【英語】高三英語試卷分類匯編英語閱讀理解(及答案)含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9500yearsold.AngelaPerriofDurhamUniversity,UK,andhercolleagueshavecarriedoutfreshradiocarbondatingonthetwodogskeletonsthatgavethisdate,discoveredintheprehistoricKostersiteinIllinois,andfoundtheywereevenolder:around10,100yearsold.

AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheyskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.TheStilwellIIdog,whichprobablyresembledasmallEnglishsettler,wasunderwhatseemedtobethefloorofalivingarea.ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.Bythistime,peoplewerealreadymovingintoNorthAmericafromSiberia;thereisevidencesomereachedChile18,500yearsago.Geneticistshavefoundsignsofatleastthreewavesofmigrationoverthefollowingmillennia.Thereisnoevidencethatdomesticdogsaccompaniedthem.“Wedon'tknowifdogswerepartofthefirstwavesofimmigrationtotheAmericas"saysLucJanssensofGhentUniversityinBelgium."Itcouldbeso,butnoarchaeologicalboneshaveyetbeenfound."Itis"overwhelminglyprobable"thatsomeoftheearlysettlersdidbringdogstotheAmericas,buttheymaynothavehad"thetimeorthespiritualcompulsiontoburythem",saysPatShipmanofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.（1）HowoldistheoldestknowndomesticdogintheAmericas7A.

About9500years.

B.

About10,100years.

C.

10,190years.

D.

18,500years.（2）Theunderlinedword"butchered"inthefourthparagraphcouldbereplacedby.A.

killed

B.

bought

C.

trained

D.

raised（3）WhatistheattitudetowardswhentamedogsarrivedintheAmericasinthelastthreeparagraphs?A.

Undoubted.

B.

Unsure.

C.

Indifferent.

D.

Unconfident.（4）Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A.

TheearliestdomesticdogintheAmericas.

B.

ThefirstdogarrivingintheAmericas.C.

HowdogsweredomesticatedintheAmericas.

D.

WhentheoldestdogwasfoundintheAmericas.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了大概一萬年以前就在北美成為人類伙伴的狗的種類。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.”可知，美洲最古老的家犬有10,190年。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheyskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.”研究小組得出的結(jié)論是，這三種狗都是被馴化的，因?yàn)樗鼈兊墓趋朗峭暾?，沒有皮膚的，所以沒有被宰殺作為食物。他們也被仔細(xì)地埋葬了，證據(jù)表明他們是被主人重視的。關(guān)鍵詞buried，可知劃線詞的意思是“殺死”，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.”可知，對到達(dá)美洲的馴服的狗態(tài)度是不確定。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9500yearsold.”可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Generallyspeaking,governmentregulationsnormallybananythingfromsmokinginpublicplacestoparkingincertainzones.ButofficialsintheBraziliantownofBiritibaMirim,70km(45miles)eastofSaoPaulo,havegonefarbeyondthat.Theyplantoprohibitresidentsfromdyingearlybecausethelocalcemetery(墓地)hasreachedfullcapacity.

There'snomoreroomtoburythedead,theycan'tbecremated(火化)andlawsforbidanewcemetery.Sothemayorhasproposedastrangesolution:outlawdeath.MayorRobertoPereirasaysthebillismeantasaprotestagainstfederalregulationsthatprohibitneworexpandedcemeteriesinpreservationareas."Theyhavenottakenlocaldemandsintoconsideration",heclaims.

A2003decree(法令)byBrazil'sNationalEnvironmentCouncilforbidsburialgroundsinprotectedareas.Mr.Pereirawantstobuildanewcemetery,buttheprojecthasbeenstoppedbecause98%ofBiritibaMirimisconsideredasapreservationarea.

BiritibaMirim,atownof28,000inhabitants,notonlywantstoprohibitresidentsfrompassingaway.Thebillalsocallsonpeopletotakecareoftheirhealthinordertoavoiddeath."Ihaven'tgotajob,noramIhealthy.AndnowtheysayIcan'tdie.That'sridiculous,"AmaridodoPrado,anunemployedresidentsaid.

Thecitycouncilisexpectedtovoteontheregulationnextweek."Ofcoursethebillislaughable,illegal,andwillneverbeapproved,"saidGilsonSoaresdeCampos,anassistantofthemayor."Butcanyouthinkofabetterresolutiontopersuadethegovernmenttochangetheenvironmentaldecreethatisprohibitingusfrombuildinganewcemetery?"Thebillstatesthat"offenderswillbeheldresponsiblefortheiracts."However,itdoesnotsaywhatthepunishmentwillbe.（1）WhatisthebilltobeproposedbytheofficialsinBiritibaMirim?A.

Banonbuildinganewcemetery.

B.

Banonparkingincertainzones.C.

Forbiddingburiedgroundsinpreservation.

D.

Prohibitingresidentsfromdyingearly.（2）Whatcanweinferfromthephrase"havegonefarbeyondthat"inthefirstparagraph?A.

TheofficialsinBiritibaMirimhavemadetheseregulations.

B.

TheofficialsinBiritibaMirimhavebeentomanyplacesaroundtheworld.C.

ThebilltobeproposedbyofficialsinBiritibaMirimismuchtoounexpected.

D.

TheofficialsinBiritibaMirimhavebuilttoomanycemeteriesintheirtown.（3）What'stheattitudeofthemayorofBiritibaMirimtowardsthefederalregulations?A.

Hegivesstrongbackingtothem.

B.

Heobjectstothem.C.

Heremainssilentaboutthem.

D.

Heaskstheresidentsforadviceonthem.（4）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.

Thebillhascomeintoeffectbutitdoesn'tstateclearlywhatpunishementstheoffenderswillreceive.

B.

Theresidentsofthetownsinghighpraiseforthebill.C.

Thegovernmentisgoingtochangetheunreasonaleandlaughabledecree.

D.

Nobetterresolutionoftheproblemshasbeenthoughtout.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，由于墓地短缺，巴西城市BiritibaMirim的官員草擬了一份不準(zhǔn)人過早的死去的法案，這引起了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦臓幷?。?）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theyplantoprohibitresidentsfromdyingearlybecausethelocalcemetery(墓地)hasreachedfullcapacity.”可知BiritibaMirim的官員們計(jì)劃制定法律不允許人們過早死亡，主要是因?yàn)闆]有再多的墓地了。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“Generallyspeaking,governmentregulationsnormallybananythingfromsmokinginpublicplacestoparkingincertainzones.”可知政府會禁止人們在公共場所抽煙或在某些特定地點(diǎn)停車，但是巴西BiritibaMirim的官員的建議卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止于此，根據(jù)第一段中的“Theyplantoprohibitresidentsfromdyingearlybecausethelocalcemetery(墓地)hasreachedfullcapacity.”可知BiritibaMirim甚至不允許人們早死，這樣的規(guī)定早已超過人們的想象了。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“MayorRobertoPereirasaysthebillismeantasaprotestagainstfederalregulationsthatprohibitneworexpandedcemeteriesinpreservationareas.”可知市長RobertoPereira說他們制定的這個(gè)法案是反對聯(lián)邦的規(guī)定的。故選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butcanyouthinkofabetterresolutiontopersuadethegovernmenttochangetheenvironmentaldecreethatisprohibitingusfrombuildinganewcemetery?”可知現(xiàn)在沒有更好的方法來解決缺乏墓地的問題。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和詞義猜測兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇新聞報(bào)道，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Expertsnotethatanunhealthylifestylecanputyouatgreatriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.Sodoctorsurgeustoeathealthyfoods,getexercise,stopsmokingandlimitouralcoholintake.Butthereissomethingelseyoucando.Anditisfreeandeasy.Smile!

Dr.Chockalingam,aheartdiseasespecialistinColumbia,adviseshispatientstosmile.Hesaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelpyourheart."Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringchanges.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive."Hesayssmilingisthefirststepinfightingphysicalandemotionalstressanditssometimesharmfuleffectsonhumanhealth.ThisisnotjustNewAgeadvice.Severalstudiessupporthisopinion.

Whenyoufeelstressedorunderpressure,yourbodyreleasesmanynaturalhormones(荷爾蒙)includingadrenalineandcortisol.Adrenalineincreasesyourheartrateandbloodpressure.Cortisolisthebody'smainstresshormone.Itincreasessugarinthebloodstream.Ifyouaretrulyindanger,thesehormonescanhelpyou.Theyarepartofwhatwecallourfight-or-flightresponse.

However,whenwearestressedforalongperiod,thesestresshormonesareever-presentinourbodies.Andthat,medicalresearcherswarn,mayleadtohealthproblems.

Researcherssaytheconnectionbetweenstressandheartdiseaseisstillunclear.However,theyclaimthatwhenpeoplearestressedforlongperiodsoftime,theymayhaveanunhealthylifestyle,whichcanleadtohealthproblems.

Dr.Chockalingamsaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelp.Hetellshispatientstosmile20timesanhour.Tosome,thatmightseemlikealotofsmiling.Orsomemightevenfeelfoolish...smilingforseeminglynoreason.Butasmiledoesnotinvolvedrugs.Itisnotinvasivelikeasurgicaloperation.Itisfreeandithasnobadsideeffects.

"Oncepeoplesmile,theyarerelaxing.Thisrelaxationdirectlylowersbloodpressure,improvessugarlevelsintheblood.Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth."Anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone'shearthealth.（1）WhichofthefollowingagreeswithDr.Chockalingam'sopinion?A.Smilehasthesameeffectsaslaughter.B.Smilecanbeusedtotaketheplaceofmedicine.C.Smileisbetterthananyhealthylifestyletohealth.D.Smilecanmakeourbodyproducebeneficialchemicals.（2）Whatcanweknowaboutthementionedstresshormones?A.Theycanlowerourbloodpressure.B.Theywillsurelyleadtoheartdiseases.C.Theycanbenefituswhenweareindanger.D.Theywillmakeusliveanunhealthylifestyle.（3）WhydoesDr.Chockalingamthinksmilingishelpfultoourhealth?A.Itcanmakeusrelax.B.Itincreasessugarlevels.C.Ithaslittlebadsideeffects.D.Itcanhappenfornoreason.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AThoroughAnalysisoftheCausesofHeartDiseasesB.OneThingYouCanDoRightNowtoHelpYourHeartC.OneThingThatIsCloselyConnectedwithStressHormonesD.TheClearConnectionBetweenUnhealthyLifestylesandHeartDiseases【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，哥倫比亞的心臟病專家Chockalingam博士建議多保持微笑，他認(rèn)為微笑可能是幫助心臟的一種方式。同時(shí)說明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人們感到壓力時(shí)的身體反應(yīng)等情況。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringchanges.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive.”當(dāng)我們微笑時(shí)，大腦的線路會發(fā)生變化。釋放出的化學(xué)物質(zhì)更積極。可知，Chockalingam博士認(rèn)為微笑能使我們的身體產(chǎn)生有益的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ifyouaretrulyindanger,thesehormonescanhelpyou.”如果你真的有危險(xiǎn)，這些荷爾蒙會幫助你?？芍?dāng)我們處于危險(xiǎn)中時(shí)，壓力荷爾蒙可以幫助我們。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth.Anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone'shearthealth.”如果我們微笑，我們就打破了壓力和健康之間的聯(lián)系。而且它可能會為每個(gè)人的心臟健康提供一點(diǎn)額外的保護(hù)。可知，Chockalingam博士認(rèn)為微笑可以使我們放松，從而有利于我們的健康。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“Dr.Chockalingam,aheartdiseasespecialistinColumbia,adviseshispatientstosmile.Hesaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelpyourheart.”哥倫比亞的心臟病專家Chockalingam博士建議他的病人保持微笑。他說，微笑可能是幫助心臟的一種方式。以及結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容主要介紹了微笑能夠讓我們放松進(jìn)而有利于我們的健康，所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以選B。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

You'llbere-directedtoourIrishFestTicketingStore,whichwillfeatureallof2018'sticketingoptions.Buyingonlinewillsaveyouthetimeofwaitinginlineattheticketwindow.Youradmissiontothefestivalincludesallofthemusicalacts,culturalexhibits,children'sactivitiesandmore!Questions?Contactusatinfo@.

DailyWaystoSave

Anyandallactive(現(xiàn)役)militarymemberswillreceivefreeadmissiontothefestival,anyday,withvalidID,plusoneguest,atanygateticketwindowwhereyouwillreceiveyourfreeticket].Thankyouforyourservicetoourcountry.FailteClubVIPExperienceNEW

ExperienceIrishFestinanexclusivesetting!InviteyourfriendsandbeapartoftheFailteClubVIPExperience!YourFailteClubticketincludes2complimentarybeverages(beer,wine,soda,water),anincredibleviewoftheMillerLitestagefromtheUpperDeck,aprivatebarforadditionalbeverages,includingJamesonWhiskeyandprivaterestrooms!

WheelchairaccessibleThursday:$15(Hours5-10pm)Friday:$30(Hours5-12am)

Saturday:$35(Hours2-12am)-SOLDOUTSunday:$30(Hours12-8:30pm)

4-DayVIPPass:$79

GroupTicketSalesInformation

SavesomegreenwithgroupticketsalesavailablethroughJuly31,2018.26-99ticketsare$15each;100+ticketsare$13each.CalltheCelticMKE[IrishFest]Centerat414-476-3378formoreinformation.

NoticeonCounterfeitTickets

MilwaukeeIrishFeststronglyurgesallcustomerstoavoidpurchasingticketsonthestreetfromunauthorizedsources,astheticketsmaybecounterfeit.Foryourownprotection,ticketsshouldonlybepurchasedatMilwaukeeIrishFestticketbooths,ortheMilwaukeeIrishFestCenterinWauwatosa.Counterfeitticketsandticketspurchasedfromunauthorizedsourceswillnotbehonored.（1）Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.

Anyonewhoservedinthearmycanreceivefreeadmissiontothefest.

B.

PeoplecanbuyaFailteClubticketforanyofthefourdaysrightnow.C.

Agroupof30willspend$390ontheirticketsforthefestaltogether.

D.

4-DayVIPPassholdercanhaveanextremelygoodviewofthestage.（2）Theunderlinedword"counterfeit"inthelastpartmostprobablymeans"

".A.

second-hand

B.

false

C.

undated

D.

discounted（3）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.

TopersuadepeopletogotoMilwaukeeIrishFest.

B.

TomakeMilwaukeeIrishFestbetterknown.C.

Toinformpeopleofticketinganddiscounting.

D.

Totalkabouthowthefestivalisorganized.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了美國密爾沃基的愛爾蘭集會的購票信息，涉及到票價(jià)以及多種優(yōu)惠折扣信息。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)DailyWaystoSave部分中的“InviteyourfriendsandbeapartoftheFailteClubVIPExperience!YourFailteClubticketincludes2complimentarybeverages(beer,wine,soda,water),anincredibleviewoftheMillerLitestagefromtheUpperDeck,”可知VIP可以享受beer,wine,soda,water等服務(wù)還可以欣賞很好的風(fēng)景。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)NoticeonCounterfeitTickets部分中的“Foryourownprotection,ticketsshouldonlybepurchasedatMilwaukeeIrishFestticketbooths,ortheMilwaukeeIrishFestCenterinWauwatosa.”可知所有的票都應(yīng)該在正規(guī)的購票點(diǎn)購買，以防買到假票。所以本句“astheticketsmaybecounterfeit”中的counterfeit意為“false”，故選B。（3）考查寫作意圖。本文是一則廣告，介紹了美國密爾沃基的愛爾蘭集會的購票信息，涉及到票價(jià)以及多種優(yōu)惠折扣信息。故選C。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和寫作意圖三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇廣告類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Iwasbornonthe17thofNovember1828,inthevillageofNamPing,whichisaboutfourmilessouthwestofthePortugueseColony(殖民地)ofMacao,andislocatedonPedroIslandlyingwestofMacao,fromwhichitisseparatedbyachannelofhalfamilewide.

Asearlyas1834,anEnglishlady,Mrs.Gutzlaff,wifeofamissionarytoChina,cametoMacao.SupportedbytheLadies'AssociationinLondonforthepromotionoffemaleeducationinIndiaandtheEast,sheimmediatelytookuptheworkofstartingagirls'schoolforChinesegirls,whichwassoonfollowedbytheopeningofaboys'school.

Mrs.Gutzlaff'scomprador(買辦)happenedtocomefrommyvillageandwasactuallymyfather'sfriendandneighbor.ItwasthroughhimthatmyparentsheardaboutMrs.Gutzlaff'sschoolanditwasdoubtlesslythroughhisinfluenceandmeansthatmyfathergotmeadmittedintotheschool.Ithasalwaysbeenamysterytomewhymyparentsshouldputmeintoaforeignschool,insteadofatraditionalConfucianschool,wheremybigbrotherwasplaced.MostcertainlysuchastepwouldhavebeenmoresuitableforChinesepublicopinion,taste,andthewantsofthecountry,thantoallowmetoattendanEnglishschool.Moreover,aChinesebeliefistheonlyavenueinChinathatleadstopoliticalpromotion,influence,powerandwealth.IcanonlyguessthatasforeigncommunicationwithChinawasjustbeginningtogrow,myparentshopedthatitmightbeworthwhiletoputoneoftheirsonstolearningEnglish.Inthiswayhemightbecomeaninterpreterandhaveamoreadvantageouspositiontoenterthebusinessanddiplomaticworld.IamwonderingifthatinfluencedmyparentstoputmeintoMrs.Gutzlaff'sSchool.Astowhatothersequencesithaseventuallybroughtaboutinmylaterlife,theywereentirelyleftinthehandsofGod.（1）HowwastheauthoradmittedtoMrs.Gutzlaff'sschool?A.

Throughhisfather'sfriend'shelp.

B.

Throughhisowneffortstoexams.C.

Throughhisfather'srequest.

D.

ThroughMrs.Gutzlaff'sinfluence.（2）Whydidtheauthor'sparentsputhimintoanEnglishschool？A.

AnEnglishschoolwasmoreinfluential.

B.

ForeigntradewithChinawasdevelopingfast.C.

ItmetwithChinesepublicopinion.

D.

Hecouldbecomeasuccessfulinterpreter.（3）Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhisparents'decisiontoputhimintoanEnglishschool?A.

Itwasskeptical.

B.

Itwasmysterious.

C.

Itwasthoughtful.

D.

Itwaswonderful.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，小時(shí)候父親送作者去英語學(xué)校而不是中文學(xué)校，并分析了具體原因。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Mrs.Gutzlaff'scomprador(買辦)happenedtocomefrommyvillageandwasactuallymyfather'sfriendandneighbor.ItwasthroughhimthatmyparentsheardaboutMrs.Gutzlaff'sschool”可知，作者是通過父親朋友的幫助進(jìn)入到Mrs.Gutzlaff學(xué)校的。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Inthiswayhemightbecomeaninterpreterandhaveamoreadvantageouspositiontoenterthebusinessanddiplomaticworld.”可知父母認(rèn)為我也許會成為一個(gè)很好的翻譯，在做生意外交方面會有優(yōu)勢，所以他們才送我去英語學(xué)校。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ithasalwaysbeenamysterytomewhymyparentsshouldputmeintoaforeignschool,insteadofatraditionalConfucianschool,wheremybigbrotherwasplaced.”可知對于父母送我去英語學(xué)校而不是傳統(tǒng)的中文學(xué)校，我感覺很困惑。故選B。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Sportsarethebaseofmylife,nexttomymotherwhoraisedmewhenmydadleftus.IhavebeenintosportssinceIwassixyearsold.Ihaveknownmanycoachesandheardhundredsoftheirtips,buttheyusuallyfocusedondrillstodevelopmyskillsandreachthenextlevelofplay.

WhenIwasinSeniorTwo,Imetthenewschoolbasketballcoach,BrianPawloski.IthoughtIwascertaintobeselectedfortheschoolteamsinceIhadbeeninittheyearbefore.Ishoweduptothetryoutsandputoutabout90%effortsinceIthoughtI'dmakeitwithnoproblem.Thatwasabigmistake.

BrianPawloskiisthehardest-workingcoachIhaveevermet.Hedidn'texpect100%effort,heexpected200%effort.Oneexample:heoncemadeusdo40suicidedrillsforthe40lay-ups(投籃)wemissedinagame.Somethinkthisiscrazy,butitisn't.Afterthisconditioningpractice,asweweregettingacupofcoldwatertodrink,Isaid,"coach,thatwasthebestpracticeIeverhad."Iwascompletelysincere.Thismanwasandisthepersonwhoinfluencedmemostatmyhighschool.Heexpectsustobeexcellentnotjustonthecourtbutintheclassroom.IfIamnotworkingonbasketball,Iamreadingabookthathethinkswillhelpusbetterunderstandlife'schallenges,includingWooden,Coach,andTheScrewtapeLetters.

InthefirsttwoyearsIslackedoff,notputtingforthmyfullpotential.Now,unlikethecoachesofmyyouth,thismanwasinterestedinhowhedidoffthecourt.HealwaysmadesureIkeptupwithmystudiesandwasabletobetrusted.Icanhonestlysaythatonothercoachhasgivenmesomuchadviceonhowtosucceedinbasketball,butmoreimportantly,inlife.Myschoolisluckytohavesuchagreatpersontoteach,coachandinfluencetheirstudents.Iwillalwaysremembermyhigh-schoolbasketballdaysasoneofthehardesttimesIhaveeverworkedinmylifenotonlyinbasketballbutinmygrowthasanindividual.（1）Differentfromothercoaches,CoachBrian________.A.

concentratedonskilltraining

B.

trainedtheteamtotheedgeofdeathC.

expectedtheteamtodowellintheirstudies

D.

askedtheteamtodomorereadingthantraining（2）Theunderlinedphrase"slackedoff"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A.

paidnoattention

B.

showednointerest

C.

hadlesspassion

D.

madelesseffort（3）Intheauthor'seye,CoachBrianis________.A.

strictandhelpful

B.

hardworkingandhonestC.

skilledandcruel

D.

professionalandserious【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者喜歡籃球，新學(xué)校的籃球教練布萊恩對自己的學(xué)生嚴(yán)格要求，全文敘述了對布萊恩教練的描述以及他和作者之間發(fā)生的事情。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Heexpectsustobeexcellentnotjustonthecourtbutintheclassroom”，他希望我們不僅在運(yùn)動場上而且在教室里要優(yōu)秀。可知選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“notputtingforthmyfullpotential”沒有盡我的全部力量，可知D選項(xiàng)的意思與此句相符，故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)全文對布萊恩教練的描述以及他和作者之間發(fā)生的事情，可知他對自己的學(xué)生很嚴(yán)格要求，但與此同時(shí)，根據(jù)第四段中的“Icanhonestlysaythatnoothercoachhasgivenmesomuchadviceonhowtosucceedinbasketball,butmoreimportantly,inlife，”可充分體現(xiàn)布萊恩教練helpful這一品質(zhì)，故選A?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

TheFrenchDanonecompanyisthelatesttoreplacesomeplasticwaterbottleswithaluminum(鋁)cans.CompetitorslikeCoca-Cola,PepsiCoandNestlehavealsostartedsellingwaterinaluminumcans.

Replacingplasticwaterbottlesthatpollutetheseaswithrecyclablealuminumcansshouldbeaneasywaytohelptheenvironment,right?Maybenot.

Aluminumcansmightresultinlessoceanwaste,andthemetalcontainersalsoarelighterthanglassorplasticbottles,buttheyalsocomewiththeirowncosttotheenvironment.Theproductionofanaluminumcanisestimatedtoreleasetwotimesasmuchcarbondioxideintotheairasaplasticbottle.

"That'sthedilemmayou'regoingtohavetochoosebetween,"saidRubenGriffioen,anofficialatbeermakerHeineken.HesaidhiscompanywasLryingtoreducetheuseofplasticbottles.

BruceKarasofCoca-ColaNorthAmericaagreed.Hesaid,"There'samix.Therearesomethingsthatarenotthatdesirable,butifyouhavefivegoodthingsandonethatisn't,we'llallhavetomakedecisions."Headded,"It'llneverbethatclean.”

Bottledwaterisa19billionindustry.Althoughitsuseofcansisincreasing,expertssaycansareunlikelytocompletelyreplaceplasticbottles.

Aluminumiscostlierthanplasticsocanneddrinksmeanhigherpricesforbuyers.Anothermajorconsiderationisuserconvenience-cansstayopenwhilebottlescanbereclosed.Moreimportantly,thereisonebarriertoendingtheuseofplasticwaterbottles:Theremaynotbeenoughcanstogoaround.Beerandwinemakersarenowalsoincreasinglyusingaluminum.（1）What'stheadvantageofaluminumcans?A.Theyarepollution-free.B.Theyarelighter.C.Theyarecost-effective.D.Theyarelow-carbon.（2）WhatisKaras'sattitudetoreplacingplasticbottleswithaluminumcans?A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.C.NeutralD.Indifferent.（3）Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thewideapplicationofaluminumcans.B.ThepromisingfuturealuminumcansC.Themajoradvantagesofaluminumcans.D.Theunavoidablelimitationsofaluminumcans.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AluminumCansorPlasticBottles?B.ABlessingoraMisfortune?C.HowtoDealwithPlasticBottles?D.WhyDoWeChooseAluminumCans?【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了鋁罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的優(yōu)勢，如鋁罐可能會減少海洋垃圾，金屬容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶輕，但它們也會給環(huán)境帶來代價(jià)，同時(shí)說明了使用鋁罐的一些局限性。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Aluminumcansmightresultinlessoceanwaste,andthemetalcontainersalsoarelighterthanglassorplasticbottles,buttheyalsocomewiththeirowncosttotheenvironment.”鋁罐可能會減少海洋垃圾，金屬容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶輕，但它們也會給環(huán)境帶來代價(jià)，可知鋁罐的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它們更輕。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“BruceKarasofCoca-ColaNorthAmericaagreed.”來自北美可口可樂公司的BruceKaras對此表示贊同，可知Karas對用鋁罐代替塑料瓶持支持態(tài)度。故選A。（3）考查段落大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Moreimportantly,thereisonebarriertoendingtheuseofplasticwaterbottles:Theremaynotbeenoughcanstogoaround.”更重要的

是，停止使用塑料水瓶有一個(gè)障礙：可能沒有足夠的罐子，結(jié)合本段主要說明了鋁罐的造價(jià)高和數(shù)量不夠等一些不可避免的局限性，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“Replacingplasticwaterbottlesthatpollutetheseaswithrecyclablealuminumcansshouldbeaneasywaytohelptheenvironment,right?”用可回收的鋁罐代替污染海洋的塑料水瓶應(yīng)該是一種幫助環(huán)境的簡單方法，對嗎？文章主要說明了鋁罐代替塑料或玻璃瓶的優(yōu)勢，如鋁罐可能會減少海洋垃圾，金屬容器也比玻璃或塑料瓶輕，但它們也會給環(huán)境帶來代價(jià)，文章還說明了使用鋁罐的一些局限性。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷，段落大意和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇生活類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

DaniellaWridewasbrushingherdaughter'slongbrownhairwhenshenoticedthatwitheachcomb,massesofthehairwerecomingout.ThatwasJanuary1,2017.Within20days,seven-year-oldGianessaWride'shairwascompletelygone,andherdoctorsaidthehairwouldnevergrowback.Gianessahadbecomeoneofthe6.8millionAmericanswithalopecia,anauto-immunediseasethatcauseshairloss.

Alopeciaisn'tpainful,butforkidswhosufferfromit,theseverepaincomesfromstandingoutfromthecrowd.Forthemostpart,thestudentsinGianessa'sfirst-gradeclassinSalem,Utah,wereunderstanding.Buttheoccasionaljokesof"Baldy"(禿子)madeherfeellikeanabandonedchild."Ididn'twanthertofeelthatshewasn'tliketheotherkids,"hermothersaid."Itriedcoveringherbaldness,buttheartificialhairwasuncomfortable."

Thencomestheschool'straditional"CrazyHairDay"inApril,agreatjust-for-funcelebrationwhereallthekidsandtheirparentscanexpresstheirwildsidesabit.DaniellaandGianessadecidedthatratherthanhideGianessa'sbaldnessundertheartificialhair,theyw