高三英語閱讀理解(社會文化)解題技巧(超強)及練習(xí)題(含答案)含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解社會文化類1．閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。FantasticFallFestivalsYouWon'tWanttoMiss

SeymourAppleFestival

AdmissiontotheSeymourAppleFestivalisfreeandsoistheentertainment!Morethan15,000peoplefromallovertheregioncomeouttotakepartintheactivities,rangingfromdrawings,vendorbooths,food,applecontests,bike-decoratingcontests,andmore.

MarionvilleAppleFestival

ThepopularMarionvilleAppleFestivalishometocountlessactivitiesandevents.Thecarnival,ponyrides,andgameswillkeepthekidsbusy,whileadultswillenjoywatchingthepie-eatingcontestandbrowsingdozensofcraftvendorbooths.

HumansvilleFallFestival

TheHumansvilleFallFestivalmaybehostedbyasmalltownbutthatdoesn'tmeanit'slackingbigfun.Perfectforallages,thisfallfestivaliscelebratingits70thyearandwillprovidethreefulldaysoffun.Thisyear'sfestivalwillfeaturelivemusicfromfantasticlocalmusicians,whichwilldefinitelymakeitdifferentfromtheonesinotheryears.You'llalsofindfuncarnivalrides,talentedartisanssellingtheirgoods,andanamazingparadetowrapuptheeventonSaturday.

SouthsideFallFestival

TheSouthsideFallFestivalisperfectforfamilycelebrations,withanalcohol-freeenvironmentandfreeadmission.Enjoyacolorfulparadeandfloatcontest,deliciousfoodvendors,livemusic,karaoke,andmore.

FallIntoArtsFestival

Makesuretobringthekidsalongforthisfestivalthatcelebratesallthingscreative.TheFallIntoArtsFestivalfeaturesahostofkid-friendlyactivitieslikealegobuild,sandart,bubblestations,chalkthesidewalk,ajumphouse,andmore.Parentswillhaveplentytodoaswell,withanexcellentvarietyofartists,festivalfood,aminifilmfestival,andmuchmore.（1）Whichfestivalsarefreeofcharge?A.

SouthsideFallFestivalandFallIntoArtsFestival.B.

SeymourAppleFestivalandSouthsideFallFestival.C.

HumansvilleFallFestivalandFallIntoArtsFestival.D.

SeymourAppleFestivalandMarionvilleAppleFestival.（2）WhatmakesHumansvilleFallFestivalspecialthisyear?A.

FunactivitiesonSaturday.B.

Thedurationofthefestival.C.

Theareaofthehostingtown.D.

Musicians'liveperformance.（3）FallIntoArtsFestivalisspeciallywelcomedby________.A.

movielovers

B.

modernartists

C.

visitorsofallages

D.

familieswithkids【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了幾個秋季的節(jié)日。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)SeymourAppleFestival部分中的“AdmissiontotheSeymourAppleFestivalisfreeandsoistheentertainment!”可知，西摩蘋果節(jié)的門票是免費的，娛樂也是免費的！和SouthsideFallFestival部分中的“TheSouthsideFallFestivalisperfectforfamilycelebrations,withanalcohol-freeenvironmentandfreeadmission.”可知，此節(jié)日也是免費入場。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)

HumansvilleFallFestival部分中的“Thisyear'sfestivalwillfeaturelivemusicfromfantasticlocalmusicians,whichwilldefinitelymakeitdifferentfromtheonesinotheryears.”可知，今年的音樂節(jié)將以當(dāng)?shù)貎?yōu)秀音樂家的現(xiàn)場音樂為特色，使它有別于往年。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)FallIntoArtsFestival部分中的“Makesuretobringthekidsalongforthisfestivalthatcelebratesallthingscreative.TheFallIntoArtsFestivalfeaturesahostofkid-friendlyactivitieslikealegobuild,sandart,bubblestations,chalkthesidewalk,ajumphouse,andmore.Parentswillhaveplentytodoaswell,withanexcellentvarietyofartists,festivalfood,aminifilmfestival,andmuchmore.”可知，秋季藝術(shù)節(jié)既有許多孩子喜愛的活動，也有為父母準(zhǔn)備的活動，故特別受到有孩子的家庭的歡迎。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Althoughnotasmuchasinthepast,grandparentsaretheteachersoftheNavajo(納瓦霍人)youth.Theymakeyoungpeopleawareoflifeatanearlyage.Theparentsgrantthemtheprivilegeofteachingthechildren,andthegrandparentstakegreatprideinraisingthechildrenoratleasthavingabigpartinraisingthem.

Youngchildrenoftenstaywiththeirgrandparentsforyearsatatimedevelopingacloseandtrustingrelationship.ThegrandparentsteachthechildrenNavajolegendsandtheprincipleoflife,emphasizingbothnewculturetrendsandthepreservationoftraditions.

Thegrandparentsarealsooftentheleadingfiguresinteachingtheyouththeartsofweaving,caringforthelivestock,usingherbalmedicine,andotherartsandcrafts.

Thechildrenaretaughttorespecttheirelders,tocareforthem,tohelpthemwhenevertheyareinneed,andtolearnfromthem.Youngpeopleareurgedtolistenwithcaretothewordsoftheireldersandtokeepasmuchwisdomaspossible.Grandparentsoftengotosocialgatheringsandtraditionalevents,andtheyounghaveopportunitiestolearnmoreabouttheircultureandtraditions.

Ilivewithmygrandmotherforthirteenyears,andsheraisedmeintheoldwaysofourpeople.AlthoughIwasgoingtoschool,shetaughtmeasmuchasshecouldaboutourtraditions.Shewasabeautifulwoman.IfIhadachance,Iwouldlistenagaintoherwiseteachings,expressedwithkindnessinasoftvoicethattouchedmyheart.

Weusedtoplantcornandpumpkineverysummer.Theynevergrewbigenoughtofeedus,butweplantedthemanyway.Iaskedmygrandmotherwhy.Shesaid,"Grandson,ourplantswillbefarmorebeautifulthantheflowersoutsidethefence."IdidnotunderstanduntilonedayIsawtheirbeautyasIwascomingoverthehillwithher.Shesaid,"Anythingthatisapartofyouisalwaysfarmorebeautifulthanthethingswhichyoupassby."Wehadsomebeautifulyearstogether.IamgladsheisapartofmeandIamapartofher.

Childrenusedtobewelldisciplined,possessingmorerespectforculture,tradition,andbeliefsthantheydonow.TheworldoftheNavajohasbeeninfluencedbythewesternworld,andthegrandparentshavelesscontrolandinfluencethantheyusedto.Buttheyoungpeoplewhohavebeentouchedbytheirteachingshaveglimpsedawayoflifebeyondwhatmostpeopleknowtoday.（1）WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.

Parentshatetotakethetroubletoraisechildren.B.

SchoolsarenotverypopularwiththeNavajoyouth.C.

Grandparentsareusuallyunwillingtoteachtheirgrandchildren.D.

Childrenlearnaboutthemeaningoflifefromtheirgrandchildren.（2）Whydidtheauthor'sgrandmotherplantcornandpumpkin?A.

Becauseshehatedwildflowers.B.

Becausesheneededtofeedherfamily.C.

Becauseshetriedtomakeherfencemorebeautiful.D.

Becauseshewantedhergrandsontolearnalifelesson.（3）What'stheauthor'sopinionaccordingtothepassage?A.

Grandparentsarethesourceoftraditionalculture.B.

Hisgrandmother'steachingcouldreplaceschooling.C.

ThewesternworldishardlyinfluencedbytheNavajos.D.

Itisimpossibletogetgrandparentsinvolvedinteachingagain.（4）What'sthepurposeofthearticle?A.

Tohonortheauthor'sgrandmother.B.

TosharewithreadersaNavajoculture.C.

ToemphasizethegreatnessofNavajo.D.

TointroducethedevelopmentofNavajotribes.【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，作者介紹了納瓦霍人的一種文化：由祖父母來教育孫子輩，讓他們學(xué)到生活中的道理。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"grandparentsaretheteachersoftheNavajo(納瓦霍人)youth.Theymakeyoungpeopleawareoflifeatanearlyage."可知，祖父母們是年輕人的老師，使年輕人在很小的時候就認(rèn)識生活。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第六段中的"Grandson,ourplantswillbefarmorebeautifulthantheflowersoutsidethefence."以及"Anythingthatisapartofyouisalwaysfarmorebeautifulthanthethingswhichyoupassby."可知，祖母種植玉米和南瓜是為了讓作者明白一個生活的道理：任何屬于你的東西，總是比你路過的東西更美。從而推斷出祖母是想讓她的孫子學(xué)到人生的一課。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。第一段提出“納瓦霍人的孫子輩主要由祖父母來教育，他們在撫養(yǎng)孩子方面起了很大的作用”，接著對此進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹。最后一段“那些被他們的祖父母教導(dǎo)所感動的年輕人，已經(jīng)發(fā)找到了一種大多數(shù)人今天所不知道的生活方式”。由此可推斷出本文主要介紹了納瓦霍人的一種文化：由祖父母們教育孫子輩，讓他們認(rèn)識生活，學(xué)到其中的道理。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的"grandparentsaretheteachersoftheNavajo(納瓦霍人)youth.Theymakeyoungpeopleawareoflifeatanearlyage."納瓦霍人的祖父母們成為年輕一代人的老師，在教育孫子輩起著重要的作用。是主旨句，接著下文較為詳細(xì)地介紹了納瓦霍人的這種文化。由此可推斷出作者是與讀者分享一種納瓦霍人的文化。由選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

It'snotunusualtoseeanunreasonablechildlyingonthegrounddrumminghisheels.Besidehimisadesperatemotheryellingatthetopofherlungs.Raisingawell-behavedkidisreallyahead-scratchingthing.

Ifyoutookalltheparentingstylesaroundtheworldandrankedthembytheirgentleness,theInuit(因紐特人)approachwouldcertainlyranknearthetop.Allthemomsmentiononegoldenrole:Don'tshoutoryellatsmallchildren.Inuit'sno-yellingpolicyistheircentralcomponenttoraisingcool-headedkids.Thecultureviewsscolding,orevenspeakingtochildreninallangryvoice,asinappropriate,althoughlittlekidsarepushingparents'buttons.

Playful"storytelling"isanothertricktosculptingkids'behavior.Butthisstorytellingdiffershugelyfromthosefairytalesfullofmorallessons.Parents"retell"whathappenedwhenaboythrewatantrum(發(fā)脾氣)bywayofwhatShakespearewouldunderstandalltoowell:puttingona"drama".Afterthechildhascalmeddown,theparentswillreviewwhathappenedwhenthechildmisbehaved,usuallystartingwithaquestion:"Canyoushowushowtothrowatantrum?"Thenthechildhastothinkwhatheshoulddo.Ifhetakesthebaitandperformstheaction,themomwillaskafollow-upquestionwithaplayfultone.Forexample:"Doesthatseemright?"or"Areyouababy?"Sheisgettingacrosstheideathat"bigboys"won'tthrowatantrum.

Kids'brainsarestilldevelopingthecircuitryneededforself-control.Whatyoudoinresponsetoyourchildren'semotionsshapestheirbrains.Sonexttime,seeingyourboymisbehave,tryusingtheInuit'sstorytellingapproach.Anddon'tforgettokeepcool.Afterall,boyswillbeboys.（1）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"pushingparents'buttons"underlinedinParagraph2?A.

Talkingwithparents.

B.

Playingwithparents'buttons.C.

Exposingparents'faults.

D.

Makingparentsannoyed.（2）WhatdoweknowaboutInuit's"storytelling"?A.

Itaimsatplayingatrickonkids.

B.

Itraiseskids'awarenessofmorality.C.

Itcomesafterachildmisbehaves.

D.

ItanalyzesShakespeare'sdramas.（3）What'stheauthor'sattitudetochildren'smisbehavior?A.

Cautious

B.

Tolerant

C.

Uncaring

D.

Skeptical（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.

Inuit'sapproachtoparenting.

B.

Valuesofreadingliteraryworks.C.

Causesofchildren'smisbehavior.

D.

Parents'responsesto"storytelling".【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，因紐特人教育孩子的方式最溫柔，介紹了因紐特人教育孩子的黃金規(guī)則“不對小孩叫喊”以及他們塑造孩子行為的一種方式“講故事”，讓我們時刻記住孩子做錯事的時候要保持冷靜。（1）考查詞義猜測。劃線詞組所在句子為讓步狀語從句，"although（即使）"前后句是相反關(guān)系。句意為：這種文化認(rèn)為訓(xùn)斥孩子，或者以生氣的口吻對孩子說話都是不合適的，即使小孩子讓家長生氣的時候也是這樣。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的"Parents"retell"whathappenedwhenaboythrewatantrum(發(fā)脾氣)bywayof…"可知，家長講述的是小男孩發(fā)脾氣時所發(fā)生的事情。也就是說故事內(nèi)容就是小孩子做錯的事情。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Anddon'tforgettokeepcool.Afterall,boyswillbeboys.不要忘記保持冷靜。畢竟，孩子就是孩子。"可知，作者認(rèn)為小孩子犯錯時，家長要寬容孩子的錯誤，不能對孩子要求太高。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。文章主要通過講述因紐特人溫柔地教育孩子的方式，讓我們對如何教育孩子有所啟發(fā)。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解Welcometothe2017UKFestivalAwards

TheUKFestivalAwards&Conferenceisanopportunitytorecognizethehardwork,visionandcreativityofthenation'sbelovedfestivalindustry.

Throughoutthedayoftheevent,theConferenceinvitesnumerousindustryinsiders(行家)todiscusstheissuesmostrelativetothesector,reviewingitsimmediatepastandportendingtothefuture.Theevening'sAwardspresentawiderangeofhonorsacrosscategoriesthataredecidedviaacombinationofpublicvotingandprofessionaljudgments.Sincelaunchingin2004ithasevolvedintoamajoreventatTheRoundhouseinLondon,givingtheindustryachancetocollectivelycelebrateandfondlyreflectupontheachievementsofthepastyear.

Withagourmetdinner,galaawardsceremonyandafter-showparty,itattractsover1,000ofthemostinfluentialpeopleinthebusiness.

Alongwithitssisterevents,theUKFestivalConferenceandtheEuropeanFestivalAwards,TheUKFestivalAwards&ConferenceisownedandproducedbyFestivalAwardsLtd,anindependentcompanyfoundedintheUK.

AwardsincludeBestMajor,Medium-SizedandSmallFestival,BestFamilyFestival,BestOverseasFestival,BestUseofNewTechnology,andofcourse–BestToilets.

Asthefestivalseasonisapproaching,wethoughtit'dbeagoodtimetoreleaseourfreeUKFestivalMarketReportfor2015/2016.Wegatheredthedatainourannualcensus(人口普查)

undertakeninthepreparationstageforlastyear'sUKFestivalAwards.ThelatestUKFestivalMarketReportcanbedownloadedbelow.

IncludedintheReportisabunchofrelatedinformationaboutfestivalgoers:wherethey'refrom,howtheyliketopurchasemusic,whattheyeat,theirattitudestowardsticketprices,howreceptivetheyaretodifferentformsofadvertising,whytheygotofestivalsinthefirstplace,wheretheysleep,andmuchmore.

Wehopeyoufindtheinformationuseful.（1）Whichphraseistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“portending”inparagraph2?A.

gettingdown

B.

addingup

C.

givingway

D.

lookingforward（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.

AnannualcensusisconductedandreleasedintheFestivalB.

TheFestivalAwardsLtd,isresponsiblefornotlessthanthreeevents.C.

Thegalaawardsceremonyattractsonly1.000influentialbusinessmen.D.

Publicvotingplaysaleadingroleindecidingavarietyoffestivalhonors.（3）Wheremostprobablywillyouseethispassage?A.

Inamagazine.

B.

Inanewspaper.

C.

Onawebsite.

D.

InaTVprogram.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了the2017UKFestivalAwards。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Throughoutthedayoftheevent,theConferenceinvitesnumerousindustryinsiders(行家)todiscusstheissuesmostrelativetothesector,reviewingitsimmediatepastandportendingtothefuture.”在活動的當(dāng)天，會議邀請了許多業(yè)內(nèi)人士來討論與該行業(yè)相關(guān)的最重要的問題，回顧其過去的過去，并展望未來。根據(jù)reviewingitsimmediatepast和tothefuture.可知劃線詞的意思是“展望未來”，故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段“Alongwithitssisterevents,theUKFestivalConferenceandtheEuropeanFestivalAwards,TheUKFestivalAwards&ConferenceisownedandproducedbyFestivalAwardsLtd,anindependentcompanyfoundedintheUK.”和第五段中的“AwardsincludeBestMajor,Medium-SizedandSmallFestival,BestFamilyFestival,BestOverseasFestival,BestUseofNewTechnology,andofcourse–BestToilets.”可知，TheFestivalAwardsLtd負(fù)責(zé)不少于三項活動。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“ThelatestUKFestivalMarketReportcanbedownloadedbelow.”可知，這篇文章最有可能來自一個網(wǎng)址。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

EntrepreneurandCEOofTeslaandSpaceX,EldonMuskmayhavealittlemoretimeonhishands,ashe'sleavinghispositionontheboardoftheOpenAl,accordingtoablogpost.

ThedepartureislikelytheresultofTesla'smovingintothefieldofArtificialIntelligence(AI)，whichhesaidin2017wouldbethe“bestintheworld”andwouldevenbeableto“predictyourdestination,”Muskwillcontinueto“donateandadvisetheorganization,”O(jiān)penAIsaidinablogpostonFeb.20,addingthat“AsTeslacontinuestobecomemorefocusedonAI,thiswillavoidapotentialfutureconflictforEldon.

MuskandYCombinerCEOSamAltmanco-foundedthenonprofitenterpriseinDecember2015,itsmissionistodevelopsafeartificialgeneralintelligenceandensurethosedevelopmentsaremadepublic.OpenAIresearcherspublishedapaperonthesiteArXiv,org,detailingthepossiblesecurethreatsthatcomewith“malicious”AI.Infact,Muskhasheardthe“evilAI”alarmseveraltimes,OnAug.11，2017,hewarnedthatartificialintelligenceposesabiggerthreattohumanity,andhetoldagatheringofstategovernorsthatthegovernmentneedstoregulateAlbeforerobotsstart“killingpeople.”

Musk'sdeparturefromtheOpenAIboardcouldmeanbigthingsforTesla.AsEtonGoodbye,afinancialreporter,notedonFuturism,themove“couldsignalthatTeslaismoredeeplycommittedtotheirownAIprojectsthanwethought.”Headded,“Thosewhohavehadtheirearstoanyrumors(謠言)thatTeslaisreadytodelivervehiclescapableofLevel5autonomycouldtakethisnewOpenAldevelopmentasasignthatthecompanyisinchingclosertothatunapproachablegoal,”Nocompanyhasreachedthatlevelofautonomy,whichmeansthatadriverlesscarcouldnavigateanyroadunderanyconditionsandthatallthehuman“driver”wouldneedtodoistoinputadestination.（1）WhydoesEldonMuskleavehisposition?A.

TocreatesaferAI.

B.

TobuildpowerfulInternet.C.

Todevelopsocialcommunication.

D.

ToavoidapossibleconflictwithTesla.（2）WhatistheEldonMusk'sattitudetowardstheAI?A.

Ambiguous.

B.

Supportive.

C.

Negative.

D.

Sympathetic.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malicious”inParagraph3mean?A.

Poisonous.

B.

Unpopular.

C.

Advanced.

D.

Traditional.（4）WhatcanweinferfromEtonGoodbye'scomments?A.

Level5autonomyisimpossible.

B.

TherumorsaboutTeslaismeaningless.C.

HehasnoconfidenceinOpenAI.

D.

Level5autonomycouldsethumandriversfree.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了傳奇人物埃隆·馬斯克和他的公司。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“EntrepreneurandCEOofTeslaandSpaceX,EldonMuskmayhavealittlemoretimeonhishands,ashe'sleavinghispositionontheboardoftheOpenAI,accordingtoablogpost.”和第二段中的“addingthat“AsTeslacontinuestobecomemorefocusedonAI,thiswillavoidapotentialfutureconflictforEldon.”可知EldonMusk離開他的職位是為了避免可能和Tesla產(chǎn)生沖突，故D。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Muskwillcontinueto“donateandadvisetheorganization”可推知EldonMusk對于AI的態(tài)度是同情，故選B。(3)考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Infact,Muskhasheardthe‘evilAI’alarmseveraltimes.”可猜測出“malicious”的意思是有害的，故選A。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Nocompanyhasreachedthatlevelofautonomy,whichmeansthatadriverlesscarcouldnavigateanyroadunderanyconditionsandthatallthehuman‘driver’wouldneedtodoistoinputadestination.可推出“Level5autonomy”將會讓人類司機解放，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Takealookatthefollowinglistofnumbers:4,8,5,3,7,9,6.Readthemloud.Nowlookawayandspend20secondsmemorizingtheminorderbeforesayingthemoutloudagain.IfyouspeakEnglish,youhaveabouta50%chanceofrememberingthoseperfectly.IfyouareChinese,though,you'realmostcertaintogetitrighteverytime.Whyisthat?Becausewemosteasilymemorizewhateverwecansayorreadwithinatwo-secondperiod.AndunlikeEnglish,theChineselanguageallowsthemtofitallthosesevennumbersintotwoseconds.

ThatexamplecomesfromStanislasDahaene'sbookTheNumberSense.AsDahaeneexplains:Chinesenumberwordsareremarkablybrief.Mostofthemcanbespokenoutinlessthanone-quarterofasecond(forinstance,4is“si”and7“qi”).TheirEnglishpronunciationsarelonger.ThememorygapbetweenEnglishandChineseapparentlyisentirelyduetothisdifferenceinlength.

Itturnsoutthatthereisalsoabigdifferenceinhownumber-namingsystemsinWesternandAsianlanguagesareconstructed.InEnglish,wesayfourteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteenandnineteen,soonemightexpectthatwewouldalsosayoneteen,twoteen,threeteen,andfiveteen.

Butwedon't.Weuseadifferentform:eleven,twelve,thirteenandfifteen.Fornumbersabove20,weputthe“decade”firstandtheunitnumbersecond(twenty-one,twenty-two),whilefortheteens,wedoittheotherwayaround(fourteen,seventeen,eighteen).ThenumbersysteminEnglishishighlyirregular.NotsoinChina,Japan,andKorea.Theyhavealogicalcountingsystem.Elevenisten-one.Twelveisten-two.Twenty-fouristwo-tens-fourandsoon.

ThatdifferencemeansthatAsianchildrenlearntocountmuchfasterthanAmericanchildren.Four-year-oldChinesechildrencancount,onaverage,to40.Americanchildrenatthatagecancountonlyto15.Bytheageoffive,inotherwords,AmericanchildrenarealreadyayearbehindtheirAsianfriendsinthemostfundamentalofmathskills.

TheregularityoftheirnumbersystemalsomeansthatAsianchildrencanperformbasicfunctions,suchasaddition,farmoreeasily.AskanEnglish-speakingseven-year-oldtoaddthirty-sevenplustwenty-twoinherhead,andshehastochangethewordstonumbers(37+22).Onlythencanshedothemath:2plus7is9and30and20is50,whichmakes59.AskanAsianchildtoaddthree-tens-sevenandtwo-tens-two,andthenthenecessaryequation(等式)isrightthere,inthesentence.Nonumbertranslationisnecessary:it'sfive-tens-nine.

Whenitcomestomath,inotherwords,Asianshaveabuilt-inadvantage.Foryears,studentsfromChina,SouthKorea,andJapan---outperformedtheirWesternclassmatesatmathematics,andthetypicalassumptionisthatithassomethingtodowithakindofAsiantalentformath.ThedifferencesbetweenthenumbersystemsintheEastandtheWestsuggestsomethingverydifferent---thatbeinggoodatmathmayalsoberootedinagroup'sculture.（1）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.

TheAsiannumber-namingsystemhelpsgraspadvancedmathskillsbetter.B.

Westernculturefailtoprovidetheirchildrenwithadequatenumberknowledge.C.

ChildreninWesterncountrieshavetolearnbyheartthelearningthings.D.

Asianchildren'sadvantageinmathmaybesourcedfromtheirculture.（2）WhatmakesaChineseeasiertorememberalistofnumbersthananAmerican?A.

Theirunderstandingofnumbers.

B.

Theirmothertongue.C.

Theirmatheducation.

D.

TheirdifferentIQ.（3）Asianchildrencanreachanswersinbasicmathfunctionsmorequicklybecause____________.A.

theypronouncethenumbersinashorterperiodB.

theypracticemathfromanearlyageC.

theydon'thavetotranslatelanguageintonumbersfirstD.

Americanchildrencanonlycountto15attheageoffour【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文為介紹說明文。文章介紹了東西方數(shù)字系統(tǒng)之間的差異對東西方人數(shù)學(xué)能力的影響，同時也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個非常不同的地方：善于數(shù)學(xué)也可能植根于一個群體的文化中。（1）主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了東西方數(shù)字系統(tǒng)之間的差異對東西方人數(shù)學(xué)能力的影響。同時根據(jù)第三段中的ThenumbersysteminEnglishishighlyirregular.NotsoinChina,Japan,andKorea.Theyhavealogicalcountingsystem.（英語中的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)是高度不規(guī)則的。在中國、日本、韓國則不是這樣的。他們有一個邏輯計數(shù)系統(tǒng)。）及第四段中的ThatdifferencemeansthatAsianchildrenlearntocountmuchfasterthanAmericanchildren.（這種差異意味著亞洲兒童比美國兒童學(xué)的要快得多。）可推知，本文主要探討了亞洲兒童在數(shù)學(xué)方面的優(yōu)勢可能來源于他們的文化的問題。故選D。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Becausewemosteasilymemorizewhateverwecansayorreadwithinatwo-secondperiod.AndunlikeEnglish,theChineselanguageallowsthemtofitallthosesevennumbersintotwoseconds.（因為我們最容易記住我們在一兩秒鐘內(nèi)能說或讀的東西。與英語不同，漢語允許他們把這七個數(shù)字放在兩秒鐘之內(nèi)）可推知，比起美國人，中國人的母語讓中國人更容易記住一列數(shù)字。故選B。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中對亞洲孩子與美國孩子在基本數(shù)學(xué)運算方面的對比可知，亞洲兒童可以更快地在基本數(shù)學(xué)運算中找到答案，是因為他們不必先把語言翻譯成數(shù)字。故選C。7．閱讀理解

ThetheatreinShakespeare'stimewasmuchdifferentthanitistoday.Authorswroteplaysforthemasses,especiallythosewhocouldn'treadorwrite.

ThetheatrechangedalotduringShakespeare'slifetime.Theauthoritiesdidn'tlikeitanddidn'tallowactinginthecityitself:Theythoughtithadabadinfluenceonpeopleandkeptthemfromgoingtochurch.QueenElizabeth,ontheotherhand,lovedactingandhelpedthetheatrebecomepopular.

ThetheatreinShakespeare'stimewasfulloflife.Peopledidnotsitallthetimeanditwasnotquietduringtheperformance.Theaudiencecouldwalkaround,eatanddrinkduringtheplay.

Theaterswereopenarenasorplayhousesthathadroomforuptothreethousandpeople.Therewasalmostnoscenerybecausethedialoguewasthemostimportantpartoftheplay.Colourfulandwell-designedcostumeswereveryimportantandtoldthepeopleaboutthestatusofacharacter.Womenneverperformedinplays,80youngboysplayedfemalecharacters.Theperformancestookplaceintheafternoonbecauseitwastoodarkatnight.

Therewasnostagecrewasthereistoday.Actorshadtodoeverythingthemselves-frommakingcostumestosettingthestage.Playswereorganizedbyactingcompanies.Theyperformedabout6differentplayseachweekbecausetheyneededmoneytosurvive.Theyhadalmostnotimetorehearse(排練).

ThecompaniesinShakespeare'stimehadaranksystem.Thecompanybelongedtoshareholdersandmanagers.Theywereresponsibleforeverythingandgotmostofthemoneywhenthecompanywassuccessful.Sometimestheyevenownedtheirownbuildings.Actorsworkedforthemanagersandaftersometimebecameapermanentmemberofthecompany.Apprentices(學(xué)徒)wereyoungboysandwereallowedtoactinunimportantrole.Theyalsoplayedfemalecharactersinplays.（1）Whywasthetheatrebannedbytheauthorities?A.

Itwasmuchdifferentthanbefore.B.

Theythoughtitaffectedpeoplenegatively.C.

Theythoughtitkeptpeoplegoingtochurch.D.

Thequeendidn'tlikeit.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"arenas"inParagraph4mean?A.

Stages.

B.

Stores.

C.

Companies.

D.

Playgrounds.（3）Whatdoweknowaboutthenactors?A.

Theycoulddrinkduringtheplay.

B.

Womenhadtocross-dressmalecharacters.C.

Theyhadstagecrewtohelpthem.

D.

Theyweretoobusytopractice.（4）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.

TorememberShakespeare.

B.

ToshowhisloveofShakespeare'splays.C.

TointroducetheatersinShakespeare'stime.

D.

Todiscussthecompany'sranksystem.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了莎士比亞時代的戲劇表演的情況以及當(dāng)時演員的狀況。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theauthoritiesdidn'tlikeitanddidn'tallowactinginthecityitself:Theythoughtithadabadinfluenceonpeopleandkeptthemfromgoingtochurch.”可知，當(dāng)權(quán)者不喜歡戲劇，不允許在城市里表演，因為他們認(rèn)為對人們有不好的影響，所以阻止人們?nèi)ソ烫?，故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theaterswereopenarenasorplayhousesthathadroomforuptothreethousandpeople.”可知arenas與playhouses是同義詞，play