時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致謂語動詞的五種基本形式（以do為例）1.動詞原形2.動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式3.動詞的過去式形式4.動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式5.動詞的過去分詞形式dodoesdiddoingdone動詞的時(shí)態(tài)=時(shí)間+狀態(tài)動詞時(shí)間：現(xiàn)在；過去；將來；過去將來動詞狀態(tài)：一般態(tài)；進(jìn)行態(tài)；完成態(tài)；完成進(jìn)行態(tài)現(xiàn)在將來過去過去將來進(jìn)行態(tài)完成態(tài)完成進(jìn)行態(tài)一般態(tài)4種時(shí)間×4種狀態(tài)＝16種時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在的4種時(shí)態(tài)過去的4種時(shí)態(tài)將來的4種時(shí)態(tài)過去將來的4種時(shí)態(tài)16種時(shí)態(tài)圖示匯總Part1一般時(shí)態(tài)

[系統(tǒng)歸納]1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)形式：do/does(2)用法：表示現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作或存在的狀態(tài)(3)時(shí)間狀語：always,everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually等一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)要點(diǎn)分析(1)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理(不受時(shí)態(tài)限制)。

Timeandtidewaitfornoman.

歲月不待人。

Theearthrevolvesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。

Thehumanbodycontainsabout60%water.

人體含有大約60%的水。(2)表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作，多用動作動詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。

Icefeelscoldandbecarefulnottotouchit.

Theseorangestastegoodandsellinthemarket.

Theyalwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.(3)表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如see,

hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,agree,believe,

like,hate,want,think,

belongto,seem等。Smithownsacar,buthelikesgoingtoworkbybike.

AllthestudentsherebelongtoNo.1MiddleSchool.(4)在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。(主將從現(xiàn))

I’llwritealettertoherwhenIhavetime.

Ifyouacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.(5)少數(shù)用于表示起止或轉(zhuǎn)移等的動詞如come,

go,

leave,arrive,fly,

return,start,begin,

open,close,

end,

stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。當(dāng)be表示根據(jù)時(shí)間或事先安排肯定會出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

ThestudentsareleavingforShanghaionSunday.

Theflighttakesoffat8:50andwillarriveinBeijingat11:30.

Theshopopensat8:00a.m.andclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.

TomorrowisThursday.2．一般過去時(shí)(1)形式：did(2)用法：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去(3)時(shí)間狀語：yesterday,theotherday,lastweek,thedaybeforeyesterday等一般過去時(shí)要點(diǎn)分析(1)一般過去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的具體時(shí)間狀語連用（或有上下文語境暗示）；用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事。

Wemetherinthestreetyesterday.

Whenhewasyoung,hetookcoldbathsregularly.

Ididn’texpecttoseeyoustudyingatthelibrary.(2)如果從句中有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間狀語，盡管從句的動作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動詞仍用過去時(shí)。

Hetoldmehereadaninterestingnovellastnight.3．一般將來時(shí)(1)形式：①will/shall＋動詞原形；②am/is/aregoingto＋動詞原形(2)用法：表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)砟骋欢螘r(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)(3)時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow,nextyear,in＋一段時(shí)間等4．過去將來時(shí)(1)形式：①should/would＋動詞原形；②was/were(going/about)to＋動詞原形(2)用法：表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)[注意]其他表示“將來”的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法①“begoingto＋動詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃打算要做某事或某種跡象預(yù)示著要發(fā)生某事。②“beto＋動詞原形”表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動作，也可表示禁止、命令、注定發(fā)生、應(yīng)該做的事等。③“beaboutto＋動詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事，該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。

[即學(xué)即練]1．ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety_______(address)theopeningceremonylastweek.解析：addressed

陳述過去的事情，用一般過去時(shí)。故填addressed。Part1一般時(shí)態(tài)2．Hequickly

(throw)histoolsaside,andstartedrunning,armsout.

解析：threw

and連接并列謂語，根據(jù)“started”可知，此處應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)。throw為動詞，意為“扔”，過去式為threw。

3．AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand

(sell)mostoftheirfurniture.

解析：sold這里描述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，且由and連接并列謂語可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。[系統(tǒng)歸納]時(shí)態(tài)謂語形式用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing①說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事②現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的事③與always等連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等語氣過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing①過去某一階段正在發(fā)生的事②過去某一時(shí)候正在發(fā)生的事Part2進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)will/shallbedoing將來某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動作

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將繼續(xù)下去續(xù)表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)要點(diǎn)分析(1)表示說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不一定是講話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作；表示近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃；go,come等表示位置移動的動詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)；與always,

often等頻度副詞連用，表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或表達(dá)某種感情色彩。Look,thetrainisjustgettingintothestation.Theriverisflowingafterlastnight’srain.

IammeetingMr.SmithZhangtonight.

WeareleavingforBeijingonFriday.

Thegirlisalwaystalkingwhilehavingameal.(2)下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。①表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,

want,

mind,

wish,(dis)agree,

mean,

need,doubt,prefer,realize,appreciate,recognize,remember,suppose,understand,astonish,deny,impress,please,satisfy等。②表示存在狀態(tài)的動詞：be,appear,concern,consist,contain,depend,deserve,exist,

lie,

remain,

seem,

belongto等。③表示行為結(jié)果的動詞：allow,accept,permit,

promise,

admit,complete等。④表示感官的動詞：see(看見),hear(聽見),feel(感覺出),taste(嘗出),smell(聞到),notice(注意),

observe(觀察),

look(看起來)等。（3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動作，這類動詞主要有：go，come，leave，stay，start，arrive，land，meet，move，return，stay，stop，do等?！癟hemomentiscomingsoon，”hethoughttohimself，waitingnervously.“這一刻就要來了，”他心里想，緊張地等待著。將來進(jìn)行時(shí)要點(diǎn)分析將來進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：atthistimetomorrow，thedayaftertomorrow，from1：30to4：30tomorrow等。Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow？明天這個(gè)時(shí)候你將在干什么？Part2進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

[即學(xué)即練]1．Henry

(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.

解析：wasfixing此處是句型was/weredoingsth.when...(正在做某事，這時(shí)……)。主語是Henry，故填wasfixing。2．Currently,about35,000works

(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.

解析：arebeingdisplayed根據(jù)上文“Currently(目前)”可知，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；display與主語works之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。[系統(tǒng)歸納]時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)謂語形式have/hasdonehaddone用法①到現(xiàn)在為止已發(fā)生或完成且對現(xiàn)在有影響

②從過去某一時(shí)刻一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在③用于特定句型中，如Itis(hasbeen)+一段時(shí)間+since從句This(That/It)isthefirst(second...)timethat+主語+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)①到過去某一時(shí)刻之前已完成，即過去的過去，常和bytheendof搭配②從過去某一時(shí)刻一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)間Part3完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間狀語already,just,yet,lately,recently,inthelast/pastfewdays/months/years,uptonow,tillnow,sofar，“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，“for＋時(shí)間段”等before,bythen,bythattime,bytheendof,bythetime等續(xù)表過去完成時(shí)要點(diǎn)分析常用過去完成時(shí)的幾種情況①在by,

bytheendof,

bythetime,until,

before,since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句的句子中。

Bytheendoflastyear,wehadremembered2,000words.

Thetrainhadjustleftbeforewereachedtherailwaystation.②表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用had

hoped

/

planned

/

meant

/

intended

/

thought

/

wanted

/

expected等或用上述動詞的過去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped

/

planned

...

+

tohavedone。

Wehadplannedtofinishtheworkinadvance,butwewereheldupbyaheavytrafficjam.③“時(shí)間名詞+before”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞+ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去時(shí)。

Hetoldmethathisfatherhaddiedatleast10yearsbefore.

He

leftschoolfiveyearsago.④在hardly/scarcely...when...,

nosooner...than...句式中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)，表示“一……就……”。當(dāng)hardly,scarcely,

nosooner置于句首時(shí)，其后要用部分倒裝。She

hadhardlyhadtimetositandhavearestwhenthephonerangagain.

=Hardlyhadshehadtimetositandhavearestwhenthephonerangagain.常用于過去完成時(shí)的固定句型：1.在hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。意思為“一……就……”。HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.我一到家就開始下雨。2.Itwas＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句。since從句用過去完成時(shí)。ItwasatleastthreemonthssinceIhadleftBeijing.我離開北京至少有三個(gè)月了。3.Itwasthefirst/second/...time＋(that)從句。從句用過去完成時(shí)。ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadchattedonlineinEnglish.這是我第一次用英語在網(wǎng)上聊天。4.Bythetime...起連詞的功能，引導(dǎo)從句，(表示過去時(shí)間的句子)＋主句(過去完成時(shí))。Bythetimehewasten,Tomhadbuiltachemistrylabhimself.到十歲的時(shí)候，湯姆已經(jīng)自己建了一個(gè)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。Part3完成時(shí)態(tài)

[即學(xué)即練]1．Inthelastfiveyears,Cao

(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa'shighestmountain.

解析：haswalked分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作謂語。根據(jù)空前的時(shí)間狀語“Inthelastfiveyears”可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語Cao表示單數(shù)意義，與walk之間為主動關(guān)系，故填haswalked。2．OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—__________

(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.

解析：havepromised根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語從句“sincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，又主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，故填havepromised。3．Itdoesn'timpresslikeGeorgeWashington'splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln'shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,

(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.

解析：hasproved/hasproven根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間狀語“sinceitopenedtothepublic”可知，此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填hasproved/hasproven。4．Byabout6000BC,people

(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.

解析：haddiscovered根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“Byabout6000BC(到大約公元前6000年為止)”可知，空格處的謂語動詞需用過去完成時(shí)，表示到過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為止已經(jīng)完成或發(fā)生的動作。

[系統(tǒng)歸納]

現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般式am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone進(jìn)行式am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone

Part4被動語態(tài)

完成式have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone1．各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成動詞被動語態(tài)的核心要點(diǎn)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be+過去分詞，口語中也用“get/

become+過去分詞”表示。被動語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動語態(tài)；強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài)(by短語有時(shí)可以省略)。1.使用被動語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題(1)主動變?yōu)楸粍訒r(shí)雙賓語的變化。

Myparentsgavemeabeautifulgiftonmybirthday.

→

A

beautifulgiftwasgiventome(bymyparents)onmybirthday.

→

Iwasgivena

beautifulgift(bymyparents)onmybirthday.(2)主動變?yōu)楸粍訒r(shí)，賓語成主語；(作補(bǔ)語的)不定式前需加to(位置不變)。

Thebossmadehimworkfor14hoursaday.

→

Hewasmadetowork

for14hoursaday(bytheboss).(3)短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。Shetookgoodcareofthechildreninthekindergarten.

→Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher)inthekindergarten.

Youshouldpayattentiontoyourwritingandspelling.

→Yourwritingandspellingskillshouldbepaidattentionto.(4)情態(tài)動詞，begoingto,

beto,

besureto,

haveto等結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時(shí)，只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)椤癰e+過去分詞”。Theycanrepairthe

machineintwodays.

→

The

machine

canberepairedintwodays.(5)當(dāng)句子的謂語為say,believe,

expect,think,know,

consider,

report等時(shí)，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：①謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，后跟動詞不定式。②用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示。

Peoplesay(that)Henryisadiligentboy.

→

Henryissaidtobeadiligentboy.

→

ItissaidthatHenryisadiligentboy.FewpeopleknowMarieCuriewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.

→

MarieCuriewasknowntobealsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.

→

ItisknownthatMarieCuriewasalsothemotherofaNobelPrizewinner.類似句型有：Itissaid

/

known

/

suggested

/

believed

/

hoped

/

thoughtthat...2.不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況(1)所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語，如：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto等。(2)表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞及系動詞，如：last,

hold,

contain,

fit,

cost,appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。(3)表示歸屬的動詞，如：have,

own,

belongto等。(4)表示“希望、意圖、喜好”的動詞，如：wish,

want,

hope,like,love,hate等。(5)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。3.主動形式表示被動意義的幾種情況：①表示主語的某種屬性特征或功能的動詞，如read,write,sell,wash,clean,cook,catch,draw,cut,photograph,peel等，常與well,badly,easily,smoothly等副詞連用，用主動形式表示被動意義。②系動詞appear,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,prove等后接形容詞作表語，用主動形式表示被動意義。③open,close,lock,move,keep等動詞常與won't,can't,wouldn't,hardly,scarcely等連用，及表示“開始”“結(jié)束”的動詞，如：begin,start,finish,end等，常用主動形式表示被動意義。4.被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況：

beseated坐著；

behidden躲藏；

belost迷路；

bedrunk喝醉；

bedressed穿著Part4被動語態(tài)

[即學(xué)即練]1．Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP

(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems...”

解析：isdesigned句子的主語TheGPNP表示單數(shù)意義，其與提示動詞design之間是動賓關(guān)系；且由上文可知，此句在陳述事實(shí)，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。2．Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelike—frequentlybyplane—

(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.

解析：isviewed/hasbeenviewed空處為句子的謂語部分，句子主語為動名詞短語“Travellingto...andthelike”，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)，與view為被動關(guān)系；再結(jié)合語境可知，此處可表示現(xiàn)在的情況或已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的對現(xiàn)在造成影響的動作，故填isviewed/hasbeenviewed。3．It

(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored．

解析：wasbuilt句子主語It與動詞build之間是被動關(guān)系，要用被動語態(tài)；根據(jù)語境和句意可知，城墻是在過去修建的，故要用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。[系統(tǒng)歸納]1．語法一致(1)主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；反之，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)“manya＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(3)由and或both...and...連接并列名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Part5主謂一致Manyaparentwasforcedtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.(4)主語后接with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,except,but,besides,aswellas,including,nolessthan等詞或短語時(shí)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與主語保持一致。(5)one,everyone,eachone,each...and...作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(6)不定代詞either,neither和由every-，some-，no-，any-等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(none后的謂語動詞根據(jù)情況可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù))I,togetherwithmymother,likeplayingfootball.2．意義一致(1)由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語，如果主語是同一個(gè)人、同一件事或同一個(gè)概念(and后面無冠詞)，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(2)family,class,group,team,company等集體名詞作主語時(shí)，如果表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示其中的成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Herteacherandherfriends

are

onholiday.

她的老師和朋友們都在度假中。Thepoetandwriterhas

producedmanyworks.

這位詩人兼作家寫出了許多作品。Theclassconsistsof25boysand20girls.

這個(gè)班由25個(gè)男生和20個(gè)女生組成。Theclassare

doingexperiments.

全班學(xué)生都在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。(3)police(警察)，people等形式上是單數(shù)，但通常被用作復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(4)blind,old,young,poor,rich等形容詞與the連用，表示一類人，在意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(5)news,maths,physics,politics(政治)等詞的形式是以-s結(jié)尾，但意義上是單數(shù)，作主語時(shí)謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(6)表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金錢的名詞作主語，通常被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(7)“the＋姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示“某夫婦/一家人”。作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Threethousandmilesis

alongdistance.

三千英里是一段很長的距離。3．就近一致(1)therebe句型或herebe句型中有并列主語時(shí)，謂語動詞be在數(shù)上與最近的主語保持一致。(2)由either...or(或者……或者)，neither...nor(既不……也不，兩者都不)，notonly...butalso(不但……而且),or(或者),whether...or(是……還是),not...but(不是……而是)等連接的并列名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與最近的主語保持一致。Part5主謂一致

[即學(xué)即練]1．Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat

(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareas...

解析：were

此處關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句，that在定語從句中作主語，指代先行詞areas，填空處在從句中作謂語，因?yàn)閠hat指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞，所以謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，根據(jù)“previously(以前)”可知用一般過去時(shí)。2．Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit

(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.

解析：was從句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式toputallthoserocksintoplace，再根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“then”可知，設(shè)空處需填was。3．Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreasedby2.1inwomenandmen.Incities,however,thegain

(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.解析：was此處是在講1985年至2017年間城市中人們的BMI值增加的情況，是描述過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)；主語thegain為單數(shù)，故填was。[思維構(gòu)建]動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式一般態(tài)進(jìn)行態(tài)完成態(tài)完成進(jìn)行態(tài)現(xiàn)在主動do/doesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/hasbeendoing被動am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone/過去主動didwas/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing被動was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone/動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式一般態(tài)進(jìn)行態(tài)完成態(tài)完成進(jìn)行態(tài)將來主動shall/willdoshall/willbedoingshall/willhavedoneshall/willhavebeendoing被動shall/willbedoneshall/willbebeingdoneshall/willhavebeendone/過去將來主動shoulddoshould/wouldbedoingshould/wouldhavedoneshould/wouldhavebeendoing被動should/wouldbedoneshould/wouldbebeingdoneshould/wouldhavebeendone/Assessment[基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)]1．Thiscoastalarea

(name)anationalwildlifereservelastyear.2．Formanyyears,people

(dream)ofelectriccars.However，makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.was

namedhave

dreamed3．Overthepastdecades,seaice___________________(decrease)intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.4．Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebody___________(break)intotheofficeduringthenight.5．—Hi,Torry！CanIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon? —Sorry.It

(repair)．has

been

decreasinghad

brokenis

being

repaired6．LookattheprideonTom'sface.He

(seem)tohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.7．Jim

(watch)alatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.8．Didyoupredictthatmanystudents

(sign)upforthedancecompetition?seemswas

watchingwould

sign9．Atpresent,oneoftheargumentsinfavorofthenewairport

(be)thatitwillbringalotofjobstothearea.10．Eric,aswellashisfriends,

(be)forthetourplanatthemeetingyesterday.iswas

語法集訓(xùn)題組一

動詞時(shí)態(tài)集訓(xùn)單句語法填空1.SalesofCDshavedeclineddramaticallysincetheearly2010s,whenpeople______(begin)toenjoymusicdownloadedfromtheinternet.2.Withpeoplepayingattentiontofitness,self-servicemini-gyms,eachcoveringabout5squareMeters,____________(spring)upinChina’smajorcitiestheseyears.3.Wecanfindbeautifullightintheotherperson,whichmaybepreciselywhatwe___________________(search)forallalong.beganhavesprunghavebeensearching4.Whenyouareabsorbedinabookorsimplytryingtorest,itseemsthatthephone__________

(ring)continuously,destroyingyourmomentarypeace.5.WeiboaswellasWeChat______(serve)asamediaplatformforpeopletosharetheirthoughtsinstantlywithoutlimitsofplaceortime.

6.Atsixty,MaughamdecidedtowithdrawfromthetheaterandwroteTheSummingUp,inwhichhetriedtoreviewwhathe___________(learn)fromhislifeandliterature.

7.Linda____________(attend)tohermotherforsolongthatshefiguresoutalmosteverygestureofhermother’s.isringingserveshadlearnedhasattended8.Housingpriceshavebeenincreasingsinceafewyearsago.Therefore,it’stimethecentralgovernment________________(take)someeffectivemeasurestobringthemundercontrol.It'stimethat用法9.Theeventthat________(stand)outinmymemoryhappenedonemorningin1983whenIwas14yearsold.Ithasneverescaped.10.Astudyshowsaworryingtendencythatthewindowforsavingtheworld’scoralreefsfromtheeffectsofglobalwarming_________(close)rapidly.shouldtake/tookstandsisclosingIt'stime(that)

+從句,time可由high,about修飾，從句中的謂語動詞有兩種形式:1.用動詞的過去式(be用were);2.用shoud+動詞原形（should不能省略)。此句型為虛擬語氣句型，表示“現(xiàn)在某人該做某事了”。例:It'stime(that)wewent/shouldgotobed.

我們該去睡覺了。lt'shightimethatthearticlewerepublished/shouldbepublished.發(fā)表這篇文章是適時(shí)的。題組二

動詞被動語態(tài)集訓(xùn)單句語法填空1.Throughoutthehistoryofmovie-making,Shakespeare’splays__________________(adapt)forfilmsmorethantheworksofanyotherwriter.2.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwhois_________(blame)forthespoiledchild.3.Ifcitynoises_____________(notkeep)fromincreasing,peoplewillhavetoshouttobeheardevenatdinner.4.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,______________