Unit1CulturalHeritage重點(diǎn)詞匯閱讀單詞——我會(huì)認(rèn)1．heritagen．2．templen．3．relicn．4．cluen．5．cypressn．6．damn．7．committeen．8．fundn．9．documentn．10．republicn．11．a(chǎn)rchaeologistn．12．pyramidn．13．sheetn．14．chiwenn．15．digitaladj.16．imagen．17．caven．18．historicadj.19．quotevt.20．paraphrasen．，vi.&vt.21．comparisonn．22．contrastn．23．identifyvt24．theNile25．Egypt26．Egyptianadj.27．UNESCOabbr.28．Moscow重點(diǎn)單詞——我會(huì)寫1．n．山峰vt.爬上；騎上vi.爬；登上2．a(chǎn)dj.以前的；(兩者中)前者的3．vt.保存；保護(hù)；維持n．保護(hù)區(qū)4．vt.促進(jìn)；提升；推銷；晉級(jí)5．n．應(yīng)用程序；應(yīng)用軟件(application的縮略形式)6．n．平衡；均勻vt.使平衡7．a(chǎn)dj.可能的adv.可能地8．n．部；司；科9．prep.&adv.在(某段時(shí)間、距離或范圍)之內(nèi)10．n．重要議題；爭(zhēng)論的問題vt.宣布；公布11．n．行為；舉止；管理方法vt.組織；安排；帶領(lǐng)12．n．&vt.企圖；試圖；嘗試13．a(chǎn)dj.值得做的；值得花時(shí)間的14．vt.下載n．下載；已下載的數(shù)據(jù)資料15．n．入口；進(jìn)入16．n．過程；進(jìn)程；步驟vt.處理；加工17．a(chǎn)dj.海外的adv.在海外18．n．出口；通道vi.&vt.出去；離去19．n．游行；檢閱vi.游行慶祝；游行示威20．n．鏡子21．n．頂部；屋頂22．n．龍23．vt.&vi.原諒；寬恕vt.對(duì)不起；請(qǐng)?jiān)?4．n．質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；素質(zhì)；特征adj.優(yōu)質(zhì)的；高質(zhì)量的25．a(chǎn)dv.(far的比較級(jí))更遠(yuǎn)；進(jìn)一步26．n．意見；想法；看法27．a(chǎn)dv.永遠(yuǎn)；長(zhǎng)久地詞匯拓展1．creativelyadv.創(chuàng)造性地；有創(chuàng)造力地→adj.創(chuàng)造性的；有創(chuàng)造力的；有創(chuàng)意的→vt.創(chuàng)造→n．創(chuàng)造性；創(chuàng)造力2．promotevt.促進(jìn)；提升；推銷；晉級(jí)→n．提升；推銷；晉級(jí)3．a(chǎn)pplicationn．申請(qǐng)(表)；用途；運(yùn)用；應(yīng)用(程序)→vt.&vi.申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用→n．申請(qǐng)人4．proposaln．提議；建議→vt.提議；建議5．establishvt.建立；創(chuàng)立→n．建立；創(chuàng)立6．limitn．限度；限制vt.限制；限定→adj.有限的；受限制的→adj.無(wú)限的；無(wú)盡的7．preventvt.阻止；阻礙；阻撓→n．防止；預(yù)防→adj.預(yù)防性的；防備的8．lossn．喪失；損失→vt.丟失→adj.迷路的；失去的9．contributionn．捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐贈(zèng)→vi.&vt.捐獻(xiàn)；捐助10．donatevt.(尤指向慈善機(jī)構(gòu))捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送；獻(xiàn)(血)→n．捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送→n．捐贈(zèng)者；捐贈(zèng)人11．disappearvi.消失；滅絕；消亡→n．消失；滅絕→(反義詞)vi.出現(xiàn)→appearancen．出現(xiàn)；外表12．professionaladj.專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的n．專業(yè)人員；職業(yè)選手→n．專業(yè)；職業(yè)→n．教授13．traditionn．傳統(tǒng)；傳統(tǒng)的信仰或風(fēng)俗→adj.傳統(tǒng)的14．comparisonn．比較；相比→vt.&vi.與……相比較重點(diǎn)詞組1．takepartin2．givewayto3．keepbalance4．leadto5．makeaproposal6．turnto7．prevent...from...8．donate...to...9．makesure10．a(chǎn)llovertheworld11．theForbiddenCity重點(diǎn)句型1．theoldmustgivewaytothenew，anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.新舊更替的時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來(lái)，在走向未來(lái)的過程中，我們不可能將過去的一切都保存下來(lái)。2．a(chǎn)pathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast，thatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.這些國(guó)家不僅找到了一條不以犧牲古跡為代價(jià)的未來(lái)發(fā)展之路，而且明白了多個(gè)國(guó)家合作創(chuàng)造美好未來(lái)的可能性。3．it’samirrorthatcantellrightfromwrong!據(jù)說(shuō)這是一面可以分辨是非的鏡子！4．ThisnotjustforChina，butforallpeoplearoundtheworld.這使得它不僅是中國(guó)的重要文化遺產(chǎn)，也是全世界人民的重要文化遺產(chǎn)。5．EverypartoftheGreatWallis.長(zhǎng)城的每一部分都很容易找到、看到。知識(shí)點(diǎn)01takepartin參與(某事)；參加(某活動(dòng))AgroupofhighschoolstudentswhoaretakingpartinaninternationalyouthcampatMountTai.一群高中生正在泰山參加一個(gè)國(guó)際青年?duì)I。[例1]Generallyspeaking，boystakeanactivepartinsports.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，男孩子積極參加體育活動(dòng)。[例2]Itgoeswithoutsayingthattakinganactivepartinsocialactivitiescanbroadenourhorizons.不言而喻，積極參加社會(huì)活動(dòng)能開闊我們的眼界。[造句]學(xué)生們?yōu)榱松眢w健康應(yīng)該參加體育活動(dòng)。Studentsshouldtakepartinsportsactivitiesforgoodhealth.[知識(shí)拓展]playapartin 在……中扮演角色；在……中起作用takepart 參加(不跟賓語(yǔ))takeanactivepartin 積極參加……[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Billtookactivepartinthesportsmeeting.②ThereisanEnglishspeechcontestwhichmyteacherencouragesmetotakepart.③Youdon'tneedstrengthto．參加這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)不需要太多體力。④5Gwillourlifeinthenearfuture.在不久的將來(lái)，5G將在我們的生活中起著重要作用。知識(shí)點(diǎn)02balancevt.使平衡；權(quán)衡n．平衡；均勻Findingandkeepingtherightbalancebetweenprogressandtheprotectionofculturalsitescanbeabigchallenge.在發(fā)展和文化遺址的保護(hù)之間找到并保持適當(dāng)?shù)钠胶馐且粋€(gè)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。[例1]Helosthisbalanceandhurthimselfwhenhewentupstairs.他上樓時(shí)失去了平衡，傷了自己。[例2]Itisverydifficultformetokeepabalancebetweensocialactivitiesandstudies.讓我在社交活動(dòng)與學(xué)習(xí)之間保持平衡非常困難。[造句]她試圖兼顧家庭生活和事業(yè)。Shetriestobalancehomelifeandcareer.[知識(shí)拓展](1)keep(one's)balance 保持平衡lose(one's)balance 失去平衡outofbalance 不平衡keepthebalanceof... 保持……的平衡(2)balancedadj. 平穩(wěn)的；安定的；和諧的keepabalanceddiet 保持均衡的飲食(3)balance...and/with... 同等重視/兼顧……和……balancesth.againststh. 使……與……抵消；權(quán)衡……與……[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Hecutdownoncoffeeandcigarettes，andatea(balance)diet.②Hebalancedatriptothemountainsthechanceofasummerjob.③Itisimportantforustokeepbalanceofnature.④Wemustofthings.我們必須權(quán)衡事物的利與弊。⑤Hetried．他試著用一只腳站穩(wěn)。[小片段填空]Whenhefirstlearnedtoskate，hedidn'tknowhowtoandconstantly.Butnowhehaslearnedtowhileskating.最初學(xué)習(xí)滑冰時(shí)，他不知道如何使自己保持平衡，經(jīng)常失去平衡?？墒牵F(xiàn)在他已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了滑冰時(shí)使自己保持平衡。知識(shí)點(diǎn)03leadto導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)；通向……Buttheproposalledtoprotests.但該提議引發(fā)了抗議。[例1]Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)中有許多會(huì)引起癌癥或其他疾病。[例2]Asisknowntous，allroadsleadtoRome.眾所周知，條條大路通羅馬。[造句]過多的工作和過少的休息常會(huì)引起疾病。Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadtoillness.[知識(shí)拓展]leadsb.to... 引導(dǎo)某人去……(地方)leadsb.todosth. 致使某人做某事leada．..life 過……的生活leadtheway 引路，帶路[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanythingbutleadviolence.②Hiscarelessnessledto(fail)inthedrivingtest.③Thenewclueledthepolice(find)thethief.④Shepreferstoleadhappylifeathomeratherthantobeacareerwoman.[小片段填空]He，andavillagenearby.Therewefoundthelocalpeople．他帶路，把我們領(lǐng)到了附近的一個(gè)村莊。在那里，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)厝诉^著幸福的生活。[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]表示“導(dǎo)致”的常用表達(dá)還有：cause，resultin，contributeto，bringabout。知識(shí)點(diǎn)04ikelyadj.可能的adv.可能地WaterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelicsthatwereanimportantpartofEgypt'sculturalheritage.大壩的水可能會(huì)破壞一些寺廟，并摧毀作為埃及文化遺產(chǎn)重要組成部分的文物。[例1]HeislikelytoleaveforNewYorknextweek.＝It'slikelythathewillleaveforNewYorknextweek.他下周很可能去紐約。[例2]Wewillmostlikelyseehimlater.我們很可能晚些時(shí)候會(huì)見到他。[造句]明天我很可能要去上海。It'slikelythatIshallgotoShanghaitomorrow.[知識(shí)拓展](1)belikelytodosth. 可能(發(fā)生某種情況)Itislikely＋that從句 很可能(2)likelyadv. 很可能(多和most或very連用)[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/一句多譯①Unemploymentislikely(go)onrisingthisyear.②Itislikelythatinvestors(投資人)willfacelosses.③他可能很快為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目籌集足夠的資金?！鶫eraiseenoughfundsforthisprojectsoon.→hewillraiseenoughfundsforthisprojectsoon.知識(shí)點(diǎn)05turnto向……求助；致力于；翻到(書的某頁(yè))；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)向；從事于Afterlisteningtothescientistswhohadstudiedtheproblem，andcitizenswholivednearthedam，thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelpin1959.在聽取了研究這一問題的科學(xué)家和住在大壩附近的市民的意見之后，政府于1959年向聯(lián)合國(guó)尋找?guī)椭?。[例1]IfyouturntoPage40，youwillfindit.如果你翻到40頁(yè)，你會(huì)找到它。[例2]Pleaseturntothepoliceforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.當(dāng)你遇到困難時(shí)請(qǐng)向警察求助。[造句]越來(lái)越多的人從事計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)。Moreandmorepeopleturntocomputerscience.[知識(shí)拓展]turnaround/round 轉(zhuǎn)過去；轉(zhuǎn)身turnup 調(diào)高；出現(xiàn)turndown 調(diào)低；拒絕turnin 上交turnout 生產(chǎn)；制造；結(jié)果是……[即學(xué)即練]用turn的短語(yǔ)填空①Heistheguyyoucanforhelpwhenyouareintrouble.②Somesuggestionswerebythecommittee.③ThepersonIspoketotobeournewteacher.④Themeetinghasalreadybegun，butthechairmanhasn'tyet.知識(shí)點(diǎn)06AcommitteewasestablishedtolimitdamagetotheEgyptianbuildingsandpreventthelossofculturalrelics.(聯(lián)合國(guó))成立了一個(gè)委員會(huì)來(lái)限制對(duì)埃及建筑的破壞，防止文物的丟失。(1)limitn．限度；限制vt.限制；限定[例1]Trytolimityourspeechtofiveminutes.盡量把你的演講限制在5分鐘內(nèi)。[例2]Inmyopinion，weshouldlimitourexpensetowhatwecanafford.依我看，我們應(yīng)該把費(fèi)用控制在可以支付的范圍內(nèi)。[造句]生命有限，知識(shí)無(wú)涯。Ourlifehasalimit，butknowledgeiswithoutlimit.[知識(shí)拓展](1)Thereisnolimitto... ……是無(wú)限的put/setalimitto... 對(duì)……限制withinthelimitsof 在……的范圍內(nèi)withoutlimit 無(wú)限(制)地(2)belimitedto... 受限制于……limit...to... 把……限定在……的范圍內(nèi)(3)limitedadj. 有限的(4)limitlessadj. 無(wú)限的[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Iwassorrythatmyvocabularywasso(limit)thatIcouldfindnowordstodescribeit.②I'llhelpasmuchasIcan，butthereisalimitwhatIcando.③Thereare(limit)possibilitiesifyoukeepanopenmind.④Youhadbetterthemonthlyexpenses.你最好給每月的開支設(shè)置限度。⑤thechild'simagination.那孩子的想象力是無(wú)限的。[小片段填空]Aman'slifeis，butservingthepeople.Iwilldevotemylifetothejobofservingthepeople.人的生命是有限的，可是為人民服務(wù)是無(wú)限的。我要把有限的生命投入到無(wú)限的為人民服務(wù)之中去。(2)preventvt.阻止；阻礙；阻撓[例1]Theywerestopped/prevented/keptfromenteringtheburningbuilding.他們被攔在了燃燒著的大樓的外面。[例2]WewerepreventedfromattendingProfessorLi'slecturebytheheavyrain.大雨使我們沒能參加李教授的演講。[造句]她的突然到來(lái)使他不能外出。Hersuddenarrivalpreventedhimfromgoingout.[知識(shí)拓展]eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(prevent＋賓語(yǔ)＋（from）doing,stop＋賓語(yǔ)＋（from）doing,keep＋賓語(yǔ)＋fromdoing))阻止……做某事protect...from/against...保護(hù)……不受……侵襲(from后接能帶來(lái)傷害或損害之物)[名師點(diǎn)津]表示“阻止……做某事”的三個(gè)短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中時(shí)，from都不能省略。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Youcan'tstoppeoplefrom(say)whattheythink.②Thechurchbellskeepmesleeping.③Somethinghasbeendone(protect)thegrainfromrain.④Shefromtakingtheexambyillness.知識(shí)點(diǎn)07contributionn．捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐贈(zèng)Thegroupaskedforcontributionsfromdifferentdepartmentsandraisedfundswithintheinternationalcommunity.該組織要求不同部門捐款，并在國(guó)際社會(huì)上籌集資金。[例1]LastweekPremierLivisitedseveralgreatscientists，whohavemadegreatcontributionstoscience.上周，李總理拜訪了幾位偉大的科學(xué)家，他們對(duì)科學(xué)做出了卓越的貢獻(xiàn)。[例2]Failurecanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonceyoulearntomakeuseofit.一旦你學(xué)會(huì)了利用失敗，失敗就能為你的生活做出積極的貢獻(xiàn)。[造句]每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)為環(huán)保做貢獻(xiàn)。Everyoneshouldmakeacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment.[知識(shí)拓展](1)makeacontribution/contributionsto(doing)sth. 對(duì)(做)某事做出貢獻(xiàn)(2)contributevt.&vi. 捐獻(xiàn)；捐助；貢獻(xiàn)；是……的原因 之一；促成；投稿contribute...to... 向……捐獻(xiàn)/贈(zèng)……；投稿contributeto 貢獻(xiàn)；有助于；導(dǎo)致[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①TuYouyouhasmadegreat(contribute)tothepeopleinfectedwithmalaria(瘧疾).②Wemadecontributiontothosewhoarebadlyoff.③Hecontributedanumberofarticlesthemagazine.[小片段填空]Manypeoplemoneytothepoorboy，whichtohisreturningtoschool.Awriterwroteastoryaboutitandittoanewspaper.許多人給那個(gè)可憐的男孩捐款，使他可以重返校園。一位作家寫了一篇關(guān)于此事的故事，并把它投稿到了一家報(bào)社。知識(shí)點(diǎn)08attemptn．&vt.企圖；試圖；嘗試WhydidtheEgyptiangovernmentwanttoattemptthebuildingofthedam?為什么埃及政府試圖建設(shè)這個(gè)大壩？[例1]Heattemptedtochangehislearningstyle，butfailed.他試圖改變他的學(xué)習(xí)方式，但是沒有成功。[例2]Theplanecrashedunexpectedlywhenitmadeanattempttoland/atlandingattheairport.這架飛機(jī)在機(jī)場(chǎng)試圖著陸時(shí)意外墜毀了。[造句]他正在試圖完成一項(xiàng)困難的任務(wù)。Heisattemptingtofulfiladifficulttask.[知識(shí)拓展](1)makeanattempttodo/atdoingsth. 嘗試做某事atone's/thefirstattempt (某人)第一次嘗試makenoattempttodosth. 不做任何嘗試(2)attempttodosth. 企圖做某事；嘗試做某事[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/一句多譯①Hemadeattempttolearntoskate.②Hehasattempted(find)apeacefulsolutiontotheconflict.③Theymadenoattempt(escape).④他們?cè)谠噲D用新的方法保護(hù)文化遺址?！鶷heyareinanewway.(attempt)→Theyareinanewway.(try)知識(shí)點(diǎn)09worthwhileadj.值得做的；值得花時(shí)間的Alotofmoneywasspenttoprotectthetemples.Doyouthinkitwasworthwhile?花很多錢保護(hù)這些廟宇。你認(rèn)為值得嗎？[例1]Hisdaughterfeltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic.他的女兒覺得保存他的音樂很有價(jià)值。[例2]Itisworthwhiletodiscusstheproblemfurther.進(jìn)一步討論這個(gè)問題是值得的。[造句]謝謝你讓我的拜訪如此值得。Thankyouformakingmyvisitworthwhile.[知識(shí)拓展]易混詞意義worthwhile意為“值得的”，常用句型Itisworthwhiledoingsth./todosth.；可作賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)worthy意為“值得的”，常用句型beworthyofbeingdone/tobedone或beworthyof＋名詞；表示“值得尊敬的”時(shí)，常作定語(yǔ)worth意為“值得的”，常用句型beworthdoing，動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義；常做表語(yǔ)[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Itisworthwhile(send)himabroadforfurthereducation.②Thebookisworthy(read)carefully.③Thisideaiswellworth(consider).知識(shí)點(diǎn)10atimewhen...“一個(gè)……的時(shí)期”Therecomesatimewhentheoldmustgivewaytothenew，anditisnotpossibletopreserveeverythingfromourpastaswemovetowardsthefuture.新舊更替的時(shí)代已經(jīng)到來(lái)。在走向未來(lái)的過程中，我們不可能將過去的一切都保存下來(lái)。[句式分析]atimewhen...“一個(gè)……的時(shí)期”，when引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞atime。[例1]Therecomesatimewhenchildrenmustleavehomeandspreadtheirwings.總有一天，孩子們必須離家施展他們自己的才能。[例2]TherecomesatimewhenteenagerslearnEnglishontheInternet.青少年在網(wǎng)上學(xué)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)代到來(lái)了。[造句]那是一個(gè)電話還沒有被發(fā)明的時(shí)期。Thatwasatimewhentelephoneshadn'tbeeninvented.[知識(shí)拓展](1)therewasatimewhen... 曾有一段時(shí)間……(2)ata/thetimewhen... 在……的時(shí)候[即學(xué)即練]完成句子①onemustberesponsibleforhis/hermistakes.到了一個(gè)人要為自己所犯的錯(cuò)負(fù)責(zé)的時(shí)候了。②anythingseemedpossible.那是一個(gè)任何事都可能會(huì)發(fā)生的時(shí)代。③therewerestillslavesintheUSA.這是一個(gè)在美國(guó)仍存在奴隸的時(shí)期。④，hewasveryyoung.當(dāng)初我見到他的時(shí)候，他還很年輕。⑤womenwerenotallowedtogotoschool.曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，婦女不被允許去上學(xué)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)11notonly...butalso...“不僅……而且……”Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuturethatdidnotrunovertherelicsofthepast，buttheyhadalsolearntthatitwaspossibleforcountriestoworktogethertobuildabettertomorrow.這些國(guó)家不僅找到了一條不以犧牲古跡為代價(jià)的未來(lái)發(fā)展之路，而且明白了多個(gè)國(guó)家合作創(chuàng)造美好未來(lái)的可能性。[句式分析]notonly...butalso...“不僅……而且……”用作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于“notjust...butalso...”。[例1]Theynotonlybrokeintohisofficebut(also)toreuphispapers.他們不僅闖進(jìn)了他的辦公室，而且撕碎了他的文件。[例2]TheBritishandtheAmericansnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharealargenumberofsocialcustoms.英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人不但語(yǔ)言相同，而且有很多相同的社會(huì)習(xí)俗。[造句]不但學(xué)生們反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃，老師也反對(duì)。Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwasagainsttheplan.[知識(shí)拓展](1)notonly...butalso...結(jié)構(gòu)常用來(lái)連接并列成分，如兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或句子，在意義上強(qiáng)調(diào)后者，其中also可以省略。(2)“notonly...butalso...”連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)遵循就近原則；(3)當(dāng)notonly位于句首連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，第一個(gè)分句要用部分倒裝，第二個(gè)分句不倒裝。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Notonlyheteachatschool，buthewrotenovels.②NotonlyIbutalsoTomandMary(be)fondofwatchingtelevision.③，butalsotheyhadnomoney.他們不但迷路了，而且沒有錢。④Notonlythechildbutalsohisparents．不僅是這個(gè)孩子，還有他的父母也在欣賞這部電影。定語(yǔ)從句[觀察例句]1．Hepickedabookwhosecoverisred.2．Thisistheverynovelaboutwhichwe'vetalkedsomuch.3．ThisisMr.JohnforwhomIboughtabookyesterday.4．Byboatistheonlywaytogethere，whichishowwearrived.5．Theyinvitedmetotheparty，whichmademeveryhappy.[歸納用法]一、定語(yǔ)從句的定義及分類起定語(yǔ)作用，修飾某一名詞或代詞，或修飾整個(gè)主句的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句一般置于先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有which，that，who，whom，whose；關(guān)系副詞有when，where，why等。eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(①限制性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞起限定修飾作用。,Heisateacherwhoworksatourschool.,②非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用（先行,詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間有逗號(hào)隔開）。,Beijing，whichisthecapitalofChina，isabeautifulcity,withalonghistory.,比較：Hehastwosons，whoworkinthesamecompany.,（Hehasonlytwosons.）,Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.,（Perhapshehasmorethantwosons.）))[即學(xué)即練1]用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空①IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,myclassmatesrecommendedtome.②TheSmiths，whonowdownstairs，areaskingtoseeyou.③Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmwevisitedthreemonthsago?二、定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有連接先行詞和從句、指代先行詞并在從句中充當(dāng)語(yǔ)法成分的三重作用。關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的作用及用法如下：關(guān)系詞先行詞在從句中的作用例句who人作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Theboywhoisstandingthereismycousin.站在那兒的那個(gè)男孩是我的表弟。whom人作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)(可省略)Theman(whom)youmetyesterdayisMr.Smith.你昨天見的那個(gè)人是史密斯先生。whose人或物(＝ofwhom/ofwhich)作定語(yǔ)Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.他住在一間窗戶朝南的房間里。that人或物作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)(可省略)Idon'tknowabouttheman(that)youmentioned.我不知道你提到的那個(gè)人。which物作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Thepen(which)myunclegavemeismissing.我叔叔給我的那支鋼筆丟了。when表示時(shí)間的名詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我入黨的那一天。where表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Thefactorywheremyfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.我爸爸工作的那家工廠在這座城市的東部。why原因作原因狀語(yǔ)NoneofusknowthereasonwhyTomwasabsentfromthemeeting.我們都不知道湯姆缺席會(huì)議的原因。[即學(xué)即練2]用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空①Anyonehashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.②ThisisthewatchIamlookingfor.③ItisthetallestbuildingDaminghasseeneversincehecamehere.④Thisisthereasontheyareallagainsttheplan.⑤Ihaveseentrees，leavesopenatsunriseandcloseatsunset.[名師點(diǎn)津](1)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常不能用that引導(dǎo)。(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般不能用why引導(dǎo)，要用forwhich。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Inthedarkstreet，therewasn'tasinglepersontoshecouldturnforhelp.2．Isawahouse，thewindowsofwerebroken.3．Thefirstthinghedidafterarrivinghomewasdoinghishomework.4．Thereasonhewaslatewasthathemissedhistrain.5．Helivesinahotel，isonlyfiveminutes'walkfromhere.6．IsthisthehouseShakespearewasborn?7．Kate，sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege，hasgonetoworkinAustralia.8．Wehaveenteredintoanagedreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.9．Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.10．Untilnow，wehaveraised50，000poundsforthepoorchildren，isquiteunexpected.Ⅱ.短文語(yǔ)法填空Wheninaseniorhighschool，Iwastiredof1.(learn)English.Myparentsmademejoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclub.ButI2.(miss)myparentsverymuchandwantedtogohome.3.(I)guidecommunicatedwithmefacetoface，from4.Igainedsomeuseful5.(instruction).Healsoshowedmeagoodpartner，andwegotalongwellwitheachother.6.(gradual)Iadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandtakepartinaseriesofactivities7.theschoolheld.Ishouldthanktheguide8.encouragedmetolearnEnglish.NowIfeel9.itinterestingtolearnEnglish，into10.Iputmyentireenergy.新聞報(bào)道本單元的寫作項(xiàng)目屬于應(yīng)用體類別中的“新聞報(bào)道”。新聞報(bào)道作為傳遞信息的文學(xué)體裁，其特點(diǎn)是以事實(shí)為依據(jù)，對(duì)人的經(jīng)歷或客觀事實(shí)給予明確的、實(shí)事求是的報(bào)道。[基本框架]新聞報(bào)道一般包括四個(gè)部分：標(biāo)題、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)、主體、結(jié)語(yǔ)。1．標(biāo)題是新聞的題目，是編輯對(duì)最有新聞價(jià)值的內(nèi)容的濃縮、概括、提煉和再創(chuàng)造。撰寫標(biāo)題是為了擷取新聞要點(diǎn)、詮釋新聞意義、吸引讀者閱讀。2．導(dǎo)語(yǔ)是消息開頭的第一段或第一句話，它扼要地揭示出消息的核心內(nèi)容。3．主體是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事實(shí)表現(xiàn)主題，是對(duì)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步展開和闡釋。4．結(jié)語(yǔ)一般是最后一句話或者一段話，通常對(duì)全文內(nèi)容作概括性的總結(jié)和對(duì)新聞事件的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)作出預(yù)測(cè)。有時(shí)，作者會(huì)根據(jù)報(bào)道的事實(shí)在結(jié)語(yǔ)中提出令人深思的問題。[常用詞塊]1．withthedevelopmentof...隨著……的發(fā)展2．maincause主要原因3．a(chǎn)nincreasingnumberof...越來(lái)越多的……4．happen/occur發(fā)生5．takemeasurestodosth.采取措施做某事6．furtherdetails進(jìn)一步的詳情7．owingto/dueto/becauseof由于，因?yàn)?．inconclusion總而言之[常用語(yǔ)句]★精彩開頭1．Onthemorningof...，Chinasuccessfullysetup...2．Manycountriesaroundtheworldsenttheircongratulations.3．Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto...somepeoplesuggestthat...4．...hasbeenplayinganimportantroleinourdailylife.Ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbutcreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.5．Itishightimethattheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolve...6．WiththerapidincreaseofChina'spopulation，...isbecomingmoreandmoreserious.★正文佳句1．陳述事實(shí)常用的句型①Aterriblestormhit/struckJapan.一場(chǎng)強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴襲擊了日本。②Itwasacoolautumnnightwhentheaccidenthappened.事故發(fā)生在一個(gè)涼爽的秋夜。③Withthehelpoftherescueteam，peoplewhoweretrappedinthefloodweresaved.在救援隊(duì)的幫助下，困在洪水中的人們得救了。2．陳述觀點(diǎn)常用的句型Clearly/Obviously/Inmyopinion/Itseemedthatpeoplewereshocked.顯然/在我看來(lái)/似乎人們都震驚了。3．揭示原因常用的句型Becauseof/Asaresultof/Thankstothehelpofthearmy，peoplewhogotinjuredweresenttothehospitalimmediately.因?yàn)?幸虧有軍隊(duì)的幫助，受傷的人們被立即送往醫(yī)院。★余味結(jié)尾1．Inaword/Todrawaconclusion/Ibelievethatwewillbuildanewcity.總之/我相信我們將建設(shè)一座新的城市。2．Finally，measuresshouldbetakenbythegovernmenttosetupvariousschoolsandcollegestomeettheneedsofpeople.最后，政府應(yīng)該采取措施建立各類學(xué)校以滿足人們的需求。3．Sopeopleshouldhelpeachothertobuildupaharmonioussociety.因此大家應(yīng)互相幫助以建設(shè)一個(gè)和諧的社會(huì)。4．Ibelievewecancertainlyovercomethedisasterwiththepublicandthegovernmentworkingtogether.我相信在公眾和政府的共同努力下，我們必定會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。某歷史文化名城為了修建公路，欲將該市建于唐朝的一處古墻拆除。假如你是某報(bào)記者，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面提示用英文寫一篇新聞報(bào)道。贊成(10%)1.修建公路是社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要；2.文化遺產(chǎn)在必要時(shí)應(yīng)給社會(huì)發(fā)展讓路。反對(duì)(90%)1.古城墻有極高的歷史價(jià)值，是城市文明的象征之一；2.文化遺產(chǎn)有利于我國(guó)與世界各國(guó)的文化交流。注意：詞數(shù)80左右。題組A基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示或首字母提示寫單詞)(每小題2分，共16分)1．Asweallknow，itisworthwhiletoculturalrelicsandhistoricsites.2．Wemustdoourbesttoprotectthesehistoricsitesfrom(消失)．3．Hiscareless(行為)ledtothelossofthedocuments，sohehadtotypeanotheronewithinlimitedtime.4．Acommitteewasestablishedtoinvestigatetheissuetothemountainfire.5．It’sagoodtraditionforthecompanytocaremoreaboutthanquantitythroughouttheprocess.6．Thoughtheyoungmanattemptedtodownloadherdigitalphotoswithoutherpermission，shechosetohim.7．Inmy，thearchaeologistshouldgooverseastostudythehistoricrelics.8．Onasheetofpaper，hedrewthe(圖像)ofadragon.Ⅱ.詞形變化填空(用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)(每小題2分，共14分)9．Theyoungmanamachinetosolvethetrickyproblem，andthushewasconsideredtobeaperson.(create)10．Somearefillinginformsforawell-paidjob.(apply)11．Knowledgeis，butmymemorymetorememberonlyinformation.(limit)12．Theinstanttheoldgardener，allthegirlspickingflowersraninalldirectionsandsoon.(disappear)13．isbetterthancure，sowemusttakemeasurestoCOVID-19fromspreading.(prevent)14．Thegenerouslyfoodandmoneytothepoorfamilyandhishelpedthemgothroughthehardtime.(donate)15．Thefatherthathisdaughtershouldacceptherboyfriend’s.(propose)Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(每小題2分，共10分)16．高考后，你將會(huì)填志愿。你必須作出抉擇的時(shí)候到了。AftertheCollegeEntranceExamination，youwillfillintheapplicationform.youhavetomakeachoice.17．通過參加漢語(yǔ)角，你不但可以提高自己的漢語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)，還可以交到新朋友。BygoingtotheChinesecorner，yourspokenChinese，makenewfriends.18．據(jù)說(shuō)，約300人參加了這次馬拉松。Itissaidthatabout300peopletookpartinthemarathon.19．優(yōu)美的景色使得張家界成為中國(guó)著名的旅游勝地。ThebeautifulsceneryinChina.20．他去年寫的那本書很難理解。Thebookhewrotelastyear.題組B能力提升練Ⅰ.課文語(yǔ)法填空——復(fù)習(xí)本單元ReadingandThinking部分Inthecourseofeconomicdevelopment，therecomesatime1.theoldmustgivewaytothenew.(keep)balancebetweenprogressandtheprotectionofculturalsitescanbeagreatchallenge.Inthe1950s，theEgyptiangovernmentwanted3.(build)anewdam.However，theprojectled4.protests，becausewaterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberofculturalrelics.SothegovernmentturnedtotheUNforhelp.Acommittee5.(establish)todealwiththechallengeandexpertsinvestigatedtheissue，conductedseveraltestsandmadea6.(propose)tosavetheculturalrelics.7.(final)，theworkbeganin1960.Thetemplesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypieceandthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininanewplace.Overthenext20years,8.(thousand)ofengineersandworkersrescuedcountlessculturalrelics.In1980，theprojectended,9.wasconsidered10.greatsuccess.Itshowsthatifaproblemseemstoodifficultforasinglenation，theglobalcommunitycansometimesprovideasolution.請(qǐng)先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文，然后翻譯短文并背誦該短文。(文中加波浪線的句子為本單元的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目：定語(yǔ)從句)eq\x(preserve，balance，throughout，prevent，donate，protest，attempt，promote)Anewhigh-speedrailwaywastobebuiltthroughthesmalltown.However，anarchaeologist1.againstit，becauseitmeantanoldtemple(which)theyregardedastheonlyhistoricheritageandculturalrelicwouldlikelydisappear.Butthefundwaslimited.Ifthegovernmentgavewaytohim，itwouldleadtoagreatlossofmoney.Howtokeepa2.betweenconstructionandprotectionwasachallengingissue.Acommitteewasestablishedto3.thetemplefrombeingdamaged.Theyconductedmanyinvestigationsinan4.tosolvetheproblem.Themembersreferredtoformerdocuments，andturnedtoprofessionalsfromallovertheworldforadvice.Theymademanyproposals.Atlast，bycomparison，theydecidedtoapplythedigitalimagetechnologytothepreservation.5.theprocess，manyoverseasexpertstookpartintheproject.Manylocals6.moneytothecommittee.Theymadegreatcontributionstoit.Atlast，everythingincludingtheentrance，theexit，thedragonontheroofandeventhemirrorswas7.well.Thelocalsheldaparadeforit.Intheiropinion，goodtraditionswereimportantandweshould8.appreciationofheritage.Theywouldnotforgivethosewhodamagethemforever.題組C培優(yōu)拔尖練一Morethan10millionChineseculturalrelicshavebeenlostoverseas,mostofwhichwerestolenandillegallyshippedoutofChinaduringthetimesofwarbefore1949.About1.67millionpiecesarehousedinmorethan200museumsin47countries,whichaccountsfor10percentofalllostChineseculturalrelics，andtherestareinthehandsofprivatecollectors.Mostofthesetreasuresareownedbymuseumsorpriva