2023年新高考英語讀后續(xù)寫提分技能2.03虛擬語氣與續(xù)寫背景回顧背景回顧1人類具有現(xiàn)實思維和虛擬思維的認知能力，這些認知能力通過語言表達式反映出來，而時和體是反映思維的語言形式之一。換言之，時和體的多義性是表達現(xiàn)實思維和虛擬思維的需要，而思維在現(xiàn)實和虛擬之間的轉(zhuǎn)換又是凸顯不同主觀性的需要。例如，敘事作品中用現(xiàn)在時描述假想的、虛幻的事件，思維發(fā)生在想象的空間，與思維時間發(fā)生分離，動詞失去時態(tài)功能，即任何讀者在任意時間閱讀，閱讀時間和作品中的事件時間沒有任何關(guān)系。這里現(xiàn)在時的虛擬性優(yōu)勢在于，可以使任何讀者在任意時間閱讀時都可以產(chǎn)生“身臨其境”的效果。虛擬語氣是英語中常用的表達方式，以其表達的委婉性和語用功能的豐富性在交際活動中發(fā)揮了非常重要的作用。恰當?shù)厥褂盟?，可以起到較好的修辭效果。無論語法著作還是英語教學(xué)都應(yīng)將其語用功能放在重要的位置，英語學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)時也必須重視其語用功能的學(xué)習(xí)和掌握?，F(xiàn)代社會人們追求自我，越來越重視個人隱私和權(quán)利，也會尊重別人的隱私和權(quán)利。虛擬語氣是通過語法手段來表達出對別人的尊敬或盡量使自己的語氣委婉、客氣的效果。人們使用虛擬語氣，多數(shù)情況是因為表達者的語用目的，而不是簡單表達一個相反的事實。說話者一般都是借助這個“虛擬情況”委婉表達一個言外之意，達到一個特定的交流目的，在很大程度上避免出現(xiàn)尷尬處境。例如：IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldhelpyou.(如果我有足夠的錢，我就會幫助你。)這句話的真正含義是Iwillnothelpyou.通過使用If條件句，help的行為便成了一種假設(shè)的虛擬行為。聽話者從該條件可以自己推斷出這樣的結(jié)論：我可能不幫你。說話者采取的這種積極態(tài)度，盡管隱含了一種拒絕幫助的意義，但聽話者在心理上更容易接受。由此我們可以看出，虛擬語氣能夠表達其他任何語氣所無法取代的豐富的感情色彩。在英語教學(xué)中，教師不能只給學(xué)生講解和羅列哪些句型需要使用虛擬語氣，而應(yīng)該結(jié)合不同的語法表達形式分析其語用特點。特別是在閱讀與寫作中，英語學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)過程中除了要很好地理解和掌握他的語法形式以外，更要了解它豐富靈活的語用功能。只有這樣，才能體會虛擬語氣所隱含的感情，也才能使用虛擬語氣表達自己豐富多彩的內(nèi)心世界。虛擬語氣的形式多種多樣，在寫作特別是讀后續(xù)寫所提供的語境中，虛擬語氣能夠表達其他任何語氣所無法取代的豐富的感情色彩，學(xué)生可以根據(jù)人物不同的心理需求，在不同的語境中恰當?shù)剡\用虛擬語氣可以更好地表達出不同的感情色彩，發(fā)揮其縮小心理文化差異的語用功能。心理文化差異的大小直接決定交流雙方對語言的理解意愿和交流方式，學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語氣不僅要掌握其基本的語法形式，還要理解其強大的語用功能。因此，在讀后續(xù)寫學(xué)習(xí)中，學(xué)生要注意分析、體會虛擬語氣所隱含的情感內(nèi)容，才能巧妙地運用虛擬語氣表達故事中人物豐富多彩的內(nèi)心世界，從而能夠較好地縮小交際雙方的心理文化差異，推動作者、語篇與學(xué)生等互動交際活動得以有效開展。方法策略方法策略2在讀后續(xù)寫的心理描寫中，恰當運用虛擬語氣，可以委婉地表達主人公的某種情感，使人物形象更生動，增強文章的可讀性。(一)“ifsb...,sb...”表達糾結(jié)的心情例如：2021河北張家口第一次質(zhì)檢題IfIshouldn’tgobackontime,thekingwouldkillmyfriend.IfIhadn’tfallenfromthehorseandgothurt,Iwouldhavegottothedestinationontime.要是我不準時回去，國王會殺了我的朋友。如果我沒有從馬上摔下來并受了傷，我也早就按時到達目的地了?！痉治觥恐魅斯驀醭兄Z準時回去，若違背諾言，國王會殺死主人公的朋友。但因為主人公從馬上摔下來，受傷了，這一路就耽擱了時間。這時就需要虛擬語氣來做出非真實的假設(shè)了，表達了主人公矛盾的情感糾結(jié)。以上兩個虛擬條件句，前者表示與將來情況相反的假設(shè)，后者表示與過去情況相反的假設(shè)。(二)“Without/Butfor...”表示感激之情例如：2021廣州七校聯(lián)考題Without/Butformom’sencouragement,Iwouldn’thavebe-comeasuccessfulnarratorinthecompetition.如果沒有媽媽的鼓勵，在比賽中我不可能成為一個成功的講解員?！痉治觥拷?jīng)過學(xué)校的故事大賽，我意識到什么角色都有其優(yōu)點和重要性。后來，我一直繼續(xù)做好講解員的角色，層層突破，在地區(qū)小有名氣。這時用虛擬語氣來表達對媽媽的感激之情。(三)“Ifonly...”表示強列的愿望例如：2021屆浙江慈溪中學(xué)模擬題IfonlyIhadbeenthe3rdrunnerwhohadgottothefinishline.要是我是第3位到達終點線的跑步者該多好?。　痉治觥课宜さ购罄^續(xù)往前跑，到達終點線，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己與第三名擦肩而過，不能獲得我心儀的獎品。這時用虛擬語氣來表達與過去事實相反的情況，強調(diào)愿望。(四)固定句型表示后悔或遺憾1.可用Howsbwishedthat...had(not)donesth例如：2021山東泰安期中試題HowTimmywishedthathehadn’tbeensorudetohiscoach.Timmy多么希望之前沒有那么粗魯?shù)膶Υ叹毎?！【分析】Timmy一直是球隊的主力，不愿把球傳給別人。他不僅不聽教練的勸導(dǎo)，而且由于態(tài)度惡劣，被取消參加區(qū)里比賽的資格。他同媽媽交流后，意識到以前自己的錯誤。這時就需要虛擬語氣來表達他后悔的情感。2.可用sb.+謂語,wishingthat...例如：2021廣州七校聯(lián)考題Iwasrootedonthegroundduetobeingfrightened,wishingthatIhadrefusedmymother’sadviceyesterday.我由于恐懼愣在那里，真希望我昨天拒絕媽媽的建議?！痉治觥课乙恢辈唤邮茏约鹤龉适碌闹v解員這個角色，但在媽媽的勸導(dǎo)下，我還是參加了學(xué)校的故事大賽。中途出現(xiàn)了情感的糾結(jié)，后悔參加了比賽。這時需要用虛擬語氣來表達后悔。(五)“asif...”表達形象生動例如：2020年浙江模擬題Theglassesdroppedintotheriver,asifthewaterhadswallowedthem.眼鏡掉到河里，好像水已經(jīng)吞噬了它?！痉治觥恐魅斯值軅z跟爸爸在深林里的一條河邊走著，突然爸爸摔了一跤，眼鏡掉到河里，兄弟倆趕緊去找，但由于河水洶涌，找不到。這時就需要用虛擬語氣來描述河中水流的兇猛。此句型也是比喻的寫作手法。實踐強化實踐強化3基礎(chǔ)演練基礎(chǔ)演練A(2022·山東棗莊·模擬預(yù)測)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。AChristmasTreeforMrsMuellerMrsMuellerwasournext-doorneighborwhenmysisterLaurelandIweregrowingup.Shemovedhereafterherhusbanddied.Shehadnochildrenandnorelativesthatweknewof.Shewasgentleandkind,andLaurelandIconsideredherourspecialfriend.OneDecember,MrsMuellerwasillinhospital.LaurelandIwerebusymakingChristmaspresents,andweponderedwhattomakeforMrsMueller.Wecouldn’tbearseeinghercomehomebeforeChristmastoanemptyhousewithnoholidaydecorations.Thenwelitupontheideaofdecoratingasmalltreethatwouldgreetherwithlightsandcheer.Wewerewonderinghowtocarryoutourplanwhentheanswerappeared.IwasinMissO’Keefe’ssixthgradeclassthatyear,andwedecoratedasmalltreewithpaper-linkchainsandornamentswe’dmadeinartclass.Itwasbeautiful.Bestofall,ithadtoberemovedfromtheclassroombeforeChristmasvacation.MissO’Keefesaidtherewouldbeadrawingforthetree.We’deachwriteournameonapieceofpaperandputitintheboxshehadprepared.Onthelastdayofschoolbeforevacation,she’ddrawanamefromthebox,andthatstudentcouldtakethetreehome.Great!ThatwasexactlywhatIwaslongingfor!SoIwrotemyname“HelenWheeler”neatlyonapieceofpaperandfoldeditcarefully.AsIputitintothebox,IwhisperedtoMissO’KeefethatIreallyhopedI’dwinthetreebecausemysisterandIwantedtogiveittoourneighbor.Thoughtherewere30childrenintheclassandeachmightwinthetree,IwassomehowcertainthatIwouldgetitbecauseourcausewasgood:WewantedtomakeMrsMuellerhappy.Thedaybeforevacationfinallyarrived.LaurelandIusuallywalkedtoandfromschool,butthatdayIpersuadedMomtopickusupinhercarafterschoolincaseIreallygotthetree.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Beforeschoolwasover,MissO’Keefeannounceditwastimeforthedrawing.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThenexteveningwewelcomedMrsMuellerbackatherdoor.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________源語篇語氣與情態(tài)分析導(dǎo)引句子語氣與情態(tài)分析AsIputitintothebox,IwhisperedtoMissO’KeefethatIreallyhopedI’dwinthetreebecausemysisterandIwantedtogiveittoourneighbor.動詞whisper,hope,want體現(xiàn)了人物的愿望，再現(xiàn)了人物對贏得那棵樹的期待。LaurelandIusuallywalkedtoandfromschool,butthatdayIpersuadedMomtopickusupinhercarafterschoolincaseIreallygotthetree.動詞persuade以及連接詞incase體現(xiàn)了人物心情之迫切，且對贏得那棵樹信心十足。【答案】

Beforeschoolwasover,MissO’Keefeannounceditwastimeforthedrawing.MyheartpoundedasMissO’Keefeputherhandintotheboxanddrewonefoldedpieceofpaperout.Thensheunfoldedthepaper.lookedatitandannounced.“Helenhaswonthetree!”Iwasbesidemyselfwithexcitement!AndI’llneverforgettheastonishmentonmymother’sfaceasmysisterandIcarriedthetreetohercar.SinceMomhadakeytoMrsMueller’shouse,wetookthetreestraighttoherlivingroomandsetituponatable.Itlookedsobeautiful!ThenexteveningwewelcomedMrsMuellerbackatherdoor.Sheslowlymadeherwayintothehouseandturnedonthelights.GreetedbythesparklingChristmastree.MrsMuellerwasrootedtothespot,lookingsurprised.Thenasweetsmileappearedonherfaceandtearswelledupinhereyes.“Thankyousomuch.shesaidsoftly.WhileLaurelandIwereexcitedlyrecountingthestory.itsuddenlydawnedonmethatMissO’Keefehadhelpedmeinasecretway:Thoughshehadannouncedmyname,shenevershowedanyonewhatwaswrittenonthatpieceofpaper!【寫作解析】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了米勒夫人是作者妹妹勞蕾爾和作者小時候的鄰居，米勒夫人住院了，于是作者決定在圣誕節(jié)的時候給她布置屋子。作者最后用抽到的圣誕樹布置了米勒夫人的屋子，米勒夫人非常感動。1.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“放學(xué)前，奧基夫老師宣布該抽簽了?！笨芍?，第一段可描寫作者他們抽到圣誕樹的經(jīng)過。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“第二天晚上，我們在米勒夫人的門口迎接她?！笨芍诙慰擅鑼懨桌辗蛉丝吹绞フQ樹的反應(yīng)以及作者反應(yīng)過來老師秘密幫助了自己。2.續(xù)寫線索：宣布抽簽——抽到圣誕樹——布置圣誕樹——米勒夫人回家——米勒夫人感動——作者感悟3.詞匯激活行為類：(1)跳動：pound/beat；(2)打開：unfold/open；(3)出現(xiàn)：appear/showup情緒類：(1)美麗：beautiful/pretty；(2)驚訝：surprised/astonishment/amazed【典型句式】[句型1]SinceMomhadakeytoMrsMueller’shouse,wetookthetreestraighttoherlivingroomandsetituponatable.(運用了since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句)[句型2]Thoughshehadannouncedmyname,shenevershowedanyonewhatwaswrittenonthatpieceofpaper!(運用了though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)綜合演練綜合演練B1．(2022·廣東茂名·模擬預(yù)測)閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Lightalampandwecanwarmaheart.Terrywasamiddle-agedleathertraderwhoserepeatedfailureincareermadehimadepressedman,oftencomplainingthathehadbeencheatedbyothersandcursedhisownmisfortune.Havingstayedinthecityforyears,hethoughtheaccomplishednothing.Oneday,hetoldhiswifehewassodisappointedwiththecitythathehadtoleaveitimmediately.So,hisfamilymovedtoanothercity,whichhethoughtwouldbringgoodfortunetohim.However,itwasnoteasyforpeopletomovetoanotherplace,fortheyhadtohandlequantitiesofstuffsandencountermanystrangers.Thewholefamilyreachedthereintheeveningofaweekend,withtheirclothesalmostwet.Itwasatoughrainynight.Thewindwashowlingdreadfullyandtherainwaspouringfromtheheaven,beatingagainstthebranchesoflinedtreesontheroad.Theworldwasswallowedwithaseaofdarkness.Tiredandwet,theydidn’thavetimetohavesupper.Terryandhiswifewerebusilytidyinguptheirnewhomewhenthelightsuddenlywentout.Worsestill,thesuddendarknessscaredhischildrentocryimmediately.Terry’swifehurriedtohugthemtoeasetheirtension.Terrywasregretfultohaveforgottentobringalongcandlesandhadtowaithelplesslyinalowmood.Justthen,heheardheavybuthesitantknocksonhisdoorthatcouldbeclearlyheardinthethunderingnight.Instantly,allthefamilyweretotallysilent,fortheywereallcuriousabouttheknocks.“Who’sit?”Terryasked,sincetheywerenewcomerstothiscitytheremustbenobodywhoknewthem.Tiredandbusy,heespeciallyhatedtobedisturbedatthemoment,sohedraggedhislegsslowlytothedoorandopeneditimpatiently.Actually,Terrydidn’trealizehisnegativebehaviorwouldhaveabadeffectonhischildrenatall!Outsidethewindow,thewindandthethunderingruledtheworldentirelyintheirpower.注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Paragraph1：Atthedoorwasalittlegirlwithwetraincoatandsparklingeyes.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2：Afterawhile,thedoorwasknockedagain.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Atthedoorwasalittlegirlwithwetraincoatandsparklingeyes.Sheshylyasked,“Sir,doyouhavecandles?I’myourneighbor.”“No,Ihadnothing.”answeredTerryinangerandshutthedoorviolently.“Whatanannoyingperson!”hecomplainedoveritthatnosoonerhadhesettleddownthantheneighborcametoborrowthings.Hiswifeandchildrenjuststoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayawordoropenthedoor.Then,theyheardthegirlrunningaway.Afterawhile,thedoorwasknockedagain.Heopeneditandfoundthesamegirloutside.Butthistimeshewasholdingtwocandles,saying,“IthoughtyoumightneedcandlessoI’mheretogiveyouthese.”Allthefamilywereverysurprisedbywhattheysawandheard.Atthatmoment,Terrysuddenlyrealizedwhatcausedhisfailureinlife.Itwashiscoldnessandindifferencewithothers.Thepersonwhohadcheatedhiminlifewasnobodyelsebuthimself,forhiseyeshadbeenruledbyhisunsympatheticmind.Guilty,hewasdeterminedtobealwaysgeneroustoothersandteachhischildrentobesofromthenon.(178words)2．(2022·山東青島·二模)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。MyfamilylivedinatinyapartmentinHoboken,NewJersey.EveryDecembermymomspreadthewordtoanyonealoneonChristmasEvethatshewouldbehavinganopenhouse.Mymombelievedthatnooneshouldbealoneduringtheholidays.Ifshecould,sheprobablywouldhaveputanadvertisementinthepaperinvitingtheworld.Asitwas,ourtinyapartmentwasstuffed,everyroombutmybedroomfilledwithpartyingadultsonChristmasEve.Sleepwasimpossible,butItriedtofallasleepanywaybecauseSantawouldnotleavegiftsforchildrenwhowereawake.AsIlayinbed,IwonderedhowSantawouldevenknowIwasasleepamidallthelaughterandhowhecouldsneakinandleavegiftswithallthosepeoplearound.TheChristmasEveOpen-Housetraditioncontinued.WhenIwas8yearsold,wemovedtothesuburb,wherewegottoliveinalovely,one-bedroomapartment.ThatfirstChristmasthere,mymominvitedanyoneshemetwhoshelearnedwouldbealoneonChristmasEve一neighbors,co-workers,shopgirls,thepostman...thelistwenton.Thenextyear,anewneighbormovedinnextdoor.HisnamewasGeorge,andhewasanoldergentleman.Healwaysnoddedagreetingwhenhesawus.ItwasaroundThanksgivingwhenwesawhimparkinhisspacenearours.Wewerebringingingroceries,andmymomaskedhimifhehadplansforthe.holiday.Whenhesaidno,andhewouldspenditalone,mymommentionedheropenhouseonChristmasEve.“Pleasejoinus,”Isaid.Hewasalreadyshakinghisheadno.“Butmom’sapplepieisreallyinviting.”“Iwon’tbegoodcompany,I’mafraid,”hesaid.“Ilostmywifeafewmonthsago.”Hiseyeswerefillwithtearsandheturnedaway.“Thankyouanyway!”hecalled.Hewentintohisapartmentandquicklyclosedthedoor.注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Ifeltabitdownanddecidedtodosomething._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ourfriendshipbegan,andsoonChristmasEvearrived._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________