項目五:煤質(zhì)分析任務一：煤質(zhì)樣品采樣與制備商品煤樣的采樣與制備課程：工業(yè)分析中文Scenario5:QualityanalysisofcoalTask1:Samplingandpreparationofcoal

samplesSamplingandpreparationofcommercialcoalsamplesCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish煤炭的形成植物遺體經(jīng)過生物化學作用和物理化學作用而轉變成的沉積有機礦產(chǎn)。煤炭的組成有機質(zhì)礦物質(zhì)水可燃物不可燃物C、H、O、S、N煤炭的作用燃料、原料、煉焦中文TheformationofcoalPlantremainsaretransformedintosedimentaryorganicmineralsthroughbiochemicalandphysicochemicalprocesses.ThecompositionofcoalorganicmattermineralwaterCombustiblematerialsNoncombustiblematerialC、H、O、S、NTheroleofcoalFuel,rawmaterials,cokingEglish煤試樣是不均勻的樣品，采樣與制備應注意具有代表性一、煤質(zhì)樣品采樣術語標稱最大粒度篩網(wǎng)上樣品量不大于5%樣品總量時篩子的篩孔尺寸工具采樣鏟探管中文Thecoalsampleisanunevensample,andsamplingandpreparationshouldberepresentative一、SamplingofcoalsamplestermnominalmaximumparticlesizeThemeshsizeofthesievewhenthesamplevolumeonthesieveisnotgreaterthan

5%ofthetotalsamplevolume

toolSamplingshovelProbetubeSamplinghopperManualspiraldrillEglish工具要求采樣器的開口至少是煤標稱最大粒度的3倍并不小于30mm，采樣器容量足夠大，子樣不會充滿采樣器采樣斗手工螺旋鉆中文RequirementsforsamplingtoolsTheopeningofthesamplershouldbeatleastthreetimesthenominalmaximumparticlesizeofcoalandnotlessthan30mm.ThecapacityofthesamplerislargeenoughthatthecollectedsubsampleswillnotfillthesamplerEglish方案1、采樣單元數(shù)以1000t為一個基本采樣單元，如大于1000t按照公式計算：2、每個采樣單元子樣數(shù)或者將一船、一車皮、一段時間的煤作為一個采樣單元品種灰分范圍采樣地點煤流火車汽車煤堆船艙原煤、篩選煤>20%6060606060≤20%3060606060精煤—1520202020其他洗煤（包括中煤）—2020202020中文programme1、NumberofsamplingunitsUsing1000tasabasicsamplingunit,ifitisgreaterthan1000t,calculateaccordingtotheformula：2、NumberofsubsamplespersamplingunitOruseaship,atruck,oraperiodofcoalasasamplingunittypeAshcontentrangeSamplinglocationcoalflowtraincarcoalpilecabinRawcoal,screenedcoal>20%6060606060≤20%3060606060cleancoal—1520202020Othercoalwashing(includingmiddlingcoal)—2020202020Eglish方案3、試樣質(zhì)量子樣最小質(zhì)量ma總樣的最小質(zhì)量

ma=0.06d，最少不少于0.5kg標稱最大粒度/mm一般煤樣/kg全水分煤樣/kg15026005001001025190805651055017035254081315363.751.2530.70.6510.1_隨標稱最大粒度d不同不同而不同中文3、ThequalityofthesampleTheminimummassofthesubsamplemaTheminimummassofthetotalsample

ma=0.06d，Atleast0.5

kgnominalmaximumparticlesize/mmGeneralcoalsamples/kgFullmoisturecoalsample

/kg15026005001001025190805651055017035254081315363.751.2530.70.6510.1_DifferentwiththenominalmaximumparticlesizedprogrammeEglish從火車皮中對角線取樣時，首、末兩取樣點距離火車箱角1米；從汽車箱中對角線取樣時，首、末兩取樣點距離車箱角0.5米；從煤堆中取樣：要挖坑到0.2米以下采樣，通常不采大于150mm的大煤塊。采樣點要分布在煤堆的頂、腰、底部位上，底部離地要0.5米以上采樣。4、采樣方法方案中文Whensamplingdiagonallyfromthetrainskin,thefirstandlastsamplingpointsare1meterawayfromthecornerofthetrainbox;Whensamplingdiagonallyfromthecarbox,thefirstandlastsamplingpointsare0.5metersawayfromthecornerofthecarbox;Samplingfromcoalpile:Todigapitandsamplebelow0.2metersfromthecoalsurface,largecoalblockslargerthan150mmareusuallynottaken.Thesamplingpointsshouldbedistributedatthetop,waist,andbottomofthecoalpile,andthebottomshouldbeatleast0.5metersabovethegroundforsampling.4、SamplingmethodprogrammeEglish煤試樣采取過程中，樣品量會超過實驗分析用需要量，所以需要對樣品進行縮分，縮分時要經(jīng)過如下操作：破碎：用破碎機等將大顆粒、塊狀樣品破碎成所需粒徑樣品過篩：篩選不超過一定粒徑的煤樣摻合：將分批篩選的煤樣混合均勻縮分：用分樣器逐步縮分煤樣直到所需量二、煤質(zhì)樣品制備中文Duringtheprocessoftakingcoalsamples,thesamplesizemayexceedtherequiredamountforexperimentalanalysis,soitisnecessarytoreducethesamplesize.Thefollowingstepsshouldbetakenduringthereductionprocess:Crushing:UseacrusherorotherequipmenttobreaklargeparticlesandblocksamplesintotherequiredparticlesizesamplesScreening:ScreeningcoalsamplesthatdonotexceedacertainparticlesizeBlending:MixthecoalsamplesscreenedinbatchesevenlyReduction:Useasamplertograduallyreducethecoalsampleuntiltherequiredamountisreached二、PreparationofcoalsamplesEglish1、制樣工具煤樣室：水泥地面、寬大敞亮、有防塵設備破碎機：有顎式、錘式鋼板和鋼輥：用于手工磨碎樣品分樣器：格槽寬度不小于5mm，為煤樣標稱最大粒度的2.5~3倍振篩器和篩網(wǎng)：用于篩分煤樣容器：用于貯存煤樣的嚴密容器十字分樣板、鐵鍬、搪瓷盤、臺秤、毛刷等中文1、ToolsforsamplepreparationCoalsampleroom:cementfloor,spaciousandbright,withdust-proofequipmentCrusher:availableinjawandhammertypesSteelplatesandrollers:usedformanualgrindingofsamplesSamplesplitter:Thewidthofthegrooveshallnotbelessthan5mm,whichis2.5-3timesthenominalmaximumparticlesizeofthecoalsampleShakerandscreen:usedforscreeningcoalsamplesContainer:AtightcontainerusedtostorecoalsamplesCrossdividingtemplate,shovel,enamelplate,platformscale,brush,etcEglish2、制樣要求收到煤樣后，應登記煤種、品種、粒度、采樣地點、包裝情況、煤樣質(zhì)量、收樣和制備時間，并編號應按規(guī)定程序制備制樣應一次完成，如分次應按相同比例縮分煤樣并合并為一個煤樣分析每次破碎、縮分前儀器應清潔干凈在粉碎成0.2mm煤樣前應用磁鐵將煤樣中鐵屑除去全水分煤樣的制備應迅速，并立即分析檢驗中文2、RequirementsforsamplepreparationAfterreceivingthecoalsample,thecoaltype,variety,particlesize,samplinglocation,packagingsituation,coalsamplequality,collectionandpreparationtimeshouldberegisteredandnumberedShouldbepreparedaccordingtotheprescribedprocedureThesamplepreparationshouldbecompletedinonego.Ifdivided,thecoalsampleshouldbereducedinthesameproportionandcombinedintoonecoalsampleforanalysisTheinstrumentshouldbecleanedthoroughlybeforeeachcrushingandreductionBeforecrushinginto0.2

mmcoalsample,useamagnettoremoveironshavingsfromthecoalsampleThepreparationoffullmoisturecoalsamplesshouldberapid,andthefullmoistureshouldbemeasuredimmediatelyafterpreparationEglish

項目五:煤質(zhì)分析任務一：煤質(zhì)樣品采樣與制備煤質(zhì)種類及分析項目課程：工業(yè)分析中文Scenario5:QualityanalysisofcoalTask1:SamplingandpreparationofcoalsamplesTypesandanalysisitemsofcoalCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish

煤的種類繁多，質(zhì)量也相差懸殊，不同類型的煤有不同的用途。如結焦性好或粘結性好的煤是優(yōu)質(zhì)的煉焦用煤；熱穩(wěn)定性好的無煙塊煤是合成氨廠的主要原料；揮發(fā)分和發(fā)熱量都高的煤是較好的動力用煤；一些低灰、低硫的年輕煤則是加壓氣化制造煤氣和加氫液化制取人造液體燃料的較好原料。煤的分類：依據(jù)不同，分類不同一、煤的分類中文

Therearevarioustypesofcoal,andtheirqualityvariesgreatly.Differenttypesofcoalhavedifferentuses.Coalwithgoodcokingorcakingpropertiesisahigh-qualitycokingcoal;Smokelesslumpcoalwithgoodthermalstabilityisthemainrawmaterialforammoniasynthesisplants;Coalwithhighvolatilematterandcalorificvalueisagoodchoiceforpoweruse;Somelowashandlowsulfuryoungcoalisagoodrawmaterialforpressurizedgasificationtoproducegasandhydrogenationliquefactiontoproduceartificialliquidfuel.ClassificationofCoal:Differentclassificationsbasedondifferentfactors一、ClassificationofcoalEglish煤包含有很多種元素，由可燃物和不可燃物兩部分組成?？扇嘉镏饕ㄓ袡C質(zhì)和少量的礦物質(zhì)，不可燃物包括水和大部分礦物質(zhì)，如堿金屬、堿土金屬、鐵、鋁等的鹽類。煤的元素組分：C、H、O、N、S。二、煤的組成中文Coalcontainsmanyelements,consistingoftwoparts:combustibleandnoncombustible.Combustiblematerialsmainlyincludeorganicmatterandsmallamountsofminerals,whilenoncombustiblematerialsincludewaterandmostminerals,suchassaltsofalkalimetals,alkaliearthmetals,iron,aluminum,etc.TheelementalcomponentsofcoalareC,H,O,N,andS.二、ThecompositionofcoalEglish

碳是組成煤大分子的骨架，在各元素中最高，一般大于70%。隨著煤化程度的不斷增高，煤中碳元素的含量也越高，如某些超無煙煤，碳含量可超過97%。碳氫是煤中第二個重要的組成元素，它占煤的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為1～6%，越是年輕的煤，其含量也越高。氫中文

Carbonisthebackbonethatmakesupthemacromoleculesofcoal,withthehighestcontentamongallelements,generallygreaterthan70%.Asthedegreeofcoalificationcontinuestoincrease,thecontentofcarbonelementsincoalalsoincreases.Forexample,someultrasmokelesscoalcanhaveacarboncontentexceeding97%.碳Hydrogenisthesecondimportantconstituentelementincoal,accountingfor1-6%ofthemassfractionofcoal.Theyoungerthecoal,thehigheritscontent.氫Eglish氮硫硫元素也是組成煤的有機質(zhì)的一種常見元素，它在煤中含量的多少，與煤化程度的高低無明顯關系，其含量從最低的0.1到最高的10%均有。氧元素是組成煤有機質(zhì)的十分重要的元素，越是年輕的煤，氧元素的比例也越大，發(fā)熱量常隨氧元素含量的增高而降低，其含量從1～30%均有。氧氮元素在煤中的比例較少，一般為0.5～3%。中文氮硫Sulfurisalsoacommonelementthatmakesuptheorganicmatterofcoal.Itscontentincoalisnotsignificantlyrelatedtothedegreeofcoalification,rangingfromthelowest0.1tothehighest10%.Oxygenisaveryimportantelementthatconstitutestheorganicmatterofcoal.Theyoungerthecoal,thegreatertheproportionofoxygen,andtheheatgenerationoftendecreaseswiththeincreaseofoxygencontent,rangingfrom1%to30%.氧Theproportionofnitrogenelementincoalisrelativelysmall,usually0.5-3%。Eglish

煤的元素組分的不同，不僅能反映出煤化程度，而且也直接表征出煤性質(zhì)的不同。如碳含量低、氧含量高的煤，多是粘結性很差或是沒有粘結性的年輕煤；碳含量高、氧含量低的煤則常是一些無粘結性的年老煤，只有碳含量在84～88%，氫含量在5%以上的中等變質(zhì)程度的煤，才是結焦性較好的煉焦用煤。中文

Thedifferentelementalcompositionsofcoalnotonlyreflectthedegreeofcoalification,butalsodirectlycharacterizethedifferentpropertiesofcoal.Coalwithlowcarboncontentandhighoxygencontentisoftenyoungcoalwithpoorornocakingproperties;Coalwithhighcarboncontentandlowoxygencontentisoftensomeagedcoalwithoutcakingproperties.Onlycoalwithamoderatedegreeofmetamorphismwithacarboncontentof84-88%andahydrogencontentofover5%isconsideredcokingcoalwithgoodcokingproperties.Eglish煤的分析檢驗，根據(jù)目的不同，一般可分為工業(yè)分析、元素分析、物理性質(zhì)測定、工藝性質(zhì)測定和煤灰成分分析等。1、工業(yè)分析煤的工業(yè)分析又叫技術分析或實用分析，是評價煤的基本依據(jù)。它包括煤的水分、灰分、揮發(fā)分和固定碳四個項目的測定。半工業(yè)分析全工業(yè)分析三、煤的分析項目中文

Theanalysisandinspectionofcoalcangenerallybedividedintoindustrialanalysis,elementalanalysis,physicalpropertydetermination,processpropertydetermination,andcoalashcompositionanalysisaccordingtodifferentpurposes.1.Industrialanalysis

Industrialanalysisofcoal,alsoknownastechnicalanalysisorpracticalanalysis,isthebasicbasisforevaluatingcoal.Itincludesthedeterminationoffouritems:moisture,ash,volatilematter,andfixedcarbonofcoal.

Semiindustrialanalysis

Wholeindustryanalysis三、AnalysisprojectofcoalEglish

煤的工業(yè)分析是了解煤的性質(zhì)和用途的重要指標。而煤中全硫分是確定煉焦用煙煤的重要指標。對于合成氨工業(yè)，固定碳含量是評價無煙煤用于制造合成氣(半水煤氣)時經(jīng)濟價值的一個重要指標。

中文Industrialanalysisofcoalisanimportantindicatorforunderstandingthepropertiesandusesofcoal.Thetotalsulfurcontentincoalisanimportantindicatorfordeterminingtheuseofbituminouscoalincoking.Fortheammoniasynthesisindustry,fixedcarboncontentisanimportantindicatorforevaluatingtheeconomicvalueofanthracitecoalusedintheproductionofsyngas(semiwatergas).

Eglish2、元素分析

主要測定煤中C、H、O、N、S等元素，了解煤的元素組成。元素分析的結果是對煤進行科學分類的主要依據(jù)。在工業(yè)上，是計算發(fā)熱量、計算熱量平衡的依據(jù)。其它元素主要是伴生元素分析。煤中的伴生元素很多，但一般是指有提取價值的鍺、鎵、鈾、釩、鋁、鉭等常見的稀有元素。有時也進行有害元素分析。煤中的有害元素種類很多，如S、P、Cl、As、F、Cr、Cd、Hg等。中文2、Elementalanalysis

ElementanalysismainlydetermineselementssuchasC,H,O,N,Sincoaltounderstandtheelementalcompositionofcoal.Theresultsofelementalanalysisarethemainbasisforscientificclassificationofcoal.Inindustry,itisthebasisforcalculatingheatgenerationandheatbalance.Theotherelementsaremainlyassociatedelementanalysis.Therearemanyassociatedelementsincoal,buttheygenerallyrefertocommonrareelementssuchasgermanium,gallium,uranium,vanadium,aluminum,andtantalumthathaveextractionvalue.Sometimesharmfulelementanalysisisalsoconducted.Therearemanytypesofharmfulelementsincoal,suchasS,P,Cl,As,F,Cr,Cd,Hg,etc.Eglish3、其它分析據(jù)特殊的需要進行檢測的還有煤灰成分分析、物理性質(zhì)測定和工藝性質(zhì)測定等。

工藝性質(zhì)測定：煤的黏結性、發(fā)熱量和燃點、反應活性、煤灰學理性和結性渣等。

物理性質(zhì)測定：顏色、光澤、密度、硬度、脆度、斷口、導電性等。

煤灰成分分析：SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O、MnO、SO3、P2O5等。中文3、OtheranalysesAccordingtospecialneeds,therearealsocoalashcompositionanalysis,physicalpropertydetermination,andprocesspropertydeterminationfortesting.Measurementofprocessproperties:coal'sadhesiveness,calorificvalueandignitionpoint,reactionactivity,ashproperties,andslaggingproperties.Physicalpropertytesting:color,gloss,density,hardness,brittleness,fracturesurface,conductivity,etc.Coalashcompositionanalysis：SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O、MnO、SO3、P2O5,etc.Eglish項目五:煤質(zhì)分析任務二：煤的工業(yè)分析不同基準換算課程：工業(yè)分析中文Scenario5:QualityanalysisofcoalsTask2:IndustrialanalysisofcoalConversionofdifferentbenchmarksCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish1、分析項目的名稱及表示符號2、存在形態(tài)或操作情況指標及符號

一、常用符號中文1、Thenameandsymboloftheanalysisproject2、Indicatorsandsymbolsofexistingformsoroperationalsituations

一、CommonsymbolsprojectmoistureashvolatilefixedcarbonCalorificvaluemineralsymbolMAVFCQMMprojectExternalorfreeinherenttotalgrossnetconstantvolumeconstantvoltagesymbolfinhtgrnetVPEglish3、各種基準的表示符號基準名稱含義符號表示收到基以收到狀態(tài)的煤為基準ar空氣干燥基以與空氣濕度達到平衡狀態(tài)的煤為基準ad干燥基以假想無水狀態(tài)的煤為基準d干燥無灰基以假想無水、無灰狀態(tài)的煤為基準daf干燥無礦物質(zhì)基以假想無水、無礦物質(zhì)狀態(tài)的煤為基準dmmf恒濕無灰基以假想含最高內(nèi)在水分、無灰狀態(tài)的煤為基準maf恒濕無礦物質(zhì)基以假想含最高內(nèi)在水分、無礦物質(zhì)狀態(tài)的煤為基準m,mmf中文3、SymbolsofvariousbenchmarksnameofthebenchmarkmeaningSymbolicrepresentationreceivedbenchmarkbasedonthereceivedstatusofcoalarairdriedbenchmarkbasedoncoalthatreachesequilibriumwithairhumidityaddrybenchmarkbasedonthehypotheticalanhydrousstateofcoalddryandashfree

benchmarkbasedonthehypotheticalanhydrousandashfreestateofcoaldafdryandmineralfreebenchmarkbasedonhypotheticalcoalwithoutwaterormineralsdmmfmoistash-freebenchmarkbasedonthehypotheticalcoalwiththehighestinternalmoisturecontentandnoashstatemafmoistandmineralfreebenchmarkBasedonthehypotheticalcoalwiththehighestinternalmoisturecontentandamineralfreestatem,mmfEglish二、不同基準分析結果的換算換算的意義煤工業(yè)分析的結果(如揮發(fā)分等)是用空氣干燥基試樣為基準經(jīng)過測定而計算出來的。但是空氣干燥基試樣所含有的水分是隨溫度、空氣的濕度以及不同環(huán)境下的其它因素的變化而改變的。因此，在工業(yè)分析中常需要將分析結果換算成對干燥物質(zhì)的質(zhì)量百分數(shù)，只有這樣才能對各個試樣進行定量的比較。中文二、ConversionofanalysisresultsrepresentedbydifferentbenchmarksThesignificanceofconversionTheresultsofindustrialanalysisofcoal(suchasvolatilematter,etc.)arecalculatedusingairdriedsamplesasabenchmark.However,themoisturecontentinairdriedsamplesvarieswithtemperature,humidityoftheair,andotherfactorsindifferentenvironments.Therefore,inindustrialanalysis,itisoftennecessarytoconverttheanalysisresultsintothemasspercentageofdrysubstances,onlyinthiswaycanquantitativecomparisonsbemadebetweeneachsample.Eglish中文CoefficientforconvertingdifferentbenchmarkstoeachotherKnownbenchmarksConversionbenchmarkairdriedbenchmarkairdriedbenchmark(ad)receivedbenchmarkreceivedbenchmark(ar)drybenchmarkdrybenchmark(d)dryandashfreebenchmarkdryandashfreebenchmarkdryandmineralfreebenchmarkdryandmineralfreebenchmarkEglish例：稱取空氣干燥基煤樣1.2000g，灼燒后殘余物質(zhì)質(zhì)量是0.1000g，已知收到基水分為5.40%，空氣干燥基水分為1.50%，求空氣干燥基、干燥基和收到基的灰分。中文answer:Example:Weigh1.2000

gofairdriedcoalsample,andtheresidualmassafterburningis0.1000g.Itisknownthatthemoisturecontentofthereceivedbaseis5.40%,andthemoisturecontentoftheairdriedbaseis1.50%.Pleasecalculatetheashcontentoftheairdriedbase,drybase,andreceivedbase.Eglish例：稱取空氣干燥煤樣1.0000g，測定揮發(fā)分時，失去質(zhì)量為0.2842g。已知此空氣干燥煤樣的水分為2.50%，灰分為9.00%，收到基水分為5.40%。求收到基、空氣干燥基、干燥基、干燥無灰基的揮發(fā)分的質(zhì)量百分數(shù)各是多少？解中文Example:Weighing1.0000gofairdriedcoalsample,whenmeasuringvolatilematter,thelossofmassis0.2842g.Itisknownthatthemoisturecontentofthisairdriedcoalsampleis2.50%,theashcontentis9.00%,andthereceivedbasemoistureis5.40%.Whatarethemasspercentagesofvolatilematteronreceivedbasis,airdriedbasis,drybasis,anddryashfreebasis?answer:Eglish項目五:煤質(zhì)分析任務二：煤的工業(yè)分析煤質(zhì)灰分測定課程：工業(yè)分析中文Scenario5:QualityanalysisofcoalTask2:IndustrialanalysisofcoalDeterminationofashcontentincoalCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish1、灰分的來源和測定意義煤的灰分是煤中所有可燃物在一定條件下完全燃燒后，礦物質(zhì)（除水分以外的所有無機質(zhì)的總稱）在一定溫度下，經(jīng)一系列復雜化學反應以后所剩下的殘渣，用符號A表示?；曳衷降鸵簿驮胶弥形?、ThesourceandmeasurementsignificanceofashcontentTheashcontentofcoalistheresidueleftbyaseriesofcomplexchemicalreactionsofminerals(excludingmoisture)aftercompletecombustionofallcombustiblesincoalundercertainconditions,atacertaintemperature,representedbythesymbolA.Thelowertheashcontent,thebetterthequalityofcoalEglish2、空氣干燥煤樣灰分（Aad）測定方法快速灰化法：將裝有煤樣的灰皿直接送入預先加熱至815

10℃馬弗爐中，根據(jù)放入方式不同又分為方法A和B緩慢灰化法：稱取一定量空氣干燥煤樣，放入馬弗爐，以一定速度加熱到815

10℃，灰化并灼燒至質(zhì)量恒定中文2、Determinationmethodforashcontentofairdriedcoalsamples(Aad)Rapidashingmethod:Directlyfeedtheashtraycontainingcoalsampleintoamufflefurnacepreheatedto815±10℃forburning.Accordingtothedifferentplacementmethods,itcanbefurtherdividedintomethodsAandBSlowashingmethod:Weighacertainamountofairdriedcoalsample,putitintoamufflefurnace,heatitatacertainspeedto815±10℃,andburnituntilthemassisconstantarbitrationlawEglish（1）緩慢灰化法測定步驟：稱取分析煤樣1

0.1g于已在815

10℃灼燒至恒重的灰皿中，精確至0.0002g，并攤平?；颐蠡颐蠹苤形模?）SlowashingmethodMeasurementsteps:Weigh1±0.1gofcoalsampleintoanashtraythathasbeenburnedtoaconstantweightat815±10℃,accurateto0.0002g,andspreadevenly.ashtrayashtrayholderEglish將灰皿送入溫度低于100℃的高溫爐中，將爐門留有約15mm左右的縫隙供自然通風，控制爐溫在30min左右緩慢升高至500℃并保持此溫度30min。然后，升高溫度至815

10℃，關閉爐門，在此溫度下繼續(xù)灼燒1h。取出灰皿，于干燥器中冷至室溫后稱量，然后進行檢查性灼燒。每次進行20min，直到煤樣的質(zhì)量變化小于0.001g時為止，取最后一次質(zhì)量計算?；曳?lt;15%的樣品，可不必進行檢查性灼燒。中文Sendtheashtrayintoahigh-temperaturefurnacewithatemperaturebelow100℃,leaveagapofabout15mmonthefurnacedoorfornaturalventilation,controlthefurnacetemperaturetoslowlyriseto500℃forabout30min,andmaintainthistemperaturefor30min.Then,raisethetemperatureto815±10℃,closethefurnacedoor,andcontinuetoburnatthistemperaturefor1hour.Takeouttheashtray,coolittoroomtemperatureinadryer,weighit,andthenperformacheckburn.Perform20minuteseachtimeuntilthemasschangeofthecoalsampleislessthan0.001g,andtakethelastmasstocalculatetheashcontent.Sampleswithanashcontentoflessthan15%donotrequireinspectionburning.Eglish（2）快速灰化法方法A測定步驟：稱取分析煤樣1

0.1g于已在815

10℃灼燒至恒重的灰皿中，置于快速測定儀傳送帶上，控制傳送速度17mm/min左右送入已加熱至溫度815

10℃的快速灰化測定儀中。當灰皿送出時取下，冷至室溫后稱量。中文（2）RapidashingmethodThedeterminationstepsofmethodA:Weigh1±0.1gofcoalsampleandplaceitinanashtraythathasbeenburnedtoaconstantweightat815±10℃.Placeashtrayontheconveyorbeltoftherapidashinganalyzer,controltheconveyingspeedtoabout17mm/min,andsendittotherapidashinganalyzerthathasbeenheatedtoatemperatureof815±10℃.Whentheashtrayissentout,removeitandweighitaftercoolingtoroomtemperature.Eglish方法B測定步驟：將盛有煤樣的灰皿排放于耐熱板上，緩慢送入已加熱至815

10℃的高溫爐中，按序將一排排灰皿推入至爐內(nèi)熾熱部分。先使第一排煤樣灰化，待5~10min后煤樣不再冒煙時，再以每分鐘不大于2mm的速度把二、三、四排順序推入（若煤樣著火爆炸試驗作廢），關上爐門，在815

10℃灼燒40min，取出冷卻后稱量。進行檢查性灼燒。中文ThedeterminationstepsofmethodB:Placetheashtrayescontainingcoalsamplesonaheat-resistantplate,slowlyfeedthemintoahigh-temperaturefurnacethathasbeenheatedto815±10℃,andsequentiallypusharowofashtrayesintothehotpartofthefurnace.First,ashthefirstrowofcoalsamples.After5-10minutes,whenthecoalsamplesnolongeremitsmoke,pushthesecond,third,andfourthrowsinsequenceataspeednotexceeding2mmperminute(ifthecoalsamplefireandexplosiontestisinvalid),closethefurnacedoor,burnat815±10℃for40minutes,removeandcool,andweigh.Next,performanexploratoryburn.Eglish3、煤中灰分的計算中文3、CalculationofashcontentincoalQualityofresiduesQualityofcoalEglish項目五:煤質(zhì)分析任務二：煤的工業(yè)分析煤質(zhì)揮發(fā)分的測定和固定碳的計算課程：工業(yè)分析中文Scenario5:QualityanalysisofcoalsTask2:IndustrialanalysisofcoalDeterminationofvolatilematterincoalandcalculationoffixedcarbonCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish1、揮發(fā)分的定義及測定意義將煤放在與空氣隔絕的容器內(nèi)，在高溫下經(jīng)一定時間加熱后，煤中的有機質(zhì)和部分礦物質(zhì)分解為氣體釋出，由減小的質(zhì)量再減去水的質(zhì)量即為煤的揮發(fā)分。去掉揮發(fā)分后的殘渣叫焦渣。所測的結果應稱為揮發(fā)分產(chǎn)率，用符號V表示。一、揮發(fā)分的測定中文1、Thedefinitionandmeasurementsignificanceofvolatilematter

Putthecoalinacontainerisolatedfromtheairandheatitathightemperatureforacertainperiodoftime.Theorganicmatterandsomemineralsinthecoaldecomposeintogasesandarereleased.Thevolatilematterofcoalisobtainedbysubtractingthemassofwaterfromthereducedmass.Theresidueafterremovingvolatilematteriscalledcokeresidue.

Themeasuredresultshouldbecalledthevolatileyield,representedbythesymbolV.一、DeterminationofvolatilematterincoalEglish2、揮發(fā)分的測定方法將粒度小于2毫米的空氣干燥煤樣，在900℃高溫隔絕空氣加熱7分鐘，由減小的質(zhì)量再減去水的質(zhì)量即為煤的揮發(fā)分。

根據(jù)揮發(fā)分產(chǎn)率的高低，可以初步判別煤的變質(zhì)程度、發(fā)熱量及焦油產(chǎn)率等各種重要性質(zhì)，而且?guī)缀跏澜绺鲊疾捎酶稍餆o灰基揮發(fā)分作為煤分類的一個主要指標。中文2、Determinationmethodofvolatilematter

Weighacertainamountofairdriedcoalsamplewithaparticlesizelessthan2millimeters,heatitinhightemperatureat900℃for7minutes,andsubtractthemassofwaterfromthereducedmasstoobtainthevolatilematterofthecoal.Eglish3、揮發(fā)分的測定儀器（1）磨口(揮發(fā))坩堝（2）坩堝架用鎳鉻絲制成，其規(guī)格以能放置6個坩堝為好，大小應與爐內(nèi)900

10℃穩(wěn)定溫度區(qū)相適應，放在架上的坩堝底部應與爐堂底距離20～30mm。坩堝蓋外緣槽形，此槽正好蓋在坩堝口的外緣上，在蓋內(nèi)邊有凹處，以備揮發(fā)釋出。

中文3、Instrumentformeasuringvolatilematter（1）Grinding(volatilization)crucible(2)CrucibleholderMadeofnickelchromiumwire,withaspecificationthatcanaccommodate6crucibles,thesizeshouldbesuitableforthestabletemperaturerangeof900±10℃inthefurnace,andthebottomofthecrucibleplacedontherackshouldbe20-30mmawayfromthebottomofthefurnacehall.Theouteredgeofthecruciblecoverhasagrooveshape,whichisexactlyontheouteredgeofthecruciblemouth.Thereisadepressionontheinneredgeofthecovertoprepareforthevolatilizationandreleaseofvolatilematter.Eglish（3）坩堝架夾（4）馬弗爐帶有高溫計和調(diào)溫裝置，恒溫區(qū)應半年測定一次，高溫計至少半年校正一次中文（3）Crucibleholderclamp（4）mufflefurnaceThemufflefurnaceisequippedwithapyrometerandatemperatureregulatingdevice.Theconstanttemperaturezoneshouldbemeasuredeverysixmonths,andthepyrometershouldbecalibratedatleastonceeverysixmonthsEglish4、揮發(fā)分的測定步驟稱取分析煤樣1

0.01g，于已在900

10℃灼燒恒量的專用坩鍋內(nèi)，輕敲坩堝使試樣攤平，然后蓋上坩堝蓋，置于坩堝架上，迅速將坩堝架推至已預先加熱至900

10℃的高溫爐的穩(wěn)定溫度區(qū)內(nèi)，并立即開動秒表，關閉爐門。準確灼燒恰好7min，迅速取出坩堝架，在空氣中放置5～6min，再將坩鍋置于干燥器中冷卻至室溫，稱量。根據(jù)失重可計算揮發(fā)分產(chǎn)率。中文4、Stepsfordeterminingvolatilematter

Weigh1±0.01gofcoalsampleandplaceitinadedicatedcruciblethathasbeenburnedataconstanttemperatureof900±10℃.Gentlytapthecrucibletoflattenthesample,thencoveritwiththecruciblecoverandplaceitonthecrucibleframe.Quicklypushthecrucibleframeintothestabletemperaturezoneofthehigh-temperaturefurnacethathasbeenpreheatedto900±10℃,andimmediatelyturnonthestopwatchandclosethefurnacedoor.Accuratelyburnforexactly7minutes,quicklyremovethecrucibleholder,placeitinairfor5-6minutes,thenplacethecrucibleinadryertocooltoroomtemperatureandweighit.Theyieldofvolatilemattercanbecalculatedbasedonweightloss.Eglish5、煤中揮發(fā)分的計算煤樣加熱后減少的質(zhì)量煤樣質(zhì)量空氣干燥煤樣的水分含量，%中文5、CalculationofvolatilematterincoalReducedmassofcoalsampleafterheatingQualityofcoalMoisturecontentofairdriedcoalsamples，%Eglish固定碳的化學組分，主要是C元素，另外還有一定數(shù)量的H、O、N、S等其它元素。從煤的工業(yè)分析指標來看，發(fā)熱量主要是煤中固定碳燃燒產(chǎn)生的，因此國際上利用工業(yè)分析結果計算發(fā)熱量的公式，即以煤的固定碳作為發(fā)熱量的主要來源。二、固定碳的計算中文ThechemicalcompositionoffixedcarbonmainlyconsistsofCelement,inadditiontoacertainamountofotherelementssuchasH,O,N,S,etc.Fromtheperspectiveofindustrialanalysisindicatorsofcoal,theheatgenerationismainlygeneratedbythecombustionoffixedcarbonincoal.Therefore,internationally,theindustrialanalysisresultsoffixedcarbonareusedtocalculatetheheatgeneration,thatis,thefixedcarbonofcoalisusedasthemainsourceofheatgeneration.二、CalculationoffixedcarbonEglish固定碳是指除去水分、灰分和揮發(fā)分后的殘留物，用符號FCad表示，通過下式計算而得：

FCad=100%-Mad-Aad–Vad

FCd=100%-Ad–Vd

FCdaf=100%-Vdafad、d、daf是以不同基表示的含量中文

Fixedcarbonreferstotheresidueafterremovingmoisture,ash,andvolatilematter,representedbythesymbolFC,andcalculatedbythefollowingequation:

FCad=100%-Mad-Aad–Vad

FCd=100%-Ad–Vd

FCdaf=100%-Vdafad，dordafisthecontentrepresentedbydifferentbasesEglish項目五:煤質(zhì)分析任務二：煤的工業(yè)分析煤質(zhì)水分測定課程：工業(yè)分析中文Scenario5:QualityanalysisofcoalTask2:IndustrialanalysisofcoalDeterminationofmoisturecontentincoalCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish1、煤中水分的存在形態(tài)兩類：化合水、游離水中文游離水又分為外在水分和內(nèi)在水分化合水分：以化合方式和煤中礦物質(zhì)結合的水，例如結晶水。結晶水要在200℃以上才能分解析出。游離水以機械的物理方式（如附著、吸附等形式）和煤結合的水。1、TheformsofmoistureincoalFreewaterisfurtherdividedintoexternalwaterandinternalwaterCombinedwater

Waterthatcombineswithmineralsincoalthroughchemicalmeans,suchascrystallinewater.Crystallinewaterneedstobeabove200℃todecomposeandprecipitate.FreewaterWaterthatcombineswithcoalthroughmechanicalandphysicalmeans(suchasadhesion,adsorption,etc.).Eglish2)內(nèi)在水分（Minh）內(nèi)在水分是指吸附或凝聚在煤粒內(nèi)部的毛細孔（直徑＜10-5cm）中的水分。這部分水分較難蒸發(fā)。除去內(nèi)在水分的煤稱為---干燥煤。1)外在水分（Mf）是指煤在開采、運輸、儲存和洗選過程中潤濕在煤的外表及大毛細孔（直徑＞10-5cm）中的水分。除去外在水分的煤稱為---風干煤。中文2)internalwater（Minh）Itreferstothemoistureadsorbedorcondensedinthecapillaries(diameter<10-5cm)insidecoalparticles.Thispartofthewaterisdifficulttoevaporate.Coalthatremovesinternalmoistureiscalleddrycoal.1)externalwater（Mf）Itreferstothemoistureadsorbedonthesurfaceandlargepores(diameter>10-5cm)ofcoalduringmining,transportation,storage,andwashingprocesses.Coalthatremovesexternalmoistureiscalledairdriedcoal.Eglish空氣干燥煤樣煤的工業(yè)分析只測定游離水分。煤的工業(yè)分析規(guī)程規(guī)定的標準：先取粒度小于13mm的煤樣測定外在水分，得到風干煤；風干煤再粉碎到粒度小于3mm測定出內(nèi)在水分；風干煤再粉碎到粒度小于0.2mm測定出空氣干燥煤樣水分。把煤放在空氣中干燥,干燥到煤表面的水蒸汽壓和空氣中的水蒸汽構成平衡時的煤樣為空氣干燥基煤樣中文AirdriedbasecoalsampleTheindustrialanalysisofcoalonlydeterminesfreem