2025年大學(xué)《塞蘇陀語》專業(yè)題庫——塞蘇陀語中的句法復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)分析考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、句子分析題1.ConsiderthefollowingSetswanasentence:`Mot?oookgothagosephirisapelesakgwebo.`(Theboywhoatetheappleyesterdaymorningboughtthecar.)Provideadetailedsyntacticanalysisofthissentence.Youranalysisshouldinclude:(a)Identifyingandlabelingallmajorsentencecomponents(e.g.,Subject,Predicate,Object).(b)Identifyingandlabelingallsubordinateclauses,indicatingtheirtype(NounClause,AdjectiveClause,AdverbialClause)andfunctionwithinthemainsentence.(c)Identifyinganddescribingthegrammaticalrelationshipsbetweenmodifiers(adjectives,adverbs,etc.)andthenounsorverbstheymodify.(d)Brieflyexplainingtheroleofkeygrammaticalelementslike`o`and`sa`inmarkingthestructure.2.AnalyzethefollowingSetswanasentencefromasyntacticperspective:`Kgetlhokannekekilekwakgolegokgolo.`(Theadviceoftheoldwomanwastogotothebighospital.)(a)Breakdownthesentenceintoitsconstituentpartsandidentifythecoregrammaticalstructure.(b)Explainthefunctionofthenounphrase`Kgetlhokanne`andhowitrelatestotheverb`kekile`.(c)Discussthestructureandmeaningoftheprepositionalphrase`kwakgolegokgolo`.Whatisitsrelationshiptothemainclause?(d)Identifyanyinstancesofwordordervariationorstructuralemphasisinthesentenceanddiscusstheirpotentialimpactonmeaning.二、選擇題Selectthemostappropriateoptiontocompleteoranswerthefollowingquestions.Chooseonlyoneanswerforeachquestion.3.Inthesentence`Thabothuekwamokorotlaookatisi`,whichclauseisanAdjectiveClause?(a)`Thabothue`(b)`kwamokorotla`(c)`ookatisi`(d)ThereisnoAdjectiveClauseinthesentence.4.Theword`go`inthesentence`Got?wareladipotsammogo`primarilyfunctionsas:(a)Anoun(b)Anadjective(c)Aconjunction(d)Anadverb5.WhichofthefollowingsentencesdemonstratesSubjectSplittinginSetswana?(a)`Kennamot?warelo.`(Iamastudent.)(b)`Keithutagokoma.`(Hegoesbecausehewants.)(c)`Okile.`(Itis.)(d)`Mot?oookgothago.`(Theboywhoate.)6.Ifthesentence`Okgelelaleinalakgosi`(Hekissedtheking'sname)werechangedto`Okgelelaleinakgosi`,themeaningwouldmostlikelyshifttoindicate:(a)Kissingadifferentpersonnamedkgosi.(b)Kissingthenameinsteadoftheking.(c)Kissingthekinghimself.(d)Kissinganamethatbelongstotheking.三、改錯題Identifythegrammaticalerror(s)ineachofthefollowingSetswanasentencesandprovideacorrectedversion.Explainthereasonfortheerrorandthecorrectionmade.7.`Sekgolosasekgolodiresasephirisakgolegosesedirile.`(Thebighouseowner'schildren'sschoolteachertaught.)*Error(s):_________________________________________________________*Correction:_________________________________________________________*Explanation:_________________________________________________________8.`Keithutagoit?warela.`(Igotobecomeastudent.)*Error(s):_________________________________________________________*Correction:_________________________________________________________*Explanation:_________________________________________________________四、翻譯題TranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintocorrectandnaturalSetswana,ensuringappropriateuseofcomplexsentencestructureswhereindicated.9.Theman,wholivesnextdoorandwhosegardenisfullofflowers,isknownforhisgardeningskills.*Setswana:_______________________________________________________________________________10.Althoughitwasrainingheavily,theydecidedtogoforawalkbecausetheyneededsomefreshair.*Setswana:_______________________________________________________________________________五、句子構(gòu)建題ConstructaSetswanasentenceofatleast10wordsthatincludesthefollowingelements:anounclauseactingastheobjectoftheverb,anadverbialclauseofplace,andatleastonerelativeclausemodifyinganounphrase.*Setswana:_______________________________________________________________________________---試卷答案一、句子分析題1.(a)*Subject:`Mot?o`(theboy)*AdjectiveClause:`ookgothagosephirisapele`(whoatetheappleyesterdaymorning)*VerbPhrase:`sakgwebo`(boughtthecar)*Predicate:`sakgwebo`*Object:`kgwebo`(thecar)*(Otherpotentialanalysis:MainClause:`Mot?osakgwebo`;SubordinateClause:`ookgothagosephirisapele`modifying`Mot?o`)(b)*AdjectiveClause:`ookgothagosephirisapele`*Function:Modifiesthenoun`Mot?o`(theboy).*Type:AdjectiveClause(describesthenoun`Mot?o`).(c)*`sephiri`:Adjectivemodifying`kgwebo`(apple).Markedwith`sa`indicatingthenominalizerfunction.*`sapele`:Adverbialphrasemodifying`sephiri`(apple).`sa`markstheadverbialnature.*`ookgothago`:Adjectivemodifying`Mot?o`(boy).Markedwith`o`.*`kgothago`:Adverbmodifying`kgothago`(ate).Markedwith`o`.(d)*`o`:Third-personsingularsubjectmarkerattachedtotheheadoftheadjectiveclause(`kgothago`),linkingittothemainclausesubject.*`sa`:Nominalizerprefix,marking`sephiri`asanadjectiveand`pele`asanadverbialphrasewithinthesubordinateclause.Alsopotentiallymarkstheverb`kgothago`ifviewedasintransitiveorpartoftheverbalcomplexinthisstructure.2.(a)*Subject:`Kgetlhokanne`(theoldwoman'sadvice)*VerbPhrase:`kekile`*AdverbialPhrase:`kwakgolegokgolo`*Predicate:`kekile`*Object:`kile`(it,referringtotheadvice)(b)*`Kgetlhokanne`functionsasthesubjectoftheverb`ke`.*Itisanounphrasewhere`Kgetlho`isthenoun,`ka`isagenitivemarkerlinkingitto`nne`(oldwoman),and`nne`isanadjectivemeaning"old".Theentirephrasereferstothe*advicethatbelongstotheoldwoman*.(c)*`kwakgolegokgolo`isaprepositionalphrase.*Structure:Preposition`kwa`+NounPhrase`kgolegokgolo`(bighospital).*Function:Itactsasanadverbialphraseofplace,indicating*where*theactionorsituationdescribedbythemainclause(theadvice)pertainstoorisdirectedtowards.*Thewordorderwiththeprepositionalphraseattheendiscommonwhenitisnon-focal.(d)*Wordordervariation:Theprepositionalphrase`kwakgolegokgolo`appearsattheendofthesentence,ratherthanimmediatelyfollowingtheverbasmightbeexpectedinsomecontexts.*Structuralemphasis:Placingthephraseattheendmightgiveitfocalemphasis,highlightingthedestinationorrecipientoftheadvice.Alternatively,itmightsimplyfollowthestandardwordorderpatternforthistypeofclausestructure.二、選擇題3.(c)`ookatisi`*Analysis:`Thabothuekwamokorotla`isthemainnounphrase.`ookatisi`isarelativeclausemodifying`mokorotla`.*Reasoning:Therelativemarker`o`attachestotheverb`katisi`(ate),indicatingarelativeclause(`who/whichate`).Thisclauseprovidesadditionalinformationabout`mokorotla`.4.(d)Anadverb*Analysis:In`Thabothuekwamokorotlaookatisi`,`go`followsthenoun`mokorotla`andprecedestheverb`katisi`.Itmodifiestheverb`katisi`.*Reasoning:`go`isanadverbialprefixcommonlyusedwithverbstoindicatedirection,purpose,orfutureaction.Itdoesnotfunctionasanoun,adjective,orconjunctioninthisspecificconstruction.5.(b)`Keithutagokoma`(Hegoesbecausehewants.)*Analysis:`Keithuta`isthemainverbphrase.`gokoma`isanadverbialclauseofreasonmodifyingthemainverb.*Reasoning:Theverb`go`markstheclause`koma`(becausehewants)asanadverbialclauseexplainingthereasonfor`ithuta`(going).Thisstructureinvolvessplittingthemainverb`ke`fromitscomplementizer`go`intoseparateclausalpositions,acharacteristicofSubjectSplitting.6.(c)Kissingthekinghimself.*Analysis:`Okgelelaleinalakgosi`usesthefullnounphrase`leinalakgosi`(thenameoftheking).*Reasoning:Changingitto`Okgelelaleinakgosi`removesthedeterminer`la`andthenoun`kgosi`followingthenoun`leina`.Thistypicallyreducesthespecificityofthenounphrase,referringtothecoreconceptorentityratherthanaspecificinstance.Therefore,itshiftsthemeaningfromkissingthe*nameassociatedwith*thekingtokissingtheking*personhimself*.三、改錯題7.*Error(s):Incorrectwordorder/structure,potentialover-lappingofnounphrases.`Sekgolosasekgolodire`and`sasephiri`bothseemtoclaimownershipover`kgolego`.*Correction:`Sekgolosasekgolodiresasephiriakgolegooadirile.`or`Sekgolosasekgolodiresasephirikekgolegooadirile.`*Explanation:Theoriginalstructureisambiguousandgrammaticallyawkward.Acorrectedversionseparatestheownersoftheschool.Option1uses`akgolego`(oftheschool)toclearlylinktheaction(teaching)totheschool,with`oadirile`indicatingtheteacher(whoisthesubject,markedby`o`).Option2usestheverb`ke`followedbythenounphrase`kgolego`asthedirectobjectoftheverb`dirile`(taught),withtheteacheridentifiedbytherelativeclause`oadirile`.Therelativemarker`o`attachesto`dirile`.8.*Error(s):Incorrectuseof`go`withtheverb`ithuta`.`Go`istypicallyusedwiththeverb`kgotha`(tobecome),not`ithuta`(togo).*Correction:`Kekgothagoit?warela.`*Explanation:Theverb`kgotha`means"tobecome".The`go`prefixattachesto`kgotha`toformthefuturetense`kgothago`.Theverb`ithuta`(togo)doesnottypicallytake`go`inthiswaytoformafutureconstruction.Therefore,replacing`ithuta`with`kgotha`andusing`go`correctlyformsagrammaticallysoundfuturetensesentencemeaning"Iwillbecomeastudent".四、翻譯題9.`Mot?ooonaleinalamot?oookatisioosesekgolodire,ookilekwadipotsammogo.`(Themanwholivesnextdoorwhosegardenisfullofflowersisknownforhisgardeningskills.)*Analysis:TheEnglishsentencecontainsamainclauseandanembeddedrelativeclausemodifying"theman".Italsocontainsaprepositionalphraseofplace.*SetswanaConstruction:*Mainclausesubject:`Mot?o`(man)*Relativeclausemodifying"man":`oonaleinalamot?o`(whohasaname/garden).`oo`istherelativemarker.`naleina`means"hasaname/garden".`lamot?o`specifieswhosename/garden.*Relativeclausemodifying"whosegarden":`ookatisioosesekgolodire`(whosegardenisfullofflowers).`oo`istherelativemarker.`katisi`means"isfullof".`oosesekgolodire`means"offlowers".Thestructure`ooXooY`oftenindicatespossessionordescriptionrelatedtotheantecedent.*Prepositionalphraseofplace:`kwadipotsammogo`(inplaceswherepeoplemeet/frequent).*Verbindicating"isknownfor":`ookile`(isknown).10.`Got?wareladipotsammogo,keithutakwagokoma.`(Althoughitwasrainingheavily,IgobecauseIneedsomefreshair.)*Analysis:TheEnglishsentenceisacomplexsentencewithaconcessiveadverbialclauseandamainclause.*SetswanaConstruction:*Concessiveadverbialclauseindicatingdifficulty/contrast:`Got?wareladipotsammogo`.`Go`markstheclauseforcontrast.`t?warela`means"raining".`dipotsammogo`means"placeswherepeoplemeet/frequent"orcanbegeneralizedto"outdoors/wherever".Thisimpliestherainmakesgoingdifficult.*Mainclause: