EnglishLanguageGrammarRulesPassiveVoicelearningobjectivesBytheendoftheclass,studentswillbeableto:1.Distinguishbetweensentenceswrittenintheactiveandpassivevoiceandidentifytheircoregrammaticalstructures.2.Accuratelytransformsimplesentencesfromactivevoicetopassivevoice.3.Evaluatewhenandhowtousethepassivevoiceappropriately.LeadInWhathappened?Whodidit?Howtodescribethesituation?Thewindowwasbrokenbysomeone.Whoa!WhatisVoice?InEnglishgrammar,“voice”isagrammaticalcategorythatdescribestherelationshipbetweentheactionexpressedbythe

verbandtheparticipantsidentifiedbythesubjectandobject.Ittellsuswhetherthesubjectofthesentenceisperformingtheactionorreceivingtheaction.TherearetwoprimaryvoicesinEnglish:1.ActiveVoice2.PassiveVoice1.ActiveVoiceIntheactivevoice,thesubjectofthesentenceisthedoeroragentoftheaction.Thesubjectisactivelyperformingtheverb.Eg:Structure:Subject+Verb+ObjectFocus:Thepersonorthingperformingtheaction.Eg:太陽(yáng)溫暖了地球。

Thesunwarmtheearth.SubjectinthefrontobjectinthebehindtransitiveverbinthemiddleTense&S-Vagreements2.PassiveVoiceInthepassivevoice,thesubjectofthesentenceisthereceiveroftheaction.Thesubjectisbeingactedupon.Structure:Subject+be

+done+(by+Agent)Focus:Thepersonorthingreceivingtheaction.1.S+V+O

Eg：Sheaskedmetopresentfirst.

賓格變主格inthefront主格變賓格放在by后inthebehindverb變be+doneinthemiddleTense&S-VagreementwasaskedtopresentIbyher.first

單賓語(yǔ)句子被動(dòng)化2.S+V+Oi+OdEg：HegavehisforeignfriendabeautifulpieceofChinesesilk.(A)

(B)

HisforeignfriendwasgivenabeautifulpieceofChinesesilkbyhim.

AbeautifulpieceofChinesesilkwasgiventohimbyhisforeignfriend.3.S+V+O+CEg：WeconsidertheGreatWallasymbolofChina.

TheGreatWallisconsideredasymbolofChina.4.GetsthdoneFillintheblankbelow(2025全國(guó)II卷)Shegenerallyworkswiththeirregularteacherstogetlessonsandtests

(use)attheirhomeschools.beingused

StructurepassivestructureS+ViS+V+OS+V+CS+V+Oi+OdS+V+O+CGet...donepassivestructureStructurepassivestructureS+ViXS+V+OO變主格+bedone+byS變賓格S+V+CXS+V+Oi+Od1.Oi變主格+bedone+Od+byS變賓格2.Od變主格+bedone+toOi+byS變賓格S+V+O+CO變主格+bedone+C+byS變賓格Get...doneget...donepassivestructure

完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Eg：Noonehaseversatonthatchairsincehedied.

Hehadturnedoffthelightbeforeheleft.

PassivestructurechangeaccordingtotensetypeThatchairhasneverbeensatonsincehedied.Thelighthadbeenturnedoffbeforeheleft.進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Eg：Theyaredebatingthecaseincourt.

Thecaseisbeingdebatedincourt.tensetypestructureSimplePresentPresentContinuousPresentPerfectSimplePastPastContinuousPastPerfectFutureSimpleFuturePerfectModal

passivestructuretensetypestructureSimplePresentam/is/are+donePresentContinuousam/is/arebeing+donePresentPerfecthave/hasbeen+doneSimplePastwas/were+donePastContinuouswas/werebeing+donePastPerfecthadbeen+doneFutureSimplewillbe+doneFuturePerfectwillhavebeen+doneModalcan/should/must+be+done

passivestructurewhatdoyouthinkofthesentencesbelow:Itishopedbyeveryonethatthefairwillbesupportedbythewholecommunitynextsemester.Everyonehopesthewholecommunitywillsupportthefairnextsemester.Themanagerapprovedtheplan,theassistantprintedthedocuments,theteamdistributedtheflyers(傳單),andtheinterns(實(shí)習(xí)生)collectedthefeedback.Aftertheplanwasapproved,thedocumentswereprinted,flyersdistributed,andfeedbackcollected.voiceyouropinionbetterbetterWhentoUsethePassiveVoice1.Whenyouwanttoemphasizetheactionortherecipientoftheaction:"ThepresidentwassworninonthestepsoftheCapitol."(Thefocusisonthepresident,notthepersonwhoadministeredtheoath.)2.Inscientificorformalwritingtomaintainobjectivity:"Thesolutionwasheatedto100°C."(Thisfocusesontheexperiment,nottheresearcher.)3.Whenthedoerisunknown:"Mycarwasstolenlastnight."(Wedon'tknowwhodidit.)4.Whenthedoerisobviousorunimportant:"Thishousewasbuiltin1890."(Thespecificbuildersareunimportant.)句子賞析Eg：Thechairmanshouldstepdownfornowbecausethecourtisinvestigatinghimforapossiblecrime.這個(gè)句子主句的主語(yǔ)是thechairman，從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)卻是thecourt。當(dāng)然，前后兩個(gè)從句的主語(yǔ)并不是一定要相同。不過(guò)，如果能夠改成兩個(gè)從句的主語(yǔ)相同，那么這個(gè)句子的敘述就會(huì)感覺(jué)比較連貫、修辭效果會(huì)加強(qiáng)如下：Thechairmanshouldstepdownfornowbecauseheisbeinginvestigatedforapossiblecrime.

（不佳）(better)Practice：Becausethenursetoldhimtowaitoutside,themanfoundachairandsatdown.（不佳）在because引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，him是動(dòng)作承受者，但是在主句中theman卻是主語(yǔ)。這兩個(gè)子句中的主語(yǔ)不一致，造成敘事不連貫，可以采用被動(dòng)態(tài)改寫(xiě)如下：

兩個(gè)從句改成主語(yǔ)相同之后，連貫性增強(qiáng)了。不過(guò)，被動(dòng)態(tài)的修辭效果還不止于此。一旦主語(yǔ)變成相同，狀語(yǔ)從句就可以進(jìn)行省略，如下：,themanfoundachairandsatdown.這么一來(lái)，句子當(dāng)中消除掉重復(fù)的元素，變得更為簡(jiǎn)潔、修辭效果就更好了。Becausethemanwastoldtowaitoutside,hefoundachairandsatdown.ToldtowaitoutsideSummaryWhosestoryispassivevoicetelling—thedoer's,orthereceiver's?"Ididsomething."(Front-lineperspective)"Somethingwasdone(byme)."(Backgroundperspective)ActiveVoicePassiveVoicekeyaspectsforpassivevoicetransformation#1.TheBasicPassivePattern(ObjectbecomesSubject)+Formof"be"+done+by+(SubjectbecomesObject)#3.Subject-VerbAgreementWhen

passivevoiceisused,S-Vagreementshouldbeconsideredaccordingly.#2.VerbTenseConsistency#4.SpecialCasesA.VerbswithTwoObjectsB.IntransitiveVerbs(?)

C.ModalAuxiliaries(can,could...)+be/havebeendoneWhen

passivevoiceisused,V-tenseagreementshouldbeconsideredaccordingtodifferentverbtensesGrabmmar

Check"Youarenotdefinedbyyourpast;youarepreparedbyit."Aftertheclass1.“Theprojectwillbefinishednextmonth.”的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)句是？A.Theyfinishtheprojectnextmonth.B.Theywillfinishtheprojectnextmonth.C.Theyarefinishingtheprojectnextmonth.D.Theyhavefinishedtheprojectnextmonth.√aftertheclass2.Trueorfalse(1)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的核心結(jié)構(gòu)是**be+過(guò)去分詞**。(2)所有動(dòng)詞都可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(3)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞?！獭痢蘟ftertheclass3.語(yǔ)法填空(2025全國(guó)I卷B)Mostoftheessaysfilledlessthanonepage,andfewcontainedasentencethatcould

(interpret)asathesis(論點(diǎn))statement.(2025全國(guó)I卷C)Wholeneighbourhoods

(destroy)tomakewayfornewroadnetworks.(2025全國(guó)I卷C)Safetyimprovementsmight

(make)toourstreetsinrecentyears.(2025全國(guó)I卷D)Theplayers’personalities

(reveal)duringthegame,andone’sweaknessesareexposedtotheopponent.(2024新高考I卷A)Trainingandtoolswill

(provide).(2024新高考I卷D)Biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheir

(upload)image.beinterpretedweredestroyedhavebeenmadearerevealedwillbeprovideduploadedActitoutThescene:Inthelivingroom,abeautifulvaseliesinpiecesonthefloor.Leostandsfrozennearby.CousinandBigBrotherenter,followedbyhisOlderSister.Thebrokenvase1.SimplePresentPassive(2025全國(guó)I卷A)Muchisstill

(settle).(2025全國(guó)II卷A)OneofthefouroriginalcopiesoftheMagnaCarta

(display)there.(2024新高考I卷D)Thesedata

(bias)towardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.2.SimplePastPassive(2025全國(guó)I卷C)Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplastics

(trap)throughtheboilingprocesswasnice.(2025全國(guó)II卷D)ItshouldbenotedthatnoneoftheitemsonWASTED’smenu

(make)fromgarbage.(2024新高考I卷B)He

(amaze)thatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.3.Modal+Be+PastParticiple(PassiveInfinitive)(2025全國(guó)II卷A)Goodscould

(ship