專題10閱讀理解長難句分析與C篇精析目錄TOC\o"12"\h\u考情分析與命題趨勢 1知識體系構(gòu)建 2考點(diǎn)精析與突破 4考點(diǎn)一：理解中長難句式主要特征（重點(diǎn)） 4考點(diǎn)二：閱讀理解C篇閱讀技巧解析（難點(diǎn)） 8實(shí)戰(zhàn)精練與提升 23考情解讀一、考試要求高考閱讀文章均選自外刊，“原汁原昧”。近年來，高考英語閱讀理解長難句出現(xiàn)頻率較高，且難度呈上升趨勢。文章長度增加，復(fù)雜句式和生詞量增多，對綜合閱讀能力要求明顯提高。題材與體裁關(guān)聯(lián)：高考英語閱讀理解選材以國外原版期刊和網(wǎng)站文章為主，覆蓋科技前沿、社會熱點(diǎn)、文化對比等題材。體裁上說明文占比超50%以上，這些體裁往往需要運(yùn)用長難句來準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)復(fù)雜的信息和邏輯關(guān)系，對考生的長句分析能力要求較高。設(shè)題特點(diǎn)：一篇閱讀理解中通常會有5到6個長難句，且命題者常在此設(shè)題，部分長難句可能是題眼所在，答案往往通過對長難句的同義替換得出，考查考生對句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語義的理解以及對關(guān)鍵信息的提取能力。語料外刊化：高考閱讀文章均選自外刊，“原汁原昧”，尤其上海高考英語閱讀C篇除了生詞量大、篇幅長、信息量大以外．就是文中句子結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，攙雜了大量的，對長難句的理解會直接影響我們的閱讀水平。那么如何破解閱讀理解中的長難句？？？二、命題分析（以C篇為例）維度具體分析語篇特征

體裁：以說明文（科技前沿、社會現(xiàn)象剖析）、議論文（社會議題辯論、文化價(jià)值思辨）為主

話題：聚焦科技倫理（如基因編輯爭議）、社會熱點(diǎn)（如共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的利弊）、文化思辨（如全球化與本土文化認(rèn)同）

結(jié)構(gòu)與語言：長度400600詞，長難句密集（多含多重從句、非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)），學(xué)術(shù)性詞匯占比高（如“cognitivebias認(rèn)知偏差”“sustainabledevelopment可持續(xù)發(fā)展”），邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)（多為“論點(diǎn)論據(jù)結(jié)論”或“現(xiàn)象原因影響”框架）核心考查

題型：推理判斷題占比超40%（推斷作者觀點(diǎn)、隱含意義、論證意圖）；主旨大意題（概括段落/全文核心觀點(diǎn)）；詞義猜測題（學(xué)術(shù)術(shù)語、抽象表達(dá)的語境含義）；細(xì)節(jié)理解題（需深度解讀復(fù)雜表述）

能力：側(cè)重邏輯思維（分析論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)的關(guān)聯(lián)性）、批判性思維（評價(jià)論證的合理性）、長難句解構(gòu)能力（提取核心信息）、學(xué)術(shù)詞匯的語境辨析能力命題特色

思辨性突出：設(shè)問強(qiáng)調(diào)辯證分析，如“技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是否會加劇社會不平等”

跨學(xué)科融合：文本融合多學(xué)科知識，如“心理學(xué)與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)交叉的消費(fèi)行為研究”

文化浸潤：融入中國文化議題的思辨，如“中國古典詩詞的現(xiàn)代傳播價(jià)值”

干擾性強(qiáng)：選項(xiàng)常通過“偷換概念”“以偏概全”“邏輯顛倒”設(shè)置陷阱，考查精準(zhǔn)判斷能力知識梳理考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)一：高考閱讀理解中長難句式主要特征解題策略方法一：較復(fù)雜單句的處理方法——找主謂語，即找主干成分方法二：并列復(fù)合句的處理方法——找并列連詞方法三：主從復(fù)合句的處理方法——找從屬連詞方法四：并列和主從復(fù)合句并存的處理方法——先讀懂并列復(fù)合句，再看主從復(fù)合句長難句表現(xiàn)形式高考閱讀理解的文章一般會有一些結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子，增加了句子的長度和難度，干擾了學(xué)生正常的閱讀速度和思維方式。一、較多復(fù)合句（含多層從句嵌套）例句：Scientistsbelievethatifwecontinuetoprotectthenaturalhabitatsofpandas,whicharecurrentlyfacingthreatsfromhumanactivities,theselovelyanimalswillhaveabetterchanceofsurvivinginthewild.結(jié)構(gòu)成分分析：1.主句：Scientistsbelieve（主語：Scientists；謂語：believe；后接賓語從句，整體作“believe”的內(nèi)容）。2.continue...will...chance...continue...,theselovelyanimalswill...（核心是“theselovelyanimalswillhaveabetterchance...”，前面嵌套了條件狀語從句）。3.條件狀語從句（第二層嵌套）：ifwecontinuetoprotectthenaturalhabitatsofpandas（if引導(dǎo)，表“如果”，核心結(jié)構(gòu)“wecontinuetoprotect...”，說明“熊貓生存更好”的前提）。4.非限制性定語從句（第二層嵌套）：whicharecurrentlyfacingthreatsfromhumanactivities（which指代“thenaturalhabitatsofpandas”，補(bǔ)充說明棲息地面臨的問題）。核心邏輯：主句+賓語從句（含條件狀語從句+定語從句），共3層結(jié)構(gòu)，需先找到“believe”“willhave”兩個核心謂語，再拆分從句從屬關(guān)系。二、分隔結(jié)構(gòu)或插入成份（打斷句子主干）例句：Thenovel,writtenbyayoungauthorwhohasjustgraduatedfromalocaluniversity,tellsamovingstoryaboutfamilybonds.結(jié)構(gòu)成分分析：1.句子主干（被分隔）：Thenoveltellsamovingstoryaboutfamilybonds（主語：Thenovel；謂語：tells；賓語：amovingstory；“aboutfamilybonds”作賓語定語，主干本應(yīng)是連貫的“主語+謂語+賓語”）。2.插入的分隔成分：writtenbyayoungauthorwhohasjustgraduatedfromalocaluniversity（包含兩個部分：過去分詞短語“writtenbyayoungauthor”：作后置定語，修飾“thenovel”，說明小說的作者；定語從句“whohasjustgraduated...”：修飾“ayoungauthor”，補(bǔ)充作者的身份，整體插入主干的“主語”和“謂語”之間，打斷了原有的連貫結(jié)構(gòu)）。核心邏輯：先忽略插入成分，找到“thenoveltells...”的主干，再回頭分析插入部分對“novel”和“author”的修飾內(nèi)容。三、成分省略或倒裝（改變常規(guī)語序）1.成分省略（以狀語從句省略為例）例句：Whilereadingthenewspaper,myfatherfoundaninterestingreportaboutenvironmentalprotection.結(jié)構(gòu)成分分析：1.完整句子（未省略）：Whilemyfatherwasreadingthenewspaper,myfatherfoundaninterestingreportaboutenvironmentalprotection（原句是while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，從句主語“myfather”與主句主語一致，且從句含be動詞“was”）。2.省略部分：從句中的主語“myfather”和be動詞“was”，省略后變成“Whilereadingthenewspaper”，僅保留分詞“reading”，符合“主從句主語一致時，可省略從句主語+be動詞”的規(guī)則。3.主句：myfatherfoundaninterestingreportaboutenvironmentalprotection（主語：myfather；謂語：found；賓語：aninterestingreport；“aboutenvironmentalprotection”作賓語定語）。2.倒裝（以否定詞置于句首的部分倒裝為例）例句：NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulsunsetinmylife.結(jié)構(gòu)成分分析：1.正常語序：Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulsunsetinmylife（主語：I；謂語：haveseen；賓語：suchabeautifulsunset；“never”作頻度狀語，本應(yīng)放在“have”和“seen”之間）。2.倒裝變化：否定詞“Never”置于句首，觸發(fā)部分倒裝，需將助動詞“have”提到主語“I”之前，形成“NeverhaveIseen...”的結(jié)構(gòu)，倒裝僅改變“助動詞+主語”的順序，謂語動詞“seen”位置不變。破解長難句方法找謂語，定主語一般情況下，一個謂語形式的動詞對應(yīng)其動作的發(fā)出者（主語），我們可以根據(jù)謂語動詞的意義來確定其主語。而且，如果一個句子中出現(xiàn)兩個或兩個以上的謂語形式的動詞，則該句可以是并列句或復(fù)合句（并列謂語動詞的情況除外）。如Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperimentalthoughnoonehadproposedtodosoandaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithremendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.【簡析】_______________________________________________________句意：_______________________________________________________提主干，去枝葉（從句等）一般情況下，一個句子中的主句所表達(dá)的信息為主要信息，從句所表達(dá)的信息為次要信息。若句子的主干提煉不出來，就不能完全把握句子的核心意義，從而導(dǎo)致思維混亂，主次不分。如：First

put

forward

by

the

French

mathematician

PierredeFormatinthe17thcentury，thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds，includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem，andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobe

able

to

study

at

theEcolabPolytechnique.【簡析】_______________________________________________________句意：_______________________________________________________尋關(guān)聯(lián)，辨邏輯一些長句其實(shí)是由若干分句組成的并列句或復(fù)合句。而這些并列句或復(fù)合句之間需要一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞來連接。如果我們找準(zhǔn)這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞，就能夠分辨出句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，分別弄清主句的意義和從句的意義，則長句就容易對付得多了。要掌握此方法必須對英語中的常見的關(guān)聯(lián)詞諳熟于心。Whereasawoman’sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage,itwasn’tunusualtohearamansayhedidn’tknowhisfriend’smarriage

was

inserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecould

sleeponthesofa.【簡析】_______________________________________________________句意：_______________________________________________________看搭配，防隔離有時一個長句或難句是由一個或多個搭配構(gòu)成，而且這些搭配中常常出現(xiàn)分隔現(xiàn)象。讀者若受分隔現(xiàn)象的干擾而看不清句子的本來面目，則對句意的理解就會發(fā)生偏差。如：Somepanieshavemadethemanufacturingofcleanandsafeproducts，tosomedegree，theirmainsellingpointsandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.【簡析】_______________________________________________________句意：_______________________________________________________關(guān)鍵詞，抓線索有時某些句子句意模糊，讀者理不清頭緒，這時讀者只能依靠關(guān)鍵詞來抓，從而在大體上搞清楚句意?？傊?，在碰到長句和難句時，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活運(yùn)用上述方法，在平時閱讀過程中要加強(qiáng)對長句和難句的句法分析訓(xùn)練。有時要幾種方法綜合使用才能正確理解句意。如：Weevenhavedifferentwordsforsomefood，meatinparticular,dependingonwhetheritisstilloutinthefieldsorathomereadytobecooked,which

shows

thefactthattheSaxonpeasantsweredoingthefarming,whiletheupperclassNormansweredoingmostoftheeating.【簡析】_______________________________________________________句意：_______________________________________________________考點(diǎn)二：高考閱讀理解C篇閱讀技巧解析閱讀理解答題技巧（以C篇說明文或議論文為例）高考閱讀理解常見的設(shè)題形式有：詞義猜測題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、作者態(tài)度題和主旨大意題。題型不同，答題技巧也就有差異。下面就不同題型的答題技巧作一點(diǎn)簡分析。1、詞義猜測題技巧在高考閱讀題中，考生遇到的最大障礙往往有兩個：一是被已認(rèn)識的單詞的某一熟知含義所誤導(dǎo)；二是被完全不認(rèn)識的單詞的意思所阻礙，從而出現(xiàn)理解偏差或理解困難，影響閱讀的速度。其實(shí)解決這兩個困難的一個重要法寶是考生在心目中樹立起上下文觀念，要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。此類考題目要求考生能根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準(zhǔn)確含義。一般提問方式如下：1)Theword“ABC”inthepassageprobablymeans________.2)Theunderlinedword“ABC”inthepassagerefersto/means_______.3)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？4)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．5)Theword"it（them）"inthefirstparagraphrefersto____．【例題】（2024金山一模C篇）It’snotunheardofforoneeventtokickoffawholenewfieldofscientificinquiry.Stillit’srare.WhenLorimer’spapercameoutinthejournal,itwasnotsurprisingthatmanywereskeptical.“Sometimes,whatseemslikearemarkablescientificdiscoveryturnsouttobeanerrorinthedata,”somemented.63.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinparagraph3?A.Optimistic. B.Curious. C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.【例題】（2024年普陀區(qū)一模C篇）Whatisthepointoflookingdecadesintospaceandstrugglingtoexplorethevastnessoftheuniverse?Thedevelopmentofthespaceindustryhasbroughthumansmanybenefits,themostimportantofwhichisthespreadofinformation.ThecellphonesignalandTVsignalpeopleusenowareallbenefitingfromthedevelopmentofthespaceindustry.Theultimategoalofmankindistogodeeperintospace,andtoexploremoreunknownworlds,thatis,theMoon,Marsandbeyond,andwhathumanityiseagertoachieveisamonhomeoffreedomandequality.66.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinthelastparagraphmean?A.Studyingspaceforcountlessyears. B.Livinginspaceformanyyears.C.Exploringspaceforsometenyears. D.Observingspaceforseveraltenyears.2、細(xì)節(jié)題技巧細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般采用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對比，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率，節(jié)省了寶貴的時間。尋讀法還特別適用于對圖形表格類題材的理解。做此類型的題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。此類考題主要針對文章的細(xì)節(jié)，一般提問方式如下：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheinformationinthepassage?Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?Choosetherightorderofthispassage.Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.)...Fromthispassageweknowthat________.Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat______.【例題】（2024黃埔一模C篇）①Agroupof41statesandtheDistrictofColumbiabeganalegalcaseagainstMeta,theparentpanyofFacebook,Instagram,WhatsAppandMessenger,insistingthatthepanyknowinglyusedfeaturesonitsplatformstocausechildrentooverusethem.Theaccusationsinthelawsuitraiseadeeperquestionaboutbehavior:Areyoungpeoplebeingaddictedtosocialmediaandtheinternet?Here’swhattheresearchhasfound.63. WhatwasMetaaccusedof?A.Itaddedproblematicfeaturestoitsplatform.B.Itstartedadiscussiontomisleadyoungpeople.C.Ittemptedchildrentousesocialmediatoomuch.D.Itconductedillegalresearchonitsparentpany.3、推斷題技巧推理是在既有信息的基礎(chǔ)上得出合乎文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)涵意義，即某一問題、某一觀點(diǎn)沒有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行間，要求通過文中信息分析推出某種符合作者思想、符合文章邏輯的內(nèi)涵意義。推斷則是指通過對文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷題推斷得正確與否，很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語氣及觀點(diǎn)。此類考題一般針對短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識，文章中雖然沒有明確的答案，但考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上可以進(jìn)行推理和判斷其答案。一般提問方式如下：1)Theauthorimplied（suggested）that．．．2)Wecaninferfromthetextthat_______.3)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.4)Itmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethat．．．5)Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport？6)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe___.【例題】（2024閔行一模C篇）Undeniably,peoplemaysucceedinfakingtheirwaythroughtheprocess.Andtheremaybemoreroomforinterviewers’prejudicetoemerge.Findingsomeoneannoyingmaybeasignalthatsomeonelackssocialskills.Butitmayalsomeanthattheyarenervousorthatinterviewersarebadtempered.Recruitmentissettochangeandisunlikelytobeelesschallenging.66.Whatcanbeimpliedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Integratingsoftskillsassessmentintoahiringprocesswon’tintroducesideeffects.B.Employeesinlowerpositionsmayprovideuselessinsightsintoapplicants’softskills.C.Interviewers’prejudicemayinfluencetheirfairassessmentsandperceptionsofcandidates.D.Thereisnopossibilityofindividualssuccessfullydeceivingothersduringtheinterview.4、作者態(tài)度題技巧這一類考題大都要求考生就作者對論述對象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷，如作者對所陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對，還是猶豫不定，對記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來，而往往隱含在字里行間。因此，進(jìn)行這種推斷時，我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辭，尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語。此類題目的主要提問方式是一般提問方式如下：What'sthewriter's/author'sattitudeto/towards...?Theauthor’stonewouldbebestdescribedas_______.Theattitudeof...to/towards...is.【例題】（2024奉賢一模C篇）Deepoceansamplesrevealedsignificantclimatechangearound66.3millionyearsago.ButthisalsocoincideswithalargevolcaniceruptioninIndiacalledtheDeccanvolcanism,whichproducedsomeofthelongestlava(熔巖)flowsonEarth.“We’vealwaysowedthattransitiontothecarbondioxidereleasedbytheDeccanvolcanismandtheincreaseofgreenhousegases,”saysJohnson.“Therearetwothingshappening:Themagneticfieldischanging,theDeccanvolcanismishappening,andthere’sclimatewarming.Sothatwouldbeanexampleofcoincidentalclimatechange.”66.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesKirkJohnsonmostprobablyagreewith?A.Amagneticreversaldoesn’tnecessarilycauseclimatechange.B.AmagneticreversalisacpaniedwithsignificantclimatechangeC.Theextinctionofthedinosaursisduetothemagneticreversal.D.Climatechangeisnotrelevanttothecarbondioxideemission.附：閱讀理解中表示作者態(tài)度的高頻詞匯positive肯定的,積極的passive被動的，消極的negative消極的supportive支持的disapproving不贊成的critical批評的conservative保守的suspicious可疑的，懷疑的puzzled/confused困惑的subjective主觀的objective客觀的neutral中立的concerned關(guān)心的，有關(guān)的optimistic樂觀的pessimistic悲觀的indifferent漠不關(guān)心的unconcerned不關(guān)心的5、主旨大意題技巧這種題型要求考生能夠把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心；要求能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大，屬于高層次題。一般主旨大意題可以分為兩類：1．確定文章的標(biāo)題和主題(titleortopic)；2.主題句（topicsentence）及主旨大意(mainidea)的概括。常見的標(biāo)題型題干：1)

Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe________.2)

Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled

______.3)

Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?4)What’sthetopicofthearticle?常見的主題句和主旨型題干：1)Whatisthetopicsentenceofthepassage?2)

Thisarticle/text/passagemainlytellsthat_____________.3)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?4)Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?【例題】（2024年松江區(qū)一模C篇）Antibiotics,whichcandestroyorpreventthegrowthofbacteriaandcureinfections,arevitaltomodernmedicine.Theirabilitytokillbacteriawithoutharmingthepatienthassavedbillionsoflivesandmadesurgicalproceduresmuchsafer.Butafterdecadesofoveruse,theirpowersarefading.Somebacteriahaveevolvedresistance,creatingagrowingarmyofsuperbugs,againstwhichthereislittleeffectivetreatment.Antimicrobial(抗菌的)resistance,expectedtokill10millionpeopleayearby2050upfromaround1millionin2019,hasbeenseenasacrisisbymany.66.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Governmentsfailtostoptheuseofantibiotics.B.Phagescouldhelppreventanantibioticscrisis.C.Developmentofantibioticsislimitedbyphages.D.Antimicrobialresistancecallsfornewantibiotics.高考閱讀理解長難句解析（以C篇說明文或議論文為例）（2025·上海奉賢·二模）Thetechnologicalsingularity(技術(shù)奇點(diǎn))isatheoreticalscenariowheretechnologicalgrowthbeesuncontrollableandirreversible,leadingtoprofoundandunpredictablechangestohumancivilization.Intheory,thisphenomenonisdrivenbytheemergenceofartificialintelligence(AI)thatsurpasseshumancognitive(認(rèn)知的)capabilitiesandcanautonomouslyenhanceitself.Thetheorysuggeststhatsuchadvancementscouldevolveatapacesorapidthathumanswouldbeunabletoforeseeorstoptheprocess.Theimplicationsofreachingthissingularitypointcouldbegoodordisastrousforthehumanrace.Fornow,theconceptstayswithintheboundariesofsciencefiction,butnonetheless,it’sstillworththinkingaboutwhatsuchafuturemightlooklike,sothathumanitymightsteerAIdevelopmentinsuchawayastopromoteitscivilizationalinterests.Thetimelineforreachingthetechnologicalsingularityisasubjectofmuchdebateamongexperts.RayKurzweil,oneofthemostvocaladvocatesofthesingularity,hasfamouslypredictedthatthesingularityisnearandwillhappenby2045.HispredictionisbasedontrendssuchasMoore’slawandtheincreasingrateoftechnologicaladvancementsinfieldssuchasputing,Alandbiotechnology.Otherexpertscastmoredoubtonthepredictionorproposedifferenttimelines.SomesuggestthatwhileAlwillcontinuetoadvance,theplexitiesandunforeseenchallengesofachievingsuperintelligencemightdelaythesingularitybeyondthiscentury,ifithappensatall.SystemstheoristRichardCoren,inhisbookTheEvolutionaryTrajectory,projectsasingularityin2140.Technological,ethicalandregulatorychallengesmightallpotentiallyslowthepaceofAIdevelopment.Moreover,figuressuchasRomanYampolskiypointoutthatpredictingtheexacttimelineisextremelydifficultduetotheexceptionalnatureofthesingularityitself.Thedevelopmentsleadingtoasingularityinvolvemanyvariables,includingbreakthroughsinAIalgorithms,hardwarecapabilitiesandsocictalfactorsthatarehardtoforecastwithaccuracy.EamonnHealy,aprofessoratSt.Edward’sUniversity,assumestheevolution,particularlyintermsoftechnologicalandintellectualadvancement,isproceedingataneverincreasingpace,pressingwhatusedtotakemillenniaintocenturiesandevenshortertimeframes.Thisconceptoftheacceleration(加速)oftechnologicaladvancementsechoestheviewsoffuturistssuchasRayKurzweil,whopredictthatsuchchangesmightoccuraroundthemid21stcentury.1．Theunderlinedword“steer”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto_________.A．quicken B．restrict C．direct D．predict2．Ifanexpertforeseesthesingularityinlessthan30years,whomightheteamupwith?A．RayKurzweilandRichardCoren.B．EamonnHealyandRayKurzweil.C．RomanYampolskiyandEamonnHealy.D．RichardCorenandRomanYampolskiy.3．WhatbestdescribesRomanYampolskiy’sattitudetowardpredictingthesingularity?A．Reserved. B．Optimistic. C．Indifferent. D．Neutral.4．Whichstatementbestsummarizesthepassage?A．Thesingularityisaguaranteedeventwithclearbenefits.B．Thesingularity’stimelincandimplicationsremainuncertain.C．Expertsagreethesingularitywilloccurby2045withoutdelay.D．AIdevelopmentisacceleratedduetoregulatoryobstacles.長難句1原句：Thetechnologicalsingularity(技術(shù)奇點(diǎn))isatheoreticalscenariowheretechnologicalgrowthbeesuncontrollableandirreversible,leadingtoprofoundandunpredictablechangestohumancivilization.句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析：中文翻譯：長難句2原句：SomesuggestthatwhileAlwillcontinuetoadvance,theplexitiesandunforeseenchallengesofachievingsuperintelligencemightdelaythesingularitybeyondthiscentury,ifithappensatall.句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析：中文翻譯：長難句3原句：EamonnHealy,aprofessoratSt.Edward’sUniversity,assumestheevolution,particularlyintermsoftechnologicalandintellectualadvancement,isproceedingataneverincreasingpace,pressingwhatusedtotakemillenniaintocenturiesandevenshortertimeframes.句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析：中文翻譯：（2025·上海閔行·二模）Foryears,peoplehavewonderedwhethercreativityisarare,inborngiftoraskillthatanyonecandevelop.Whilesomeindividualsappearnaturallygiftedinartisticorintellectualpursuits,recentstudieschallengethelongheldbeliefthatcreativityisauniquegiftpossessedbyaselectfew.Instead,thesestudiessuggestthatcreativityisnotamysteriousquality,butaskillthatcanbedevelopedthroughpurposefulpractice,persistence,andtherightmindset.Takeayoungmusicianwithmoderatetalent.Studieshaveshownthatexpertmusiciansengageinapracticemethodknownas“deeppractice,”whichinvolvesbreakingplexpiecesintosmallerparts,repeatingchallengingsections,andidentifyingmistakeswithfocusedattention.Thismethodforcesthebraintoformnewbrainconnections,enhancingbothtechnicalabilityandoriginality.Incontrast,merelyplayingapiecerepeatedlywithoutanalyzingmistakesdoeslittletoencouragecreativity.Beyondpractice,creativitygrowsinenvironmentsthatencourageexplorationandproblemsolving.Manybreakthroughsinmusic,science,andartdonotemergefromsuddeninspirationbutratherfromsustainedeffortandexperimentation.Aposermightspendweekstestingdifferentchord(和弦)progressionsbeforediscoveringauniquebination.Similarly,ascientistmayconductnumerousfailedexperimentsbeforeuncoveringagroundbreakingsolution.ThomasEdison,forexample,famouslysaidthathissuccesswasbuilton“1,000waysthatwon’twork”beforeinventingthelightbulb(燈泡).Psychologistshavefoundthatindividualswhoadopta“growthmindset”—thebeliefthatabilitiescanbeimprovedthrougheffort—aremorelikelytoachievecreativesuccess.Ratherthanviewingfailureasasignofpersonallimitation,theytreatitasanopportunitytoimprovetheirskills.Thisperspectiveallowsthemtopushpastfrustrationandcontinueexperimentinguntiltheyreachabreakthrough.Incontrast,thosewitha“fixedmindset”tendtobelievethatcreativityisaninbornquality,leadingthemtogiveupmoreeasilywhenfacedwithchallenges.Whilenaturaltalentmaygiveaninitialadvantage,itisnotthedeterminingfactorinlongtermsuccess.Thebrain’sadaptabilityallowsanyonetodevelopcreativitypotentialthroughcontinuouspracticeandlearning.1．Inparagraph1,theauthor’smainargumentisintroducedby_________.A．presentingthelongheldbelief B．providingexamplesofcreativeindividualsC．contrastingtwoopposingviews D．sharingpersonalexperiences2．TheroleoftheexampleofThomasEdisoninparagraph3is_________.A．toillustratethatfailurecanleadtosuccessB．toshowthatperseveranceisessentialforcreativityC．toemphasizethatsuccessdependsontheinitialtalentD．toarguethatfailureisthemainsourceofcreativity3．Accordingtothepassage,howdoesa“growthmindset”helpcreativity?A．Ithelpspeoplepersistthroughdifficultiesandimprove.B．Itallowsindividualstobelievetheyarenaturallygifted.C．Itencouragespeopletomakefulluseofeveryopportunity.D．Itensuresthatalleffortsleadtoimmediatesuccess.4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Hownaturaltalentdeterminescreativity. B．Theroleofdeeppracticeincreativesuccess.C．Theconnectionbetweenfailureandinspiration. D．Thedevelopmentofcreativityasaskill.長難句1原句：Whilesomeindividualsappearnaturallygiftedinartisticorintellectualpursuits,recentstudieschallengethelongheldbeliefthatcreativityisauniquegiftpossessedbyaselectfew.句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析：中文翻譯：長難句2原句：Studieshaveshownthatexpertmusiciansengageinapracticemethodknownas“deeppractice,”whichinvolvesbreakingplexpiecesintosmallerparts,repeatingchallengingsections,andidentifyingmistakeswithfocusedattention.句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析：中文翻譯：長難句3原句：Psychologistshavefoundthatindividualswhoadopta“growthmindset”—thebeliefthatabilitiescanbeimprovedthrougheffort—aremorelikelytoachievecreativesuccess.句式結(jié)構(gòu)分析：中文翻譯：戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練一、名校最新試題Passage01【說明文】【來源】2026屆上海市楊浦區(qū)復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期模擬試題Inrecentmonths,thecoronaviruspandemichassenttheworldintoastateofconfusion.Opinionsonhowtodealwiththisdeadlynewvirusareasnumerousasthestarsinthesky.However,there’satleastonethingthatmostpeopleseemtoagreeonthatwashingone’shandsisaneffectivewayofstayingsafeandhealthy.Mostpeoplewouldbesosurprisedtolearnthattheideaofhandwashingwasoncefairlycontroversial(有爭議的).Atonetime,newmothersusedtodieofadiseaseknownaschildbedfevershortlyaftergivingbirth.Inthe1840s,IgnazSemmelweis,aHungariandoctorworkingattheViennaGeneralHospital,becameinterestedinthisproblemandbeganlookingforasolution.Afterrealizingthatdoctorsandmedicalstudentshadbeenhandlingdeadbodiesbeforedeliveringbabies,Semmelweisputintopracticeahandwashingprocedureforalldoctors,nurses,andmedicalstudents.ThoughDr.Semmelweis’proceduregreatlyreducedthenumberofdeathsbychildbedfever,otherdoctorsrejectedhistheoryandevenhisownhospitaleventuallyabandonedthepractice.Semmelweis,however,stillfirmlybelievedinhandwashingandpublishedabookonthesubject,buthisideaswereneverfullyaccepted.Sadly,hishealthbegantoworseninthe1860sandSemmelweisdiedinmentalinstitutionbeforehecouldseehisidearecognized.Aroundthe1870s,ScottishsurgeonsundertheguidanceofDr.JosephListerbeganthepracticeofcleaningtheirhandsandsurgicalinstrumentsthoroughlybeforesurgery.Notlongafter,manyinthemedicalmunitybegantorecognizetheearlierworkofSemmelweis.UniversityofBudapestchangeditsnametoSemmelweisUniversity,inhonorofhisdevotiontoimprovinghealthcarebywayofcleanliness.1．Thispassageismostlikelytobefoundina________.A．sciencefictionbooksetinHungary B．journalonthehistoryofmedicineC．biographyofDr.JosephLister D．reportonhowtotreatcoronavirus2．WhatwastheinitialresultofDr.Semmelweis’practice?A．Childbedfeverdisappeared. B．Farmorebabiessurvived.C．Fewerwomendiedafterchildbirth. D．Surgeonsstoppedtouchingdeadbodies.3．Whichofthefollowingordersiscorrectaboutthehistoryofhandwashingtheory?A．Acceptance→Publication→Approval→Award.B．Proposal→Approval→Publication→Application.C．Publication→Acceptance→Application→Doubt.D．Application→Rejection→Publication→Recognition.4．WhichofthestatementsisFALSEaboutSemmelweis?A．Hedidn’tseehistheorywidelyacceptedinhislifetime.B．Hisbookplayedadecisiveroleinmakinghisworkrecognized.C．Auniversitywasnamedafterhiminhonorofhisdevotiontomedicine.D．Ittookabout30yearsforhistheorytogainacceptanceinmedicalmunity.Passage02【說明文】【來源】上海市復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)20252026學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月月考英語試題Rainisjustairbornebacteria’swayofgettingdowntotheground.That’stheconclusionofananalysisofsnowsamplesfromaroundtheworld,whichrevealthatrainmakingbacteriadoesexistintheatmosphere.Theideathatbacterialcellscouldleadtorainisnotnew,butuntilnownoonehadappreciatedtheextenttowhichbiologicalparticles(顆粒)apparentlycontributedtorainfall.“Theyareeverywhereintheatmosphere,”saysBrentChristnerofLouisianaStateUniversity,BatonRouge.“It’shardtobelievetheycouldn’thavesomeimpactonrainfall.”TheparticlesthatChristnerisreferringtoefrombacteriawith“icenucleating”proteins,whichfacilitatetheformationofice,ontheircellsurface.Forexample,thebacteriumPseudomonassyringaehasaproteinwhichbindswatermoleculestogetherinapatternthatallowsicetoformatwarmertemperatures.Whenthebacterialicefallfromtheclouds,theyproducesnow,oriftheymelt,rain.Christnerandhiscolleaguescollectedsnowsoonafterithadfallenfrom19locationsinFrance,theUSandAntarctica,andfoundevidenceoficenucleatingproteinsatallthesites.Thismeansthatrainmakingbacteriaarepresentintheatmosphere.“There’snoreasontheycouldn’tbeincloudstoo,”saysChristner.Ificenucleatingproteinsarefoundinclouds,thiswouldraisethepossibilitythattheproteinsevolvedaspartofthebacteriallifecycle.Manybacteriagetsweptupintotheatmosphere,andalthoughtherearenutrientsandwaterpresentinclouds,theymightnotwishtostaylong.“Thereallyinterestingthingisthatthemajorityoficenucleatorsintheirsamplesarebiological,”saysTimLentonoftheUniversityofEastAnglia,Norwich,UK.Sincebacteriamaketheirlivingatgroundlevel,rainmaybeawaytogetthemselvesoutoftheclouds,headds.Itshouldbepossibletoturnthisabilitytoouradvantage,saysChristner.“Inplacesthatsufferdroughtyoucouldplantcropsthatharbourbacteriatoincreaseprecipitation.”P.syringaegrowsontheleavesofplantsandiswellknownasapathogenthatcausesfrostdamage.Sofarmerscouldonlyuserainmaking