第一部分

話題培優(yōu)話題十八

世界與環(huán)境重難點突破表達能力提升核心素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)

世界與環(huán)境（The

world

and

the

environment）下的子話題分別為國家與民族（Countries

and

nationalities）、環(huán)境保護（Environmental

protection）、

人口（Population）。

地球是我們的家園，它與全世界各國的生存與發(fā)展都息息相關(guān)，只有愛護和保護好環(huán)境，地球上的生物才能和諧共生。想要熟悉并自如地表述世界與環(huán)境的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，需要掌握以下知識點。重難點突破011.population

的用法

【觀察】

①

This

country

has

the

fifth

biggest

population

in

the

world.②Fifty

percent

of

the

city's

population

is/are

men.③

What's

the

population

of

China?【探究】population

作名詞，意為“人口；人口數(shù)量”，

作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。當前面有分數(shù)或百分數(shù)等詞修飾時，表示整體中的一部分人，謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。詢問人口數(shù)量要用“What

is

the

population

of…?”。

表示人口

“多”時用big/large,

表示人口“少”時用small?！具\用】單項選擇。（1）The

population

of

China

is

___

than

that

of

America.CA.large

B.small

C.larger

D.smaller用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。（2）The

population

of

that

city___（be）

about

2,000,000.is根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。（3）那是個很大的人口數(shù)量，但比中國的人口數(shù)量小。That

is

a__________________，

but

________

than

that

of

China.big/large

populationsmaller2.not

only…but

also…的用法【觀察】①

This

method

is

not

only

cruel,

but

also

harmful

to

the

environment.②

Not

only

did

he

hear

it,

but

also

he

saw

it.【探究】（1）not

only…but

also…

為并列連詞，在句中常用來連接兩個對等的成分，意為“不但……而且……”。連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和

but

also

后的主語保持一致，即遵循“就近原則”。（2）not

only…but

also…

連接兩個分句，當

not

only

位于句首時，前一個分句常用倒裝句形式來表示強調(diào)，而

but

also

后的分句仍用陳述句語序?！具\用】單項選擇。（1）Not

only

his

parents

but

also

his

brother___

to

the

Summer

Palace.

They

haven't

been

back.DA.have

been

B.have

gone

C.has

been

D.has

gone（2）Not

only

I

but

also

Jane

and

Mary

___

reading

books.

We

go

to

the

library

together

every

weekend.AA.like

B.likes

C.liked

D.will

like（3）Not

only

does

he

___English

correctly,

but

also

he

___

it

fluently.A.

speaks;

speaks

B.

speaks;

speakC.

speak;

speak

D.

speak;

speaksDD3.no

longer

的用法【觀察】Without

a

fin（鰭）,

a

shark

can

no

longer

swim

and

dies

slowly.【探究】no

longer

意為“不再”，可以和

not…any

longer

相互替換使用，主要強調(diào)時間上的“不再”。【拓展】no

more

和

not…any

more

也可表示“不再”的意思，但它們側(cè)重程度和數(shù)量上的“不再”?！具\用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。（1）我姑姑不在這兒居住了。My

aunt

doesn't

live

here

___________.any

longer（2）我不能再等了。I

can__________

wait.no

longer4.辨析turn

on,

turn

off,

turn

up與turn

down【觀察】①

She

always

turns

on

the

TV

as

soon

as

she

gets

home.②

Please

turn

off

the

light

when

you

go

out.③

His

grandpa

is

a

little

deaf,

so

you

need

to

turn

up

the

TV.④

Turn

down

the

radio

please.

Your

mom

is

sleeping.【探究】短語含義turn

on打開（水龍頭、電源等）turn

off關(guān)掉（水龍頭、電源等）turn

up開大，調(diào)高（收音機、電視的音量）turn

down關(guān)小，調(diào)低（收音機、電視的音量）

提示：在這些短語中on、

off、

up、

down均為副詞，代詞做賓語時應(yīng)放在兩詞之間，名詞作賓語時放在兩詞之間或之后皆可?！具\用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。（1）當你離開房間時，關(guān)燈是很有必要的。It's

necessary

for

you

____________________when

you

leave

the

room.to

turn

off

the

lights（2）我聽不見你的聲音，因此我把收音機的聲音調(diào)低了。I

couldn't

hear

your

voice

so

I

____________

the

radio.turned

down（3）如果不用水，你最好關(guān)掉水龍頭。You'd

better

_____________________if

you

don't

use

the

water.turn

off

the

water

tap（4）莉莉非常喜歡這首歌，請把聲音開大。Lily

likes

this

song

very

much.

Please

__________.turn

it

up5.辨析方位介詞in,

to與on【觀察】①

Taiwan

is

in

the

southeast

of

China.②

Japan

lies

to

the

east

of

China.③

Russia

is

on

the

north

of

China.【探究】in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi);

to表示A地在B地范圍之外，即二者之間有距離間隔;

on表示A地與B地接壤、毗鄰。【運用】用in,

to或on填空。（1）Hanzhong

lies

___

the

southwest

of

Shaanxi.（2）Mongolia（蒙古國）is____the

north

of

China.（3）Singapore（新加坡）

lies___the

south

of

China.inonto6.辨析nature,

natural與naturally【觀察】①

He

loves

nature.②

They

ate

natural

food

like

fish

and

vegetables.③

All

of

us

naturally

feel

terrible

when

things

go

wrong.【探究】nature作名詞，意為“大自然；自然界”；

natural作形容詞，意為“自然的；天生的”；naturally作副詞，意為“自然地；順理成章地”。【運用】根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。（1）煤和石油都是自然資源。Coal

and

oil

are

both

_______

resources.natural（2）我們應(yīng)該花更多的時間親近大自然。We

should

spend

more

time

getting

close

to

_______.nature（3）父母自然為兒女擔心。Parents

_________

worry

about

their

children.naturally7.辨析separate與divide【觀察】①

The

river

separates

this

village

from

that

one.②

The

world

is

divided

into

seven

continents.【探究】（1）separate作動詞，意為“分開；分離”，指把原來（連）在一起或靠近的事物分隔開來，分開后的部分具有相對的獨立性，常與介詞from連用。（2）divide作動詞，意為“分開；分散；分割”，指把整體分成若干部分，常與介詞into連用?！具\用】用separate或divide的適當形式填空。（1）This

is

a

big

box

of

apples.

Please

________

the

good

ones

from

the

bad

ones.（2）The

students

are________into

four

groups

to

discuss

the

problem.separatedivided表達能力提升02Ⅰ.補全對話根據(jù)下面對話中的情境，在每個空白處填入一個適當?shù)恼Z句，使對話恢復(fù)完整。A:

Summer

vacation

is

coming.

What

is

your

plan?B:

1.______________.I

am

thinking

about

it.

What

about

you?A:

I'm

going

to

do

some

volunteer

work

in

the

Qinling

Mountains.B:

2.______________________?I

have

no

ideaWhat

will

you

do

thereA:

I'll

pick

up

rubbish

there.

You

know

some

visitors

often

throw

empty

bottles

and

plastic

bags

around

while

they

are

climbing

the

mountains.B:

Oh,

that's

bad

behavior.

3._______________________?A:

Yes,

there

are

many

people

with

me

to

work

there.

Brother

Liu

has

organized

a

volunteer

team

to

pick

up

the

rubbish.

4.________________________.B:

He

drives

you

there?

How

great

he

is!

Can

I

join

you?Is

there

anyone

with

youHe

always

drives

us

thereA:

Of

course.

We

need

more

people

to

join

us

to

protect

the

environment.B:

5.________________________________?A:

At

7:00

this

Saturday

morning.

You

can

just

wait

for

us

at

the

gate

of

the

Sports

Center.B:

OK.

Bye.A:

Bye-bye.When

shall

we

go

there

next

timeⅡ.書面表達

（2023·武威中考）假設(shè)你是李輝。你校英語報“Protect

the

Environment”專欄面向全校學生征集主題海報及宣傳稿，需要用英語向大家宣講環(huán)保的意義及作為中學生應(yīng)怎樣保護環(huán)境。請你根據(jù)以下海報提示，以Save

the

Earth:

Let's

DoOur

Part!為題，用英語給專欄寫一篇稿件。

要求：1.

包括提示中所有的寫作要點；

2.條理清楚，行文連貫，可適當發(fā)揮；

3.稿件中不能出現(xiàn)真實的人名和地名等信息；

4.詞數(shù)：不少于70。（題目和開頭已給出，但不計入總詞數(shù)。）Save

the

Earth:

Let's

Do

Our

Part!

The

earth

is

the

only

home

for

everyone

on

it.

It's

crying

for

our

help

now.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

As

middle

school

students,

we

have

the

power

to

make

a

difference

and

help

save

the

earth!________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

To

protect

the

earth,

we

can

start

by

saving

water,

planting

more

trees,

and

reducing

pollution.

We

can

also

save

animals

and

recycle

whenever

possible.

We

can

also

choose

to

ride

a

bike

instead

of

driving

a

car

to

help

stop

pollution,

and

make

sure

to

always

throw

trash

in

the

proper

bins.

By

doing

our

part,

we

can

make

a

positive

impact

on

the

environment

and

create

a

better

future

for

ourselves

and

generations

to

come.核心素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)03Ⅰ.完形填空

（2022·宜昌中考改編）閱讀下面短文，理解大意，然后從各小題的四個選項中選出一個最佳答案，使短文連貫完整。

Ever

since

“Mother

Nature”

gave

me

life,

I

expected

to

grow

tall

and

big.

As

a

young

.

.1.

.,

I

was

well

protected

in

the

forest.

I

used

to

have

a

good

time

with

my

friends

under

the

blue

sky

and

.

.2.

.

the

river.

Our

only

purpose

was

to

stand

high.

My

pal,

Tim

often

said,

“All

I

ask

for

is

to

be

.

.3.

.

the

whole

day.”

More

than

300

days

passed

and

we

grew

straight.

Until

one

day,

our

first

birthday,

people

came,

moved

us

from

the

.

.4.

.

and

put

us

on

their

trucks.

“I

don't

want

to

go!”

Tim

cried.

After

a

long

journey,

we

arrived

in

a

completely

different

place

with

nothing

green.

Here

we

were

planted

in

a

line.

.

.5.

.

the

wind

blew

strongly,

I

could

not

even

open

my

eyes

to

see

Tim

clearly

beside

me.

So

we

needed

enough

.

.6.

.

to

grow

thicker

and

higher

to

stop

the

wind.

As

time

went

by,

we

finally

.

.7.

.

much

stronger.

I

could

keep

my

eyes

open

in

the

wind!

I

even

found

the

blue

sky

was

back!

This

was

no

longer

a

no-man's-land,

and

hundreds

of

visitors

came

here.

A

man

took

a

picture

of

us

with

his

camera,

“Thank

you.

We

can

enjoy

clear

days

.

.8.

.

worrying

about

sand

storms.”

A

young

girl

jumping

up

and

down

came

over

and

.

.9.

.

me.

“Thank

you,”

she

said.

“It's

you

that

have

turned

the

desert

into

a

green

land!”

Tim

and

I

smiled

at

each

other,

feeling

.

.10.

..

The

sun

was

shining

brightly

in

the

bluer

sky.1.(

)

A.tree

B.fish

C.girl

D.boyA2.(

)

A.in

B.along

C.under

D.onB3.(

)

A.smart

B.happy

C.busy

D.thinB4.(

)

A.beach

B.lake

C.house

D.earthD5.(

)

A.Though

B.Unless

C.Because

D.UntilC6.(

)

A.desert

B.wind

C.sand

D.waterD7.(

)

A.became

B.smelt

C.sounded

D.remainedA8.(

)

A.from

B.about

C.without

D.ofC9.(

)

A.asked

B.hugged

C.invited

D.kickedB10.(

)

A.tired

B.bored

C.proud

D.surprisedCⅡ.閱讀理解第一節(jié)：閱讀下面兩篇短文，從所給的四個選項中選出能回答所提問題或完成所給句子的一個最佳答案。（A）（2023·安徽中考）

There

are

about

8,000

million

people

living

on

our

planet,

but

some

of

them

don't

have

enough

food.

Last

year,

more

than

820

million

people

suffered

from

hunger.

That's

sad.

What's

more,

it

shouldn't

be

a

problem

since

the

world

wastes

about

930

million

tons

of

food

each

year.

XYZ

Food

Bank

is

working

to

help

fix

the

problem.

Now,

you

can,

too!

Just

drop

off

some

food

so

that

we

can

continue

to

feed

the

needy.

We

accept:

Canned

food

Biscuits

Rice

Boxed

juice

Noodles

Candy

＊No

opened

food.

＊No

expired（過期的）food.

＊No

food

that

needs

to

be

in

a

fridge.

Come

and

offer

your

help!

Every

little

bit

makes

a

difference.

Email

us

at

stophunger

@

xyzfoodbank.

com.1.How

many

people

suffered

from

hunger

last

year?(

)

AA.Over

820

million.

B.About

930

million.C.Over

7,180

million.

D.About

8,000

million.2.Which

of

the

following

can

you

drop

off

at

XYZ

Food

Bank?(

)

BA.Ice

cream.

B.Canned

food.

C.Expired

food.

D.Opened

food.3.What's

the

purpose

of

the

text?(

)

CA.To

introduce

a

traditional

bank.

B.To

present

some

world

problems.C.To

ask

people

to

give

away

food.

D.To

tell

people

to

protect

the

earth.（B）（2023·溫州中考）______________________________________________________________________________________________________E-waste

Electronic

waste

（e-waste）

comes

from

computers,

cameras,

phones,

fridges,

TVs

and

so

on._____________________________________________________________________________________________How

much

e-waste

has

been

produced?_____________________

There

is

too

much

e-waste

on

the

earth.

In

the

past

ten

years,

506.5

Mt

of

e-waste

has

been

produced.

That

is

as

heavy

as

about

50,149

Eiffel

Towers.續(xù)表What

can

we

do

with

e-waste?

E-waste

is

harmful

to

the

environment.

Repeat

the

three

words

in

our

life:

reduce,

reuse

and

recycle.

Here

are

some

examples.

◆Quadloop

created

solar

lanterns

with

e-waste.

◆Junichi

Kawanishi

turned

about

79,000

tons

of

e-waste

into

medals.續(xù)表

◆Mixed

Reality

Lab

designed

educational

toys

with

e-waste

for

poor

kids.

◆Alex

Lin

recycled

about

136

tons

of

broken

computers

into

ones

that

can

be

used

again.續(xù)表1.In

2022,

how

much

e-waste

was

produced

in

the

world?(

)

AA.59.4

Mt.

B.53.6

Mt.

C.48.2

Mt.

D.39.8

Mt.2.What

did

Alex

Lin

do

with

e-waste?(

)

DA.He

made

medals.

B.He

created

lanterns.C.He

designed

toys.

D.He

recycled

computers.3.In

which

part

of

a

website

can

we

read

the

page?(

)

DA.Food.

B.Health.

C.Travel.

D.Environment.第二節(jié)：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（C）（2023·廣州中考改編）

Years

ago,

green

was

simply

a

color.

Now

it's

much

more!

In

the

1970s,

some

people

began

to

worry

about

what

we

did

to

mother

Earth.

1.___

It

is

a

big

idea

that

touches

governments

all

over

the

world,

and

a

small

idea

that

touches

us

all

in

our

homes.B

Architects

（建筑師）

and

building

engineers

are

thinking

about

how

to

make

buildings

greener.

These

days,

green

architecture

is

becoming

more

and

more

popular.

2.___

We

need

to

be

very

careful

about

the

materials

（材料）

we

use.

It

is

better

to

choose

renewable

materials—those

that

the

Earth

replaces

quickly.

3.___

Also,

for

those

materials

that

are

not

renewable,

we

need

to

use

them

as

little

as

possible.

Our

mother

Earth

has

offered

us

many

other

possibilities,

such

as

wind

and

solar

power.DA

Planners

must

think

about

the

needs

of

those

who

will

spend

time

in

green

buildings.

In

many

cases,

green

energy

is

more

comfortable

for

people.

4.___

Natural

lighting

is

often

kinder

to

the

eyes

than

electric

lighting.

In

fact,

many

people

who

live

or

work

in

green

buildings

report

feeling

happier

and

healthier.F5.___

For

example,

they

might

try

to

use

as

little

land

as

possible.

If

a

building

covers

a

large

area,

there

will

be

less

space

for

plants

and

trees.

They

also

have

to

think

about

cutting

down

waste

and

pollution

while

the

building

work

is

going

on.

Although

green

buildings

are

more

expensive

to

build,

they

are

less

expensive

to

run.GA.

Or

we

can

reuse

some

materials.B.

As

a

result,

green

thinking

was

born.C.

We

can

use

new

materials,too.D.

To

understand

it,

we

have

to

look

at

three

different

areas.E.

That's

why

many

people

like

the

color

green

so

much.F.

For

example,

natural

wind

brings

people

cleaner

and

fresher

air.G.

Architects

must

consider

what

the

building

will

do

to

the

environment.Ⅲ.完成句子：根據(jù)所給漢語意思，用單詞或短語完成下列英文句子。1.（2023·武威中考）“林業(yè)英雄”郭萬剛在過去的四十年里在騰格里沙漠上建起了一道綠色屏障。Guo

Wangang,

the

forestry

hero,

_________

a

green

belt

in

the

Tengger

Desert

over

the

past

40

years.has

built2.據(jù)說電動汽車將會對環(huán)境保護做出寶貴的貢獻。________

that

the

electric

cars

will

make

a

valuable

contribution

to

the

environmental

protection.It's

said3.為了保護環(huán)境，我們應(yīng)該多種樹。____________________

the

environment,

we

should

plant

more

trees.To/In

order

to

protect4.她特別渴望離開城市，回歸自然。She

was

____________________get

away

from

cities

and

go

back

to

nature.very

anxious/eager

to5.環(huán)境問題直接影響人們的生活質(zhì)量。Environmental

problems

directly

______

the

quality

of

people's

lives.affectⅣ.短文填空

（2023·隨州中考改編）用方框中所給單詞的適當形式填空，使短文完整正確。（每個單詞限用一次，每空限填一個單詞。）harm,

China,

study,

trade,

kill,

group,

endanger,

slow,

strong,

theySave

the

Sharks!

Many

have

heard

of

shark

fin

soup.

This

famous

and

expensive

dish

is

especially

popular

in

southern

1.______.

But

do

you

realize

that

you're

2._______

a

whole

shark

each

time

you

enjoy

a

bowl

of

shark

fin

soup?Chinakilling

When

people

catch

sharks,

they

cut

off

3._____

fins

and

throw

the

sharks

back

into

the

ocean.

This

is

not

only

cruel,

but

also

4.________

to

the

environment.

Without

a

fin,

a

shark

can

no

longer

swim

and

5._______

dies.

Sharks

are

at

the

top

of

the

food

chain

in

the

ocean's

ecosystem.

If

their

numbers

drop

too

low,

it

will

bring

danger

to

all

ocean

life.

Many

believe

that

sharks

can

never

be

6.___________

because

they

are

the

7._________

in

their

food

chain.

But

in

fact,

around

70

million

sharks

are

caught

and

8._______

in

this

industry

every

year.

The

numbers

of

some

kinds

of

sharks

have

fallen

by

over

90

percent

in

the

last

20

to

30

years.theirharmfulslowlyendangeredstrongesttraded

Environmental

protection

9._______

around

the

world,

such

as

WildAid

and

the

WWF,

are

teaching

the

public

about

“finning”.

They

have

even

asked

governments

to

develop

laws

to

stop

the

sale

of

shark

fins.

So

far,

no

scientific

10._______

have

shown

that

shark

fins

are

good

for

health,

so

why

eat

them?

Help

save

the

sharks!groupsstudiesⅤ.任務(wù)型閱讀

（2023·福建中考改編）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成下列各題。

In

the

past

nine

years,

Li

Jin,

who

was

born

in

Guangxi

but

raised

in

Sanya,

has

made

great

efforts

to

protect

the

waters

of

Sanya

city

in

Hainan.

He

is

now

spreading

the

knowledge

of

environmental

protection

through

new

media

platforms

（媒體平臺）.

Around

2014,

he

began

doing

volunteer

work

to

clear

rubbish

from

the

beaches

and

officially

registered

（注冊）

as

a

vol