考研英語閱讀模擬試題SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text3HealthinsurancepremiumsintheU.S.significantlyincreasedbetween1999and2024,outpacingtherateofworkerearningsbythreetimes,accordingtonewlypublishedresearchinJAMANetworkOpen.Premiumscanriseifthecostsofthemedicalservicestheycoverincrease.Usingconsumerpriceindicesbasedonfederaldata,researchersfoundthatthecostofhospitalservicesincreasedthemost,whilephysicianservicesandprescriptiondrugsrosemoreslowly.Someofthepremiumincreasescanbeattributedtoanincreaseinhospitaloutpatientvisitsandcoverageofnewdrugs.Butresearchsuggeststhatpremiumshaverapidlyescalatedmostlybecausehealthsystemconsolidation—whenhospitalsandotherhealthcareentitiesmerge—hasledhospitalstoraisepriceswellabovetheircosts.HospitalsareaggressivelyraisingtheirpriceslargelybecausehospitalCEOshaveincentivestodoso.Onestudyfoundthatfornonprofithealthsystems,thegreatestpayincreasesbetween2012and2019wenttoCEOswhogrewtheprofitsandsizeoftheirorganizationsthemost.However,thefinancialrewardfordeliveringabove-averagequalityofcaredeclined.Increasedcharitycare—freeservicesnonprofithospitalsmustprovidetopatientswhocannotaffordmedicalcare—wasnotsignificantlytiedtoCEOcompensation.BoardmemberssetperformancecriteriathatdeterminethebasesalaryandbonuspaymentsforCEOs.OverhalfofboardmembersattopU.S.hospitalshaveprofessionalbackgroundsinfinanceorbusiness.Asaresult,researchershaveraisedconcernsthatfinancialsuccessisthedominantpriorityattheseinstitutions.Onewaytoensurethatnonprofithospitalsmakecommunityhealthatoppriorityistorequiretheirboardstodiscloseexecutivecompensationguidelines,similartothetransparencyrequiredoffor-profitcompanies.Thegeneralpubliccouldthenpressurecompaniestoputgreaterweightonaffordabilityandqualityofcarewhensettingperformancetargets.Someeconomistsalsosuggestthathospitalpricesberegulated,involvingcappingpricesatthemostexpensivehospitalsandrestrictingpricegrowth.Employers,whobearthebulkofpremiumincreases,couldincludemorepricesensitivitywhendesigningbenefits.Onestudyfoundthatahealthinsuranceplanthatintroducedthreecopaymentlevelscorrespondingtothreehospitaltiersoflow,medium,andhighpricesachievedsavingsof8%perhospitalstayafterthreeyears,withnoevidenceofareductioninquality.Restrainingpricegrowthamongnonprofithospitalswouldintroducegreaterpricecompetitiontothehealthcaremarket.Themissionstatementsofthesesystemsoftenexpressadesiretoservethevulnerable.Enforcingthiscouldtriggerarippleeffect,likelyforcingfor-profitproviderstolowertheirpricesaswell.31.Accordingtothetext,thesharpriseininsurancepremiumsischieflyattributedto______.[A]thewidespreadcoverageofexpensivenewdrugs

[B]theinflationofphysicianservicefeesnationwide

[C]theconsolidationwithinthehealthcaresystem

[D]theincreasedfrequencyofoutpatientvisits32.ThestudyonnonprofithealthsystemsrevealsthatCEOcompensationislargelydeterminedby______.[A]theexpansionoforganizationalscaleandprofit

[B]theprovisionofcharitycaretothepoor

[C]theimprovementofpatientrecoveryrates

[D]theprofessionalbackgroundofboardmembers33.Theauthorsuggeststhatboardmembersofnonprofithospitalsshould______.[A]consistprimarilyofmedicalprofessionals

[B]banfinancialincentivesforexecutives

[C]setrigidpricecapsforallservices

[D]increasetransparencyregardingexecutivepay34.Theexampleofthetieredcopaymentplan(Para.6)servestoprovethat______.[A]employersarebearingtoomuchofthepremiumburden

[B]costsavingscanbeachievedwithoutsacrificingquality

[C]employeespreferhigh-deductiblehealthplans

[D]strictregulationsarenecessaryforpricecontrol35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrestrainingnonprofithospitalpricescould______.[A]compromisethemissionofservingvulnerablecommunities

[B]forcefor-profitproviderstoexitthemarket

[C]stimulatecompetitionandlowercostsmarket-wide

[D]leadtoasignificantincreaseindeductiblelevels附注：根據(jù)歷年考研英語真題閱讀題源外刊等，摘選最新文章，模擬仿真出題。參考答案見以下。聞溫書在頹敗的氛圍和時勢下仍然保持美態(tài)不改。92篇原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容公眾號Quicklook:CADBC31.【答案】C【解析】題型：因果細(xì)節(jié)題定位：第二段第二句"Butresearch...suggeststhatpremiumshaverapidlyescalatedmostlybecausehealthsystemconsolidation...hasledhospitalstoraiseprices..."分析：文章雖然提到了新藥和門診訪問（選項(xiàng)A和D）是部分原因（Someof...），但明確指出“mostlybecause”（主要是因?yàn)椋┬l(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的整合（consolidation）導(dǎo)致醫(yī)院提高價格。干擾項(xiàng)：[A]"coverageofnewdrugs"是部分原因，非主要原因。[B]第一段末尾明確說"physicianservices...rosemoreslowly"。[D]"outpatientvisits"同樣被列為次要因素。32.【答案】A【解析】題型：細(xì)節(jié)題定位：第三段第二句"...thegreatestpayincreases...wenttohospitalCEOswhogrewtheprofitsandsizeoftheirorganizationsthemost."分析：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，非營利性醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的CEO薪酬增長主要流向了那些讓組織利潤和規(guī)模增長最多的人。干擾項(xiàng)：[B]原文說"charitycare...wasnotsignificantlytiedtoCEOcompensation"。[C]原文說"financialrewardofdeliveringabove-averagequality...declined"。[D]這是第四段提到的董事會成員的背景，而不是決定CEO薪酬的直接指標(biāo)。33.【答案】D【解析】題型：建議/細(xì)節(jié)題定位：第五段第一句"Oneway...istorequiretheirboardstodisclosetheirexecutivecompensationguidelines..."分析：作者提出的建議是要求董事會披露（disclose）高管薪酬準(zhǔn)則，即增加透明度（increasetransparency）。干擾項(xiàng)：[A]文中提到目前董事會多為金融背景，引發(fā)擔(dān)憂，但建議部分是說“披露信息”，未直接說必須換人。[B]文中建議關(guān)注“affordabilityandquality”，并未說要完全禁止物質(zhì)激勵。[C]這是后文提到的"Someeconomists"的建議（regulate/capping），并非作者針對董事會提出的直接要求（requiretheirboardsto...）。34.【答案】B【解析】題型：例證題定位：第六段"...achievedsavingsof8%...withnoevidenceofareductioninquality."分析：引用分級共付額計(jì)劃（tieredcopaymentlevels）的研究是為了說明可以在不降低質(zhì)量（withoutsacrificingquality）的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)成本節(jié)約（costsavings）。干擾項(xiàng)：[A]這是背景陳述，不是該例子要證明的觀點(diǎn)。[C]例子講的是"threecopaymentlevels"，未提及員工偏好高免賠額。[D]這是第五段經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，不是該例子的結(jié)論。35.【答案】C【解析】題型：推斷題定位：最后一段"Restrainingpricegrowth...wouldintroducegreaterpricecompetition...likelyforcingfor-profitproviderstolowertheirpricesaswell."分析：文章最后指出，限制非營利醫(yī)院的價格增長會引入競爭，并迫使?fàn)I利性提供商也降低價格，從而產(chǎn)生廣泛的市場影響（market-wide）。干擾項(xiàng)：[A]文中說這反而符合其"mission"（服務(wù)弱勢群體），而非妥協(xié)。[B]文中說迫使他們"lowertheirprices"，沒說要退出市場。[D]文中未提及免賠額（deductible）會增加?！緟⒖甲g文】根據(jù)我們最近發(fā)表在《JAMANetworkOpen》期刊上的研究，1999年至2024年間，美國的健康保險保費(fèi)大幅上漲，其增速是工人工資增速的三倍。如果保險涵蓋的醫(yī)療服務(wù)成本增加，保費(fèi)就會上漲。研究人員利用基于聯(lián)邦數(shù)據(jù)的消費(fèi)者價格指數(shù)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在醫(yī)療保健的主要組成部分中，醫(yī)院服務(wù)的成本增加最多，而醫(yī)生服務(wù)和處方藥的成本上升較慢。部分保費(fèi)上漲可歸因于醫(yī)院門診