”?！皩懽髦小币话阋馈罢Z法一致”原則。四、課堂練習NeitherhenorI___fortheplan.A.wereB.isCareD.am2.MyfamilyaswellasI___gladtoseeyou.A.wasB.isC.areD.am3.Myfather,togetherwithsomeofhisoldfriends,___therealready.A.willbeB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.havebeen4.Therearetworoadsandeither___tothestation.A.isleadingB.areleadingC.leadD.leads5.Nineplusthree___twelve.A.aremakingB.ismakingC.makeD.makes6.Twentymiles___alongwaytocover.A.seemtobeB.isC.areD.were7.Veryfew___hisaddressinthetown.A.hasknownB.areknowingC.knowD.knows8.Whenandwherethistookplace___stillunknown.A.hasB.isC.wereD.ar9.Iknowthatall___gettingonwellwithher.A.wereB.areC.isD.was10.Therestofthenovel___veryinteresting.A.seemB.isC.areD.were11.Ourfamily___ahappyone.A.areB.wasC.areD.is12.Theboysittingbythewindowistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___fromthecountrysideinourschool.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are13.Morethanoneanswer___tothequestion.A.hadgivenB.weregivenC.hasbeengivenD.havebeengiven14.Thestudentsinourschooleach___anEnglishdictionary.A.arehavingB.hadC.hasD.have15.Thepairofshoes___wornout.A.hadbeenB.havebeenC.wereD.was16.Aprofessorandawriter___presentatthemeeting.A.hadbeenB.wereC.isD.was17.Thosewho___singingmayjoinus.A.isfondofB.enjoyC.likesD.areliking18.There___aknifeandforkonthetable.A.areB.isseemingtobeC.seemtobeD.seemstobe19.Over80percentofthepopulation___workers.A.willbeB.areC.isD.was20.Thewholeclass___greatlymovedathiswords.A.isB.hadC.wereD.was五、課后練習主謂一致專項練習21.Thewounded___goodcareofherenow.A.istakingB.aretakingC.arebeingtakenD.istaken22.Deer___fasterthandogs.A.willrunB.arerunningC.runsD.run23.Thepolice___aprisoner.A.aresearchedforB.issearchingC.aresearchingforD.issearchingfor24.Itwasreportedthatsix___includingaboy.A.hadkilledB.waskillingC.werekilledD.waskilled25.TheUnitedNations___in1945.A.wasfoundB.wasfoundedC.werefoundedD.werefound26.I,who___yourgoodfriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrows.A.wasB.areC.isD.am27.Betweenthetwobuildings___amonument.A.isstandingB.standingC.standsD.stand28.Layingeggs___theantqueen’sfull-timejob.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is29.Peter,perhapsJohn,___playingwiththelittledog.A.seemsB.wereC.areD.is30.Manyastudent___thatmistakebefore.A.hadmadeB.hasbeenmadeC.havemadeD.hasmade31.TheArabianNights___wellknowntoEnglishlovers.A.isbeingB.areC.wereD.is32.Yournewclothesfityou,butmine___me.A.don’tfitforB.doesn’tfitforC.don’tfitD.doesn’tfit33.Tom’steacherandfriend___MrSmith.A.hasB.arebeingC.isD.are34.Allthatcanbeeaten___eatenup.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.arebeing35.Someperson___callingforyouatthegate.A.willbeB.isbeingC.isD.are36.Oneachsideofthestreet___alotoftrees.AaregrownB.isstandingB.growD.stands37.Thenumberofthepeoplewho___cars___increasing.A.own….areB.own…isC.owns…isD.owns…are38.NooneexceptJackandTom___theanswer.A.areknowsB.isknowingC.knowsD.know39.Nothingbutcars___intheshop.A.aregoingtosellB.weresoldC.aresoldDissold40.Hereisamessageofimportancetoeverymanandeverywomanwho___.A.votesB.voteC.votingD.arevoting41.Politics___oneofthesubjectsthatIstudy.A.areB.isC.wereD.was42.___alreadybeeninterviewed.A.AnumberofapplicantshaveB.AnumberofapplicantshasC.ThenumberofapplicantshaveD.Thenumberofapplicantshas___ismisusedinthesentence.A.AwordortwoB.OneortwowordsC.OneandtwowordsD.Manywords44.There___pricelessjewelleryondisplayattheexhibitionhall.A.areB.haveC.isD.hasIamtheonewho___wrong.A.amB.isC.areD.havebeen46.Eachofthefootballers___over150pounds.A.weighB.weighsC.weightsD.wereweighing47.Thereis___rice.A.fewB.afewC.manyD.agreatdeal48.Halfofthematerial___away.A.hasbeentakenB.aretakenC.havebeentakenD.weretaken49.Themanagerorhisassistant___planningtogo.A.wasB.wereC.beD.will50.There___inthisroom.A.aretoomanyfurnituresB.aretoomuchfurnitureC.aretoomuchfurnituresD.istoomuchfurniture51.Hisbrotherratherthanhisparents___.A.aretobeblamedB.istoblameC.aretoblameD.istobeblamed.52.Whatcausedtheaccidentandwhowasresponsibleforit___amysterytous.A.hasbeenremainedB.havebeenremainedC.remainD.remains53.Toknowmerelythemainfacts___enough.A.areB.beC.beingD.is54.Wateringtheflowersandlookingafterthechildren___allIhavetodoeveryday.A.areB.isC.wasD.were55.Eachboyandeachgirl___anewbook.A.havegoneB.hasgoneC.havegotD.hasgot56.AmericanandDutchbeer___bothmuchlighterthanBritish.A.areB.isC.wereD.was57.ItisnotIbutyouwho___thefirsttoruntothegoalinthatcompetition.A.isB.wasC.areD.isgoingto58.Everymeans___beentriedsincethen.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is59.Oneandahalfbananas___onthetable.A.areleftB.isleftC.haveleftD.hasleft60.There___inthisroom.A.aretoomanyroomsB.aretoomuchroomC..areplentyofroomsD.isplentyofroom.61.Neitherofthem______goingtothecinema.Bothofthem_____goingtothecinema.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;wasD.are;is62.Allbutone_____herejustnow.AllthatIwanttosay____this.A.was;wereB.was;isc.were;isD.were;were63.Anumberofstudents____goneforanouting.Thenumberofthestudents______increasingyear.A.have;hasB.is;haveC.has;haveD.have;is64.Someoftheoranges______turnedbad.Someofthemilk_______turnedsour(酸).A.have;hasB.have;haveC.has;haveD.have;is65.Eachstudent-____gotanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Thestudentseach______adictionary.A.have;hasB.has;haveC.have;haveD.has;has66.There_____apen,aninkbottle,andsomebooksonit.There________somebowls,platesandaspoononit.A.is;areB.are;areC.are;isD.is;is67.Eitherthejudgeorthelawvers_____wrong.Eitheryouorhe_______toblame.A.is;areB.are;isC.are;areD.is;is68.Hisfamily______allverywell.Hisfamily_______a“fivegood”one.A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are69.Mybluetrousers______wornout.Onepairoftrousers______notenough.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;isOurLeaguesecretaryandmonitor______theleadineverything.OurLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor______goodfriends.A.take;areB.take;isC.takes;isD.takes;areThegirlaswellashisparents_______abike.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheprofessor______surprisedatMary’sanswer.A.have;wasB.have;wereC.has;wasD.has;were72.Who_____thegirlsinginginthenextroom?Who_____thesepeopleoverthere?A.are;areB.are;isC.is;areD.is;is73.Mostofthestudents_____boys.Mostofhismoney_____spentonbooks.A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are74.Thepoliceman______standingatthestreetcorner.Thepolice_____searchingforhim.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is75.Theglasses______mine.Thatpairofglasses_____mybrother’s.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is76.Thenewsatsixo’clock_____nottrue.Thosepiecesofnews____tobebroadcasted.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is77.GrandpaWangandhistwograndsons______takingawalkintheparknow.GrandpaWang,togetherwithhistwograndsons,__takingawalkintheparknow.A.are;areB.is;areC.is;isD.are;is78.NoonebutJane______thesecret.NobodybutMaryandI___intheclassroomatthattime.A.

know;wasB