2025年托福閱讀理解長難句解析與備考技巧試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______Section11.Despitesignificantadvancementsinagriculturaltechnologyoverthepasthalf-century,whichhasledtoincreasedcropyieldsandmoreefficientresourceuse,concernsaboutthelong-termsustainabilityofintensivefarmingpracticescontinuetogrow.Thisisprimarilyduetothepotentialforsoildegradation,lossofbiodiversity,andnegativeimpactsonwaterquality,challengesthatnecessitateareevaluationofcurrentagriculturalmethodologies.2.Thephenomenonofurbanheatislands(UHIs),whereurbanareasexperiencesignificantlyhighertemperaturesthansurroundingruralregions,islargelyattributabletothereplacementofnaturalvegetationwithimpervioussurfaceslikeconcreteandasphalt.Thesematerialsabsorbandretainmoreheatthanvegetation,leadingtoelevatedsurfaceandairtemperatures.Additionally,humanactivitieswithincities,suchasenergyconsumptionforheatingandcoolingbuildings,contributetotheoverallwarmingeffect,exacerbatingtheUHIphenomenon,particularlyduringnighttimehours.3.Inrecentdecades,therehasbeenanotableincreaseintheglobalincidenceofvector-bornediseases,suchasmalaria,denguefever,andZikavirus,largelydrivenbyclimatechangeandhumanencroachmentintopreviouslyundisturbedecosystems.Warmertemperaturesandalteredprecipitationpatternscreatemorefavorableconditionsfortheproliferationofdisease-carryinginsectslikemosquitoesandticks,whiledeforestationandhabitatdestructionexpandthecontactbetweenhumansandwildlife,increasingtheriskofzoonotictransmission.4.Thedevelopmentofeffectivevaccineshasbeenacornerstoneofpublichealthstrategiesincombatinginfectiousdiseasesthroughouthistory.However,thetraditionalvaccinedevelopmentprocessisoftenlengthy,costly,andrequiresextensiveanimaltesting.Emergingtechnologies,suchasmRNAvaccineplatforms,offerafasterandmoreadaptableapproach,allowingfortherapiddesignandproductionofvaccinesagainstnovelpathogens,asevidencedbytheirdeploymentinrecentyears.5.Thecognitivebenefitsofbilingualismhavebeenextensivelyresearched,withstudiesconsistentlydemonstratingthatbilingualindividualsoftenexhibitenhancedcognitiveflexibility,improvedproblem-solvingskills,andagreatercapacityformultitaskingcomparedtomonolinguals.Thisisthoughttobeduetotheconstantmentaljugglingrequiredtoswitchbetweenlanguages,whichstrengthensneuralconnectionsandenhancesexecutivefunctions.6.Whilerenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpowerarecrucialformitigatingclimatechange,theirintermittentnaturepresentssignificantchallengesforgridstabilityandenergystorage.Currentbatterytechnologies,whileimproving,oftenfacelimitationsinstoragecapacityandcost,hinderingthewidespreadadoptionofrenewableenergy.Researchintomoreefficientandaffordableenergystoragesolutionsisthereforecriticalforthetransitiontoasustainableenergyfuture.7.TheancientcityofRomeprovidesaremarkablecasestudyfortheprinciplesofsustainableurbanplanning,evenbymodernstandards.Itssophisticatedaqueductsystem,extensivenetworkofvias(roads),anduseoflocallysourcedmaterialsdemonstrateanearlyunderstandingofinfrastructuredevelopment.Furthermore,theincorporationofgreenspacesandthedesignofbuildingsforpassiveheatingandcoolingshowcaseinnovativeapproachestoenvironmentalmanagementthatarestillrelevanttoday.8.Thefieldofartificialintelligence(AI)israpidlyevolving,withadvancementsinmachinelearningalgorithmsenablingmachinestoperformincreasinglycomplextasksthatpreviouslyrequiredhumanintelligence.Thisprogressraisesbothexcitingpossibilitiesforautomationandproductivitygainsandsignificantconcernsregardingjobdisplacement,ethicalimplications,andthepotentialformisuse.CarefulconsiderationandresponsibledevelopmentpracticesareessentialasAItechnologiesbecomemoreintegratedintosociety.9.Thelossofbiodiversityduetohabitatdestruction,climatechange,andpollutionisoneofthemostsignificantthreatsfacingecosystemsworldwide.ThislossnotonlyreducesthevarietyoflifeonEarthbutalsounderminestheessentialservicesthatecosystemsprovide,suchaspollination,waterpurification,andcarbonsequestration.Protectingbiodiversityisthereforecrucialforthehealthandresilienceofbothnaturalenvironmentsandhumansocieties.10.TheRenaissancewasaperiodofprofoundculturalandintellectualchangeinEurope,markedbyarevivalofinterestinthearts,literature,andsciences.ThistransformationwasfueledbyfactorssuchastherediscoveryofancientGreekandRomantexts,theinventionoftheprintingpress,andthepatronageoftheartsbywealthyfamiliesandinstitutions.TheinnovationsandideasthatemergedduringtheRenaissancelaidthegroundworkformodernWesterncivilization.11.Theprocessofglobalizationhasledtoincreasedinterconnectednessandinterdependenceamongcountries,facilitatingtheexchangeofgoods,services,information,andculturalpractices.Whilethishasbroughtnumerousbenefits,suchaseconomicgrowthandculturaldiversity,ithasalsoraisedconcernsaboutinequality,culturalhomogenization,andthepotentialforglobalinstability.Navigatingthecomplexitiesofglobalizationrequirescarefuldiplomacyandcooperationonaglobalscale.12.Thehumanbrainisremarkableinitscomplexityandcapacityforlearningandadaptation.Recentneuroscientificresearchhasutilizedadvancedimagingtechniquestouncovertheintricatenetworksthatunderlievariouscognitivefunctions,frommemoryformationtodecision-making.Understandingtheseneuralmechanismsiscrucialfordevelopingtreatmentsforneurologicalandpsychiatricdisordersandforenhancinghumancognitiveabilities.13.TheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganinthelate18thcentury,markedamajorturningpointinhumanhistory,transformingeconomiesfromagrarianandhandicraft-basedtoindustrialandmanufacturing-based.Thisshiftbroughtaboutunprecedentedeconomicgrowthandtechnologicalinnovationbutalsoledtosignificantsocialandenvironmentalchallenges,suchasurbanization,pollution,andtheexploitationoflabor.ThelegacyoftheIndustrialRevolutioncontinuestoshapethemodernworld.14.Thestudyofhistoricaldocumentsprovidesvaluableinsightsintopastsocietiesandtheircultures,offeringawindowintothethoughts,beliefs,andpracticesofpeoplefromdifferenteras.Archivalresearch,however,oftenfaceschallengessuchasthefragilityofmaterials,thedifficultyofaccessingcertaindocuments,andtheneedforspecializedknowledgetointerprethistoricalcontextsaccurately.Despitethesechallenges,theimportanceofhistoricaldocumentsinunderstandingourpastcannotbeoverstated.15.Thedevelopmentofthescientificmethodduringthe17thcenturyrevolutionizedthewayhumansinvestigatethenaturalworld,shiftingthefocusfromspeculationandauthoritytoobservation,experimentation,andempiricalevidence.Thisapproachhasledtocountlessscientificdiscoveriesandtechnologicaladvancementsthathavetransformedourunderstandingoftheuniverseandourplacewithinit.Thescientificmethodremainsthecornerstoneofmodernscientificinquiry.Section216.TheintricatestructureoftheDNAmolecule,oftendescribedasadoublehelix,iscomposedoftwocomplementarystrandsthatareheldtogetherbyhydrogenbondsbetweennitrogenousbases.Thisarrangementallowsfortheprecisestorageandtransmissionofgeneticinformation,whichisessentialforthedevelopmentandfunctioningofalllivingorganisms.UnderstandingthestructureofDNAhasbeenfundamentaltoadvancementsingeneticsandbiotechnology.17.Theconceptofsupplyanddemandisafundamentalprincipleineconomicsthatexplainshowpricesaredeterminedinamarketeconomy.Accordingtothisprinciple,thepriceofagoodorserviceisinfluencedbytheinteractionbetweenthequantityofthegoodthatproducersarewillingtosupplyandthequantitythatconsumersarewillingtobuy.Whendemandexceedssupply,pricestendtorise,andwhensupplyexceedsdemand,pricestendtofall.18.TheGreatBarrierReef,locatedoffthecoastofAustralia,istheworld'slargestcoralreefsystem,composedofover2,900individualreefsand900islandsstretchingforover2,300kilometers.Thisvastecosystemishometoanincrediblediversityofmarinelife,includingthousandsofspeciesoffish,coral,andotherorganisms.However,theGreatBarrierReefisfacingsignificantthreatsfromclimatechange,pollution,andoverfishing,highlightingtheneedforconservationefforts.19.TheworksofWilliamShakespeare,includingplayssuchas"Hamlet,""Macbeth,"and"RomeoandJuliet,"areconsideredcornerstonesofEnglishliteratureandhavehadaprofoundimpactonthedevelopmentofdramaandpoetry.Shakespeare'splaysexploreawiderangeofthemes,includinglove,ambition,jealousy,andrevenge,andarerenownedfortheirrichlanguage,complexcharacters,andenduringrelevance.20.Theprocessofphotosynthesis,whichoccursinplants,algae,andsomebacteria,isafundamentalbiologicalprocessthatconvertslightenergyintochemicalenergy.Duringphotosynthesis,theseorganismsusesunlight,carbondioxide,andwatertoproduceglucose,asugarthatservesastheirprimarysourceofenergy,andoxygen,whichisreleasedintotheatmosphereasabyproduct.PhotosynthesisisessentialforlifeonEarth,asitprovidestheprimaryenergysourceformostecosystems.21.TheCivilRightsMovementintheUnitedStatesduringthe1950sand1960swasapivotalsocialandpoliticalmovementaimedatendingracialsegregationanddiscriminationagainstAfricanAmericans.LedbyfiguressuchasMartinLutherKingJr.andRosaParks,themovementemployedvarioustactics,includingnonviolentprotests,civildisobedience,andlegalchallenges,tobringaboutsignificantchangesinAmericansocietyandlaw.22.TheRenaissanceperiodinEuropewascharacterizedbyarenewedinterestintheclassicalart,literature,andscienceofancientGreeceandRome.Thisculturalawakeningwasfueledbytherediscoveryofancienttexts,theinventionoftheprintingpress,andthepatronageoftheartsbywealthyfamiliesandinstitutions.TheRenaissancesawtheemergenceofinfluentialartistssuchasLeonardodaVinci,Michelangelo,andRaphael,whoseworkscontinuetobecelebratedfortheirbeautyandinnovation.23.TheIndustrialRevolution,whichbeganinthelate18thcentury,markedamajorturningpointinhumanhistory,transformingeconomiesfromagrarianandhandicraft-basedtoindustrialandmanufacturing-based.Thisshiftbroughtaboutunprecedentedeconomicgrowthandtechnologicalinnovationbutalsoledtosignificantsocialandenvironmentalchallenges,suchasurbanization,pollution,andtheexploitationoflabor.ThelegacyoftheIndustrialRevolutioncontinuestoshapethemodernworld.24.Thetheoryofplatetectonicsrevolutionizedthefieldofgeologyinthe20thcentury,providingaunifiedexplanationforawiderangeofgeologicalphenomena,includingearthquakes,volcanicactivity,andtheformationofmountains.Accordingtothistheory,theEarth'soutershellisdividedintoseverallargeandsmallplatesthatmoverelativetoeachotherovertime,drivenbyconvectioncurrentsintheunderlyingmantle.ThismovementhasshapedtheEarth'ssurfaceovermillionsofyears.25.Thehumanbrainiscapableofremarkablefeatsofmemory,learning,andadaptation,allowingustonavigatethecomplexitiesoftheworldaroundus.Differentregionsofthebrainarespecializedfordifferentfunctions,suchasvision,hearing,movement,andcognitiveprocesseslikememoryanddecision-making.Understandingthestructureandfunctionofthebrainiscrucialforadvancingourknowledgeofhumanbehaviorandfordevelopingtreatmentsforneurologicalandpsychiatricdisorders.試卷答案1.解析思路：首先識(shí)別句子主干“advancementsinagriculturaltechnology...continuetogrow”。然后分析原因狀語從句“duetothepotentialforsoildegradation,lossofbiodiversity,andnegativeimpactsonwaterquality”。最后分析主句中的“necessitateareevaluationofcurrentagriculturalmethodologies”，其中“necessitate”是謂語，“areevaluation”是賓語，“ofcurrentagriculturalmethodologies”是介詞短語作定語修飾“reevaluation”。理解整個(gè)句子的邏輯是：技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來了好處，但也導(dǎo)致了多種環(huán)境問題，這些問題要求重新評估現(xiàn)有農(nóng)業(yè)方法。2.解析思路：句子主干是“urbanheatislands(UHIs)...arelargelyattributabletothereplacementofnaturalvegetationwithimpervioussurfaces”。后面跟著兩個(gè)原因狀語，“Thisislargelyattributableto...”解釋了UHI的原因，“aswellashumanactivities...contributetotheoverallwarmingeffect,exacerbatingtheUHIphenomenon”。第一個(gè)原因狀語分析了UHI的物理成因（熱容量差異），第二個(gè)原因狀語補(bǔ)充了人為因素（能源消耗）。理解句子需要把握UHI的主要成因（地表材質(zhì)變化）和次要成因（人為活動(dòng)），以及時(shí)間上的加?。ㄓ绕湓谝归g）。3.解析思路：句子主干是“therehasbeenanotableincreaseintheglobalincidenceofvector-bornediseases”。接著是一個(gè)由“l(fā)argelydrivenby...andhumanencroachmentinto...”引導(dǎo)的并列原因狀語結(jié)構(gòu)，解釋了疾病增加的原因（氣候變化和人類活動(dòng)破壞生態(tài)）。第一個(gè)原因狀語指向氣候因素對媒介（蚊子、蜱）的影響，第二個(gè)原因狀語指向人類活動(dòng)與野生動(dòng)物接觸增加的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)（人畜共患病）。解析時(shí)需識(shí)別主句和并列的原因狀語，理解氣候變化、人類活動(dòng)與疾病傳播風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系。4.解析思路：句子主干是“thedevelopmentofeffectivevaccineshasbeenacornerstoneofpublichealthstrategies”。后面是“however”引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折，指出傳統(tǒng)方法的缺點(diǎn)。最后是“emergingtechnologies,suchasmRNAvaccineplatforms,offerafasterandmoreadaptableapproach”。解析重點(diǎn)在于轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，理解傳統(tǒng)疫苗開發(fā)（慢、貴、動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)）的局限性，以及mRNA技術(shù)作為一種新興方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)（快、靈活）。句子結(jié)構(gòu)包含主句、轉(zhuǎn)折、以及舉例說明。5.解析思路：句子主干是“thecognitivebenefitsofbilingualismhavebeenextensivelyresearched”。接著是“withstudiesconsistentlydemonstrating...”引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語，列舉研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的具體內(nèi)容（認(rèn)知靈活性、解決問題、多任務(wù)處理）。最后是“thisisthoughttobedueto...”引導(dǎo)的原因狀語，解釋原因（語言切換鍛煉神經(jīng)連接）。解析時(shí)需理清主句（研究多）、伴隨狀語（研究結(jié)果）、原因狀語（結(jié)果解釋）之間的邏輯。6.解析思路：句子主干是“renewableenergysources...arecrucial...buttheirintermittentnaturepresentssignificantchallenges”。后面是“Currentbatterytechnologies...oftenfacelimitations...hinderingthewidespreadadoption...”。最后是“researchinto...isthereforecritical...”。解析重點(diǎn)在于轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系（優(yōu)點(diǎn)vs缺點(diǎn)），以及因果關(guān)系（電池限制導(dǎo)致應(yīng)用受阻，因此需要研究新電池）。句子包含讓步、原因、結(jié)果等邏輯關(guān)系。7.解析思路：句子主干是“theancientcityofRomeprovidesaremarkablecasestudy”。后面是“fortheprinciplesofsustainableurbanplanning”作介詞賓語，說明研究內(nèi)容。接著是“whichhasledto...”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾Rome。從句內(nèi)部又包含兩個(gè)并列的現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，“showcasinginnovativeapproaches...thatarestillrelevanttoday”。解析時(shí)需識(shí)別主句、介詞短語、定語從句、以及結(jié)果狀語，理解羅馬城市設(shè)計(jì)在可持續(xù)性方面的例子及其現(xiàn)代意義。8.解析思路：句子主干是“thefieldofartificialintelligence(AI)israpidlyevolving”。后面是“withadvancementsin...enablingmachinestoperform...”引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，說明AI發(fā)展帶來的能力提升。最后是“thisprogressraisesboth...and...concerns...”。解析重點(diǎn)在于理解現(xiàn)在分詞短語表明的因果關(guān)系，以及最后由“both...and...”連接的并列名詞作賓語，表達(dá)AI發(fā)展帶來的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。9.解析思路：句子主干是“biodiversity...isoneofthemostsignificantthreatsfacingecosystemsworldwide”。后面是“thisloss...undermines...”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾“biodiversityloss”，說明其后果。最后是“Protectingbiodiversityisthereforecrucial...”。解析時(shí)需識(shí)別主句、定語從句、以及原因狀語從句（“dueto...”被省略但隱含），理解生物多樣性喪失的原因、后果和重要性。10.解析思路：句子主干是“theRenaissancewasaperiodofprofoundculturalandintellectualchangeinEurope”。后面是“markedby...”引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語，列舉特征（藝術(shù)、文學(xué)、科學(xué)復(fù)興）。接著是“thistransformationwasfueledby...”引導(dǎo)的過去分詞短語作原因狀語，解釋原因（古希臘羅馬文本、印刷術(shù)、贊助）。最后是“...laidthegroundworkfor...”。解析需理清主句（定義文藝復(fù)興）、分詞短語（特征）、原因狀語（驅(qū)動(dòng)因素）和結(jié)果狀語（歷史意義）。11.解析思路：句子主干是“theprocessofglobalizationhasledtoincreasedinterconnectedness...”。后面是“facilitatingtheexchangeof...”引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語，說明全球化帶來的結(jié)果。接著是“whilethishasbrought...ithasalsoraisedconcerns...”。解析重點(diǎn)在于“while”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，對比全球化的好處和壞處。最后是“requirescarefuldiplomacy...”。解析時(shí)需理解主句（全球化導(dǎo)致聯(lián)系增強(qiáng)）、結(jié)果狀語、讓步狀語（利弊對比）和原因狀語（需要應(yīng)對）。12.解析思路：句子主干是“thehumanbrainisremarkable...”。后面是“initscomplexity...”作介詞短語作狀語，說明原因。接著是“Recentneuroscientificresearchhasutilized...touncover...”。最后是“understandingtheseneuralmechanismsiscrucialfor...”。解析時(shí)需識(shí)別主句、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞短語（研究進(jìn)展），以及目的狀語從句（理解機(jī)制的重要性）。13.解析思路：句子主干是“theIndustrialRevolution...markedamajorturningpoint...”。后面是“transformingeconomies...to...”引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語，說明革命帶來的變化。接著是“butalsoledto...challenges...”。解析重點(diǎn)在于“transforming...”和“l(fā)edto...”并列，分別描述工業(yè)革命的積極和消極影響。最后是“continuestoshape...”。解析時(shí)需理解主句（工業(yè)革命是轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)）、分詞短語（帶來的變化）、并列結(jié)構(gòu)（雙重影響）和結(jié)果狀語（持續(xù)影響）。14.解析思路：句子主干是“thestudyofhistoricaldocumentsprovidesvaluableinsights...”。后面是“intopastsocieties...”作介詞賓語。接著是“Archivalresearch,however,oftenfaceschallenges...”。解析重點(diǎn)在于“however”引導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)折，對比研究價(jià)值與實(shí)際困難。后面是“despitethesechallenges...theimportance...cannotbeoverstated”。解析時(shí)需理解主句（研究價(jià)值）、轉(zhuǎn)折（實(shí)際困難）、讓步狀語從句（盡管困難）和結(jié)果（重要性）。15.解析思路：句子主干是“thedevelopmentofthescientificmethod...revolutionizedthewayhumansinvestigate...”。后面是“shiftingthefocusfrom...to...”引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語，說明方法變革的具體表現(xiàn)。接著是“thisapproachhasledto...countless...advancements...”。最后是“thescientificmethodremainsthecornerstoneof...”。解析時(shí)需識(shí)別主句（科學(xué)方法的發(fā)展帶來革命）、分詞短語（變革表現(xiàn)）、結(jié)果狀語（帶來的成果）和結(jié)論狀語（核心地位）。16.解析思路：句子主干是“theintricatestructureoftheDNAmolecule...iscomposedoftwocomplementarystrands”。后面是“thatareheldtogetherbyhydrogenbondsbetweennitrogenousbases”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾“strands”。解析重點(diǎn)在于理解主句（DNA結(jié)構(gòu)由兩條互補(bǔ)鏈組成）和定語從句（鏈之間的連接方式），以及DNA雙螺旋模型的基本構(gòu)成。17.解析思路：句子主干是“theconceptofsupplyanddemandisafundamentalprincipleineconomics”。后面是“whichexplainshowpricesaredetermined...”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，解釋概念內(nèi)容。從句內(nèi)部包含“when...pricestendtorise,andwhen...pricestendtofall”的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，描述價(jià)格變動(dòng)規(guī)律。解析時(shí)需理解主句（供求概念）、定語從句（概念解釋）、以及從句內(nèi)的并列條件句（價(jià)格決定機(jī)制）。18.解析思路：句子主干是“theGreatBarrierReef...istheworld'slargestcoralreefsystem”。后面是“composedof...”引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾“reefsystem”。接著是“thisvastecosystemishometo...”。最后是“however,theGreatBarrierReefisfacingsignificantthreatsfrom...highlightingtheneedfor...”。解析時(shí)需識(shí)別主句（大堡礁是最大珊瑚礁系統(tǒng)）、分詞短語（構(gòu)成）、結(jié)果狀語（生物多樣性），以及轉(zhuǎn)折（面臨威脅）、原因（威脅來源）和結(jié)論（保護(hù)需求）。19.解析思路：句子主干是“theworksofWilliamShakespeare...areconsideredcornerstonesofEnglishliterature”。后面是“includingplayssuchas...”引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在分詞短語作補(bǔ)充說明。接著是“Shake