大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(全新版)第四冊(cè)電子教案UnittwoSmartCarsI.TeachingobjectivesStudentswillbeableto:graspthemainidea(Newtechnologywillhaveadramaticimpactoncarsandhighwaysinthe21stcentury.)andstructureofthetext.learnsometechniquesinexpositorywriting(definition,quotes,amixtureoffactsandopinions,etc.);masterkeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.II.TextAnalysis:Whatjumpsoutfirstatabrowserofthistextmaybethesetermsinquotationmarksorwithcapitalizedfirstletters--“blindspot”,GlobalPositioningSystem,“atomicclocks”,“telematics”and“automateddriver”.Whatdotheymean?Howdowefindout?Anefficientreaderknows.He/Shecanmakeaguessbasedonknowledgeofword-formationorknowledgeoftheworldorthecontext.Forexample,whenthereadercomesacross“Shouldyoumakeaseriousdrivingmistake(e.g.changelaneswhenthereisacarinyour‘blindspot’)thecomputerwouldsoundanimmediatewarning”,heorshecanguessfromthecontextthatablindspotmustbeportionoftheroadbehindacar,whichadrivercannotobservefromtherear-viewmirror.WhatistheGlobalPositioningSystem?Fromthesentencecontainingthisterm(“Wealreadyhavetwenty-fourNavstarsatellitesorbitingtheearth,makingupwhatiscalledtheGlobalPositioningSystem.”),weknowitisaservicelinkedwithasatellite.Fromthefollowingsentenceweknowitsfunction(“Theymakeitpossibletodetermineyourlocationontheearthtowithinaboutahundredfeet.”)Whatisanatomicclock?Theanswerisfoundinexactlythesamesentence.Itvibratesataprecisefrequency,accordingtothelawsofthequantumtheory.Wecanguessthemeaningof“telematics”fromitswordformation.Theprefix“tele-“means“distant”,thesuffix“-matics”maybetheendpartof“informatics”.Thenthesentenceinthetext—“GPSisactuallybutpartofalargemovement,called“telematics’”–tellsusmoreaboutit.Whatisanautomateddriver?Sentencesdirectlyfollowingthetermgiveadetailedexplanation—“Theplancallsforcomputers,aidedbythousandsofthree-inchmagneticspikesburiedinthehighway,totakecomputercontrolofthedrivingofcarsonheavilytraffickedroads.Carswillbebunchedintogroupsoftentotwelvevehicles,onlysixfeetapart,travelinginunison,andcontrolledbycomputer.”III.CulturalNotes:*Automobileindustry:theautomobileindustryisoneofthemostimportantindustriesintheworld,affectingnotonlyeconomiesbutalsocultures.Itprovidesjobsformillionsofpeople,generatesbillionsofdollarsinworldwiderevenues,andprovidesthebasisforamultitudeofrelatedserviceandsupportindustries.Automobilesrevolutionizedtransportationinthe20thcentury,changingforeverthewaypeoplelive,travel,anddobusiness.Theautomobilehasenabledpeopletotravelandtransportgoodsfartherandfaster,andhasopenedwidermarketareasforbusinessandcommerce.Theautoindustryhasalsoreducedtheoverallcostoftransportationbyusingmethodssuchasmassproduction(makingseveralproductsatonce,ratherthanoneatatime),massmarketing(sellingproductsnationallyandgloballyratherthanlocally),andglobalizationofproduction(assemblingproductswithpartsmadeworldwide).Between1886and1898,about300automobileswerebuilt,buttherewasnorealestablishedindustry.Acenturylater,withautomakersandautobuyersexpandingglobally,automakingbecametheworld’slargestmanufacturingactivity,withmorethan53millionnewvehiclesbuilteachyearworldwide.Automobilemanufacturersareamongthelargestcompaniesintheworld.Thesecorporationsareoftenmultinational.Thesecompaniesoftenshareparts,orusepartsmadeinforeignfactories.TheU.S.automobileindustryproduced16.8millionvehiclesin1999.thethreemajorautomobilemanufacturersintheUnitedStates—GeneralMotorsCorporation,FordMotorCompany,andDaimlerChryslerAG—providethree-fourthsoftheindustry’stotaldirectemploymentintheUnitedStates.Atthestartofthe21stcentury,thetrendsofglobaltradeandmanufacturingflexibilitycontinue.Computerizationcontinuestobeamajorpartofautodesignandmanufacture,asdothesearchforalternativefuelsandmoreefficientautomobiledesigns.IV.LanguageStudy\l"this#this"turn(sth.)into/become(a)reality

(使)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)e.g.Herdreamofbeingacollegestudenthasturnedintoareality.WorkingathomeandcommunicatingwithfellowworkersviatheirPCshasbecomearealityforsome.rank:v.placesomebodyorsomethinginarank;gradesomebodyorsomethingaccordingtoquality,achievement,etc.排列；位于；分等級(jí)；分類（among,with）e.g.Hisnamewillberankedwiththegreatnamesofhistory.他將名垂史冊(cè)。Ranktheprovincesintheorderofsize.按面積大小依次排列各省。Heranksamong/withthefailures.他是一個(gè)失敗者。\l"this#this"lucrative

a.producingmuchmoney;profitable生利的，賺錢的

e.g.Manyex-armyofficershavefoundlucrativejobsinprivatesecurityfirms.WemadealucrativebusinessdealwiththeAmericancompanyonriceimports.Realestateisalucrativebusinessifyoubuyandsellpropertyinexpensiveneighborhoods.在價(jià)格昂貴的街區(qū)從事房地產(chǎn)買賣是個(gè)有利可圖的生意。Imadethousandsofdollarsinthelucrativerestaurantbusiness.餐館生意利潤(rùn)豐厚，我從中賺了數(shù)千美元。

\l"this#this"presently

ad.(espUS)now;inashorttime,soon現(xiàn)在，目前；不久

e.g.Wepresentlyhavenoplanstoexpandourbusinessoverseas,butthatmaywellchangeinthefuture.“Takeiteasy,”Davidsaid.“Youwillfeelbetterpresently.”standat：(ofameasureorlevel)reachorremainat(acertainamount)處于某水平；指向某一點(diǎn)e.g.Thecollectionofmoneytosavetheancientchurchnowstandsat$35,000.為挽救古老的教堂而籌集的款項(xiàng)現(xiàn)已達(dá)3.5萬(wàn)美金.Thefloodlevelstoodatthreefeetaboveusualforseveralweeks.幾周來(lái)洪水水面超過(guò)正常水位三英尺.manufacture:v.producegoodsinlargenumbers,usuallyinafactoryusingmachines用機(jī)器制造e.g.Heworksforacompanythatmanufacturescarparts.他在一家汽車配件廠工作。1)themakingofgoodsorproductsbymanuallabororbymachinery,esp.onalargescale（大量）制造；制造業(yè)；工廠e.g.Buttodevelopmanufacturestotheutmost,Chinamusthavenewmarkersforherproducts.不過(guò)，中國(guó)若要大力發(fā)展制造業(yè)就必須為產(chǎn)品開拓新市場(chǎng)。2)manufacturedgoodsorarticle產(chǎn)品e.g.athingofhome/foreignmanufacture本國(guó)（外國(guó)）制品Plasticisanimportantmanufacture.塑料是重要的工業(yè)制品

\l"this#this"approximately

ad.moreorlessexactly;about近似；大概

approximatea.fairlycorrectoraccuratebutnotcompletelyso近似的；大概的

e.g.Approximately$150millionistobespentonimprovementsonschoolbuildings.Thecaraccidenthappenedatapproximately7:45a.m.bother：taketimeandtroubletodosomething費(fèi)心做某事（常與否定詞not連用）e.g.Mostpeopledon’tbothertomakeawillwhiletheyarestillyoung.年輕的時(shí)候許多人不會(huì)想到去立一份遺囑。Oscardidn’tbothertoreturnFay’scall—thatcouldwaittilltomorrow.奧斯卡沒(méi)有給費(fèi)回電――這可以等到明天早上。\l"this#this"eliminate1.)vt.remove(sb./sth.)thatisnotwantedorneeded;getridof消除；消滅；排除(usedinthepatternseliminatesth,;eliminatesth.fromsth.)

e.g.TheChinesegovernmentapprovedanewplantoeliminateilliteracynationwideby2006.Ifyouthinkyoumaybeallergic（過(guò)敏的）toafoodordrink,eliminateitfromyourdiet.Thepoliceeliminatedhimfromtheirenquiries。警察把他從需要盤問(wèn)的人里排除出去。2.)excludesomebodyfromfurtherstagesinacompetition,throughdefeat,etc..淘汰某人e.g.Samwaseliminatedformthefourthround.山姆在第四輪遭淘汰。vapor：n.gasorextremelysmalldropsofliquidwhichresultfromtheheatingofaliquidorsolid蒸氣；水蒸氣；霧e.g.Thecookingvaporsweredrawnoutofthekitchenbyafan.Poisonousvaporsburstoutofthefactoryduringtheaccident,causingseveralhundreddeaths.事故中毒氣逸出工廠，造成幾百人死亡。\l"this#this"intheair：intheopenspace；uncertain，undecided空氣中；在空中；懸而未決

e.g.Thereisapeculiarsmellintheair.

Hundredsofbirdssuddenlyroseintheair.Idon’tknowwhatSallyplanstodo.Thingsweresortofupintheairthelasttimewetalked.我不知道莎麗有何打算。上次我們談?wù)摰臅r(shí)候還八字沒(méi)一撇呢。Let’sleavethisquestionupintheairuntilnextweek.咱們把這個(gè)問(wèn)題留到下周再解決吧。\l"this#this"startup1.)beginorbeginworking,running,etc.發(fā)動(dòng)，啟動(dòng)；開始

e.g.Peterlookedinhismirrorandstarteduptheengine.

Putthekeyintheignitionandturnittostartthecarup.2.)begin（sth.asabusiness）;beginworking(inatrade,profession)開始從事某事業(yè)e.g.Itwasabravemovetostartupone’sownbusinessinwartime.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期創(chuàng)業(yè)是個(gè)勇敢的舉動(dòng)。Howmuchwoulditcosttostartupintheinsurancebusiness?做保險(xiǎn)生意啟動(dòng)資金需要多少

\l"this#this"alert

vt.warn(sb.)thattheremaybedanger,trouble,etc.使警覺(jué)，使警惕；使注意(常與to連用)

e.g.Themanageralertedthestafftothecrisisfacingthecompany.

Theteacheralertedthestudentstothedangerofswimmingintheriver.Ananonymousletteralertedpolicetothepossibilityofterroristattackattheairport.一封匿名信告誡警方恐怖分子有可能襲擊機(jī)場(chǎng)。

\l"this#this"monotonous

a.dullandneverchangingorvarying;constantandboring單調(diào)的；一成不變的

e.g.Robotsareusedinrepetitive,monotonoustasksinwhichhumanperformancemightdegradeovertime.Inthe1970swehadamonotonousdietofriceandvegetable.Myjobattheassemblylineofthecarfactoryisrathermonotonous.Monotonyn.單調(diào)；無(wú)變化e.g.Themonotonyofmotorwaydrivingcausesmanyaccidents.高速路上的單調(diào)駕駛造成許多事故。Theroutinewasthesameeveryday,withnothingtobreakthemonotony.日常事務(wù)天天如此，單調(diào)乏味，沒(méi)有變化。hazard：n.theriskofsomethingbadhappening危險(xiǎn)；冒險(xiǎn)；公害e.g.Forexporters,changesintheexchangerateareanunavoidablehazard.對(duì)出口商來(lái)說(shuō)，匯率的變化是不可避免的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。TherearemanyhazardsinajourneyacrossAfrica.穿越非洲的旅行危險(xiǎn)重重。athazard在危急中e.g.Yourentirelifeisathazardunlessyouwearahelmetwhenyourideyourmotorcycle.騎摩托車時(shí)要帶頭盔，否則你的生命會(huì)面臨危險(xiǎn)。train：aimsomethingtowardssomebodyorsomething瞄準(zhǔn)（常與on連用）e.g.Marytrainedhereyesontheantiquecarcominguptheroad.瑪麗的眼睛盯著沿著公路駛來(lái)的那輛吉普車。Themarksmantrainedhissightsonthetarget.射手把視線對(duì)準(zhǔn)靶子。

\l"this#this"get/bestuckin(sth.)：1)beunabletomoveortobemoved停留，被阻塞

e.g.Iwasstuckinthetrafficyesterdayforaboutonehour.That'swhyImissedtheplane.Iwasstuckathomewithflu.2)Getfixedtightlyinaparticularplace卡??；不能動(dòng)彈e.g.Heisveryfatandit’saverybigchair.Ihopehedoesn’tgetstuck.tune：v.adjust（areceiver）toadesiredfrequency調(diào)整（接受器的頻率）；收聽e.g.Youdon’tseemtotuneintothestationproperly;thesoundisn’tclear.你似乎沒(méi)有調(diào)準(zhǔn)電臺(tái)的頻率，聲音不清晰。TheradioisturnedtoBBC.\l"this#this"vibratev.(causeto)moverapidlyandcontinuouslybackwardsandforwards;shake（使）振動(dòng)，顫動(dòng)，搖擺

e.g.Microwaveovensoperatebyagitatingthewatermoleculesinthefood,causingthemtovibrate,whichproducesheat.Thewholehousevibrateswheneveraheavytruckpasses.

\l"this#this"convert(followedbyinto/to)1.)v.(causeto)changefromoneformorusetoanother（使）轉(zhuǎn)變，（使）改變

e.g.Solarcookingrequiresadarkpottoabsorbthesun'sraysandconvertthemintoheatenergy.

What’stheformulaforconvertingpoundsintokilos?把磅換算成公斤的公式是什么？Thatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool.2．)changeone’sreligion（beliefsoropinions）改變（宗教、信仰或意見(jiàn)等）e.g.Shemanagedtoconverthimtoheropinion.她終于說(shuō)服他接受了她的意見(jiàn)。HeconvertedtoCatholicismwhenhegotmanaged.

\l"this#this"correlate(followedbywith/to)

vt.bring(sth.)intoamutualrelationship(withanother)使(與…)相互關(guān)聯(lián)

e.g.Amother'ssmokinginpregnancycorrelateswithlowbirthweightinherbaby.Obesitycorrelateswithincreasedriskofstroke.Theresultsoftheseexperimentscannotcorrelatewiththeresultsofearlierones.這些試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果與以前的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果之間找不到聯(lián)系。

\l"this#this"poise

v.使做好準(zhǔn)備

bepoisedto(do)bereadytotakeactionatanymoment做好準(zhǔn)備隨時(shí)（做…）（后接不定式或for）

e.g.Theautomobilecompanyispoisedtolaunchitsnewadvertisingcampaign.ItisreportedthatUSforcearepoisedtoattackIraq.Themilitaryforcesarepoisedfortotype：n.thefirstexampleofsomething,suchasamachineorotherindustrialproductfromwhichalllaterformsaredeveloped原型；典型；樣板；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)e.g.aprototypefor／ofanewcar新車的原型theprototypeforfutureschoolbuildings未來(lái)學(xué)校建筑的模型\l"this#this"mount1.)v.fix(sth.)inpositionforuse,displayorstudy;put(sth.)intoplaceonasupport將…固定??；將…置于架上

e.g.Someautomobilesweredesignedwithatransmissionmountedontherearaxle.Thefirstgas-poweredvehicleslookedlikehorsebuggieswithenginesmountedunderneath.Anyonewillnoticethatacameraismountedabovethemaindoor.Shemountedthephotographonthebackofherdiarybook.2.)increaseinamountorintensity上升；增加e.g.Morepeoplecollapsedasthetemperatureintheprisonmounted.監(jiān)獄中的氣溫上升后，更多的人病倒了。Concernismountingoverthefateofthelostexpedition.人們?cè)絹?lái)越擔(dān)心失蹤探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)的命運(yùn)。3.)beginsomething；organizesomething準(zhǔn)備；開始（攻擊）；著手e.g.Theunitedopponentpartiesaregettingreadytomountapowerfulattackonthegovernment.反對(duì)黨聯(lián)合起來(lái)準(zhǔn)備向政府發(fā)動(dòng)有力的攻勢(shì)。callfor：demand；requeststrongly需要；要求e.g.Theoccasioncallsforacoolhead.這種場(chǎng)合需要冷靜的頭腦。Thestudentscallforanendtotuitionincrease.學(xué)生們強(qiáng)烈要求停止增加學(xué)費(fèi)。

\l"this#this"takecontrolof控制；支配；管理

e.g.Thenewmanagerdidn'tknowhowtotakecontrolofhiscompany.Thegovernmenthastakencontrolofallthenewspapers.Followingtherequestsfromthepolice,kthearmyhasnowtakencontrolofthearea.在警方的要求下，部隊(duì)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)控制了這個(gè)地區(qū)。AnneWilliamswilltakecontroloftheresearchdivisiononAugust5th.安.威廉姆斯將從8月5日起接管該研究部門.\l"this#this"bunchv.grouptogether使成一束（或一捆等）

e.g.Theybunchedtogethertoallowotherstosqueezeintothecrowdedelevator.Therunnerswerestillbunchedtogetheronthetrack.Crosstheroadoneatatime—don’tbunchup.一個(gè)一個(gè)地過(guò)馬路,不要擠在一起.Themonkeysbunchedtogetherintheircage.inunison:actingtogetherincloseassociationoragreement一致地;和諧的e.g.Thelastversewillbesunginunison.歌詞的最后一段要合唱.Thebankshaveactedinunisonwiththebuildingsocietiesinloweringinterestrates.銀行