9/9UNIT1單元仿真驗收性評價(時間：100分鐘，滿分：120分。)第一部分：閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AHerearetheintroductionsandachievementsoffourscientists.J?nsJacobBerzeliusJ?nsJacobBerzeliuswasaSwedishchemist,oftenreferredtoasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry.Hedevelopedasystemofchemicalsymbols,whichlaidthefoundationfortheestablishmentofthemodernperiodictable.Berzeliusalsomadeimportantdiscoveriesinthefieldofelectrochemistry.NielsHenrikDavidBohrNielsHenrikDavidBohrwasaDanishphysicist.Heproposedtheatomic(原子的)modelknownastheBohrmodel,whichexplainedthebehaviorofelectronsmovinginfixedenergylevelsororbitsaroundtheatomicnucleus.Hismodelhelpedexplainthespectraofelementsandlaidthegroundworkforfurtherdevelopmentsinatomicphysics.RobertBoyleRobertBoyle,borninIreland,wasregardedasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry,knownforBoyle'slaw.Boyle'slawdescribestherelationshipbetweenthepressureandvolume(體積)ofagasatconstanttemperature.Boyle'sworklaidthefoundationforthemodernunderstandingofgasbehaviorandpromotedthedevelopmentofscientificexperimentalmethods.WilliamLawrenceBraggWilliamLawrenceBraggwasaBritishphysicistborninAustraliawhomadesignificantcontributionstoX-raycrystallography(晶體學(xué))．TogetherwithhisfatherWilliamHenryBragg,hedevelopedthefamousBragg'slaw.Thisdiscoveryrevolutionizedthefieldofcrystallographyandpavedthewayfordeterminingtheatomicandmolecularstructuresofvarioussubstances,includingDNAandproteins.1．WhatdowesayaboutJ?nsJacobBerzelius?A．Heinventedanewchemicalsubstance.B．Heestablishedthemodernperiodictable.C．Hewasreferredtoasafounderofmodernphysics.D．Hemadeimportantachievementsinthefieldofelectrochemistry.2．WhowasborninIreland?A．J?nsJacobBerzelius.B．NielsHenrikDavidBohr.C．RobertBoyle.D．WilliamLawrenceBragg.3．WhatdoNielsHenrikDavidBohrandWilliamLawrenceBragghaveincommon?A．TheywereborninDenmark.B．Theymadeacontributiontophysics.C．Theydiscoverednewmodelsforchemistry.D．Theydidresearchtogetherwiththeirfamily.BJohnvonNeumannwastheoldestof3childrenofabanker,andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician,andheandhisfatherreachedanagreement,andvonNeumannwenttostudychemistry.In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1930,theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed,andin1933hebecameoneofthe6full-timeprofessorsintheSchoolofMathematics(Einsteinwasoneoftheothers)．WorldWarⅡ(1931－1945)hugelychangedvonNeumann'sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpuremathematician.After1940,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicaltheoriesintopractice.Duringthelastpartofthewarhebecameinterestedinmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcomputingcontributions.Afterthewar,vonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithcomputers,andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmanyawards,waspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergyCommission.Hediedofcancerin1957.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplaceinhistory.Heisrememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.VonNeumannisreallyalegendinhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofhislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway：“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”4．WhatdidvonNeumann'sfatherbelieveaccordingtothetext?A．Amathematiciancouldn'tearnalotofmoney.B．Amathematicianneededagoodmemory.C．VonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametime.D．VonNeumannhadthegiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeed.5．WhendidvonNeumannpublishhisfirstbook?A．Attheageof25. B．Attheageof26.C．Attheageof29. D．Attheageof32.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“firm”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Strong. B．Small.C．Famous. D．Weak.7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnvonNeumannaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Calm. B．Brave.C．Intelligent. D．Humorous.CWhatarescientists?Theyareoftendescribedasgray-hairedwhite-coateddullscholars.Buttheworldhaschanged.Youngscientistsaremakingtheirvoicesheardandreleasingtheirpowersontheworldstage.ThisisalsotrueinChina.RisingstarsincludenewmaterialsexpertGongYongji,universityprofessorLiuMingzhen,andbiologistWangRuixue.Attheageof28in2018,WangRuixuereceivedthe2018Science&SciLifeLabPrizeforYoungScientists.Thisisaglobalprizetorewardoutstandingscientistsatanearlystageoftheircareers.Shefocusesmainlyonbiomedicine(生物醫(yī)學(xué))andartificialintelligence.“Botharecutting-edge(前沿的)technologiesatanearlystageofdevelopment，”shesaid.“So,Ithinktheyhavegreatpotentialtobedeveloped.Ithinkinthestudyofcutting-edgetechnologies,Chinaandotherleadingcountriesintheworldarestandingonthesamestartingline.Andinthestudyofstructuralbiology,Chinaislikelytobecometheleader.”Shefeltitwasherfatetobecomeabiologist.“IgrewinterestedinthenaturalworldwhenIwasveryyoung，”shesaid.In2009,sheenteredSunYat-senUniversity.Inherthirdyearattheuniversity,sherealizedthatshewantedtodosomethingrelatedtobiomedicine.SosheemailedChina'stopbiologistShiYigong,hopingtojoinhislabatTsinghuaUniversity.Shirecognizedhertalentandwelcomedher.Yearsofeffortsatthelabhavepaidoff.Herresearchonthehigh-definition3Dstructureofspliceosomeledtoascientificbreakthrough.Unlikemanyofotheryoungscientistswhochoosetopursuefurtherstudyabroad,Wangcurrentlyhasnoplantogooverseas.“ThewholeecosystemforscientificresearchiscontinuallyimprovinginChina，”shesaid,addingthecountryhasgreatsciencefacilities.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“releasing”inparagraph2mean?A．Givingout. B．Gettingover.C．Findingout. D．Takingover.9．WhatdoesWangRuixuefeelaboutthestudyofcutting-edgetechnologiesinChina?A．Anxious. B．Confident.C．Disappointed. D．Satisfied.10．WhatcanwelearnaboutWangRuixue'sjourneyofbecomingabiologist?A．Herteacherledherintothefield.B．Shefindsit'seasierthanshethought.C．Hercontributionhasbeenrecognized.D．Shethinksit'sboringbutworthtrying.11．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．China'sBreakthroughinScienceB．RisingYoungScientistsinChinaC．ASuccessfulYoungScientistStudyingAbroadD．NewImageofChineseScientistsDFailureisanunavoidablepartoflife.Thoughsciencehasnamedsomelifeskillsthatpromisesuccess,we'retoldoverandoveragainthatnogreatsuccesswaseverachievedwithoutfailure—ormanyfailedattempts.Oneoflife'smostimportantlessons,therefore,hastobehowtohandlefailurebest.Butwhatisthemessage?Forstarters,ignoreadvicefromanyonethattellsyou,“Don'tbeatyourselfupaboutit,”nomatterhowwell-meaningtheyare.AccordingtothenewresearchfromtheUniversityofKansas,weabsolutelyshouldbebeatingourselvesupwhenwefail.MarketingprofessorNoelleNelsonandherteamfoundthatthemoreemotionalaperson'sresponseistofailure,themorelikelytheyaretoachievebetterresultsthenexttimetheydealwitharelatedtask.Theresearcherscarriedouttwoexperimentsinwhichundergraduatestudentswererequiredtoperformspecifictasks.Inoneexperiment,theywereaskedtosearchonlineforasqueezerandreportthelowestpricetheycouldfindwiththepossibilityofwinningaD|S50cashprize.However,thetaskwascontrolled,andallparticipantsweretold(byacomputer)thatthelowestpricewasD|S3.27lessthantheirreportedprice.Consequently,noparticipantwonthecashprize.Whentheresultswereannounced,someparticipantswereaskedtofocusontheiremotionalresponse,andothersontheircognitiveresponse.Duringthenextsimilartask,participantswhofocusedontheiremotionalresponsetofailuremademoreeffortthanthosewhofocusedonacognitiveresponse.Everybodyhastheirownuniquechallenges,responsibilities,duties,andprojects,butthesefindingsarerelatedtoallofus.Yourpersonalfailuremaybeacakethatfailstorise,apresentationthatgoeswrong,oradeadlinethatgetsmissed—itdoesn'tmatter.Whatmattersishowyoureacttoit.Insteadofthinkingaboutthefailure,letyourselffeelbadaboutit.Thenfollowthisadviceonhowtobouncebackafteryourfailure.12．What'stherelationshipbetweenfailureandsuccess?A．Failurepromisessuccess.B．Failureisthekeytosuccess.C．Failuredoesdamagetosuccess.D．Well-handledfailureisgoodforsuccess.13．Whydoesthewritersupportbeatingoneselfupwhenfailing?A．It'sawell-meaningsuggestionforfailure.B．It'sbeenprovedbythestudyofauniversity.C．Beingemotionalisgoodforone'sfuturesuccess.D．Itcanmakepeoplelessemotionalaboutfailure.14．Whatisthepurposeofthetwoexperiments?A．Totesttheparticipants'abilitiestosearchonline.B．Toimprovetheparticipants'cognitiveresponse.C．Toteachtheparticipantstoavoidfailures.D．Totestthebenefitofemotionalresponsetofailure.15．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PersonalFailureIsaCakeThatFailstoAppearB．TheMostProductiveWaytoHandleAnyFailureC．DifferentMethodstoChangeFailureintoSuccessD．TheReasonWhyFailureIstheMotherofSuccess第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。CharacteristicsofanexcellentscientistThedictionarydefinesascientistasapersonhavingprofessionalknowledgeononeormoresciences,especiallynaturalscienceorphysicalscience.Italsodefinesascientistassomeonewhousesscientificmethods.__16__Curiosity.__17__ScientistssuchasThomasEdisonandGeorgeWestinghousediscoveredthingsmainlybecausetheywantedtoknowhowthingswork.Withoutadrivetoaskquestionsorevenwonder,ascientistwillnevergettothefirststageofthescientificprocess.Patience.Becomingascientisttakesalongtime.Thereareveryfewjobsthattakelongerthanthisone.__18__Ifyou'reaninstant-gratification(即時滿足)typeofperson,thismaynotbethebestchoiceforyou.Ethical(道德的)qualities.Inordertotrulydiscoveranduseknowledgeforthegreatergood,ascientistmusthaveadesiretoimprovepeople'slifeaswellastheenvironment,sincetheyarelinkedandtheycanaffectoneanotherinthelongrun.__19__Stickingtoanoldbeliefcontradictedwithevidenceisdishonest.However,thatbeliefshouldn'tbechangedwithoutpowerfulevidence.__20__Anexcellentscientisteventakesnotesofthesmallestobservationandkeepsitinmind.He/Shecanworkwellaloneoringroupsdependingonwhat'sneeded,andhe/shealsoneedstocommunicatethoughtsonpaperandverbally.Networkingconnectshim/herwithcolleaguesworkingonsimilarprojectswherehe/shemaydiscoversomethingnew.A．Workingtime.B．Workinghabits.C．Let'slookatsomecharacteristicsofanexcellentscientist.D．Anexcellentscientistmustbeverycuriousaboutthings.E．Oneofthemainplacesthatmanyscientistsworkinistheresearchlaboratory.F．Youstillhavemuchscientificresearchtodoevenifyoureceivededucationonscience.G．Ascientistmustreportfindingshonestlyregardlessofpersonalinterestsorpublicopinion.第二部分：語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。DennisHongdesignsandmakeshuman-likerobots.Robots,Hongnotes,areintelligentmachinesthatdotheworkhumansareoftenunableor__21__todo.Whenhewassevenyearsold,hewas__22__bytworobotsinamovie.Onthewaybackhomeinthecar,hetoldhisparentsthathewasgoingtobecomea(n)__23__.AsHongbecameolder,hestartedto__24__whatengineeringactuallyis.Whenhewasinelementaryschool,he__25__math.HegotallA'sinscience,buthismathresultwasreally__26__.Hisfathertoldhimthatengineerssolveproblemsintheworldbyusingscienceasa__27__andmathematicsasalanguage.Eventhoughhedislikedmath,herealizedthathehadtostudyithardertofollowhis__28__ofbecominganengineer.Hongthinks__29__comefromeverywhereandatanytime.Histhree-leggedrobotSTriDERisafantastic__30__.Once,hesawanelderlyladydealingwithher__31__.Shehadthreestrands(股)ofit,andthenputonestrandthroughtheothertwo.__32__，thehairstartedtolooklikelegsforHong.He__33__designingSTriDERafterbraidedhair.Hongsaidthatpeopleonsocialmediaareeagertoseehissuccesses,notthe__34__thatcamebeforethem.However,iftherobotdoesn'tfallor__35__，hedoesn'tgettolearnanything.21．A.unwilling B．unluckyC．confident D．free22．A.protected B．impressedC．comforted D．supported23．A.engineer B．a(chǎn)stronautC．hairdresser D．teacher24．A.change B．doubtC．remember D．learn25．A.enjoyed B．understoodC．ignored D．chose26．A.familiar B．perfectC．unsatisfactory D．irregular27．A.secret B．toolC．belief D．goal28．A.dream B．orderC．question D．recommendation29．A.truths B．responsibilitiesC．ideas D．principles30．A.image B．signC．example D．wish31．A.rope B．clothC．sweater D．hair32．A.Absolutely B．SuddenlyC．Originally D．Exactly33．A.gaveup B．endedupC．kepton D．putoff34．A.arguments B．a(chǎn)dventuresC．failures D．performances35．A.break B．protestC．hesitate D．disappear第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Atjust33,ZhanChunpeihasalreadyachievedseveralsignificant36.____________(milestone)inhermaritime(海的)career.SheisthecaptainoftheHaixun01,a5,000-tonpatrolvessel(巡邏艇)37.______________(belong)totheShanghaiMaritimeSafetyAdministration,andmanagesa35-personcrew,makingher38.____________firstfemalecaptainofapublicoceangoingshipinChina,andshehasparticipatedin20majorsearchandrescuemissions,includingthesearch39.____________themissingMalaysiaAirlinesflightMH370.Zhan40.____________(begin)hermaritimecareerattheShanghaiMaritimeSafetyAdministrationaftergraduatingfromtheShanghaiMaritimeUniversityin2013.Despitehavingavarietyofopportunitiesopentoher,shechosetodevote41.____________(she)tolifeatsea.“Icallmyselfareal‘sister42.____________makeswaves’，”shetellsChinaDailyinanexclusiveinterview.Shenotesthatthegreatestpressure43.____________(probable)comesfromtheattentionshereceivesasoneofthefewwomeninthefield.“WhenIfirststarted,Ihadtofindawaytointegratewiththeteam.Myfirststepwas44.______________________(accept),thentoachieveresults,andgain45.__________________(recognize)，”shesays,recallingherearlydaysonboard.第三部分：寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)(建議教師批閱)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)生活中有許多值得你欽佩的人，比如你的老師、同學(xué)、朋友等。請你以李華的名義以“ThePersonIAdmire”為題，寫一篇有關(guān)你所欽佩的人的短文。內(nèi)容包括：1．所欽佩的人的簡介；2.所欽佩的人的主要貢獻或讓你欽佩的原因。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式作答。ThePersonIAdmire________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。TheveryfirstspeechIhadgivenchangedmylifemorethanIcouldeverhaveimagined.Iwasathird-graderwhenIchoseSusanB．Anthonytobethetopic.WhenIgottheassignment,IwenttothelibraryandbeganresearchingtheWomen'sFightfortheRighttoVote.Ineverreallythoughtaboutatimewhenwomenhadnovotingrightsandthattheiropinionsdidn'tcount.IlearnedthatSusanB．Anthonyledthefighttogivewomenasayinoursociety.Sheovercamealotofobstaclesinordertodothat.Aboutaweekaftergivingmyschoolspeech,mymomreadanewspaperarticleaboutastatuehonoringSusanB．Anthony.Theproblemwasthatfewpeopleevergottoseethestatue.Itwasdedicated(落成)in1921,butwithintwenty-fourhoursitwastakendowntothebasementandstoredwhereithadremainedfornearlyeightyyears.WhenIreadthatarticle,Iwasgettingangry!Thisstatuebelongedinaplaceofhonor.Ifeltthatitshouldbeintheroundhall,alongwiththestatuesofAbrahamLincoln,MartinLutherKingJr,andGeorgeWashington.Thearticleaskedfordonationsbecauseitwouldtake$74,000tomovethethirteen-tonstatueoutofthebasement.Idecidedtowritealetterwithaself-addressedenvelopeaskingmyrelativesandfriendstosendaSusanB．Anthonycoinora$1billtometocontributetotheWomen'sVotingStatueCampaign.EverydayIrantothemailboxafterschool.Butamonthlater,mypiggybankwasstillfarfromfull.Soeverynight,aftermyhomework,Iwrotemorelettersatthekitchentable.Prettysoonthewholefamilygotinvolvedintheproject.Myseven-year-oldbrother,David,preparedstampsandenvelopes.MymotherandgrandmotherfoundaddressesforpeopleIwantedtocontactandmydaddrovemearoundandgavemetonsofencouragementwhenIspoketobiggroups.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式作答。Ipassedaroundapiggybankfordonationsattheendofeachspeech.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IwasinterviewedonTV.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________單元仿真驗收性評價答案UNIT1單元仿真驗收性評價第一部分[A]語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四位科學(xué)家和他們的成就。1．選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)J?nsJacobBerzelius部分中的“Berzeliusalsomade...electrochemistry.”可知，他在電化學(xué)方面做出了重要發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D。2．選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RobertBoyle部分中的“RobertBoyle,...Boyle'slaw.”可知，羅伯特·波義耳出生在愛爾蘭。故選C。3．選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NielsHenrikDavidBohr部分中的“Hismodelhelped...physics.”和WilliamLawrenceBragg部分中的“WilliamLawrenceBragg...proteins.”可知，他們都對物理學(xué)做出了貢獻。故選B。[B]語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了著名科學(xué)家約翰·馮·諾伊曼的生平經(jīng)歷、取得的重大成就以及關(guān)于他的一則有趣的故事。4．選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“At17,hisfather...beingamathematician”可知，馮·諾伊曼的父親認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)家往往過的是貧窮的生活，掙不了很多錢。故選A項。5．選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.”和第二段中“Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.”可知，馮·諾伊曼1926年時是23歲，他出版第一本書的時候是1932年，因此當(dāng)時他29歲。故選C項。6．選A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributions”和下文“Heisrememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.”可知，馮·諾伊曼做出了偉大的貢獻，他的才智是舉世公認(rèn)的。由此推知，這些貢獻為他在歷史上贏得了穩(wěn)固的地位。firm意思應(yīng)該是“穩(wěn)固的，牢固的”，與strong意思一致。故選A項。7．選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Hereportedone...mypath.”可知，馮·諾依曼在報告開車事故時，將自己與樹木之間的動與靜的狀態(tài)顛倒，讓人忍俊不禁。由此可知，他非常幽默。故選D項。[C]語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。越來越多的年輕科學(xué)家投身科學(xué)研究，對社會做出了巨大的貢獻。他們對中國的科學(xué)技術(shù)和科學(xué)研究充滿自信。8．選A詞義猜測題。由畫線詞所在句可知，在世界舞臺上，年輕的科學(xué)家正發(fā)出自己的聲音，釋放自己的能量。由此猜測出，releasing有“發(fā)出，散發(fā)”之意。9．選B推理判斷題。由第五段內(nèi)容可知，對中國前沿技術(shù)的研究，王瑞雪充滿信心。10．選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，在成為生物學(xué)家的過程中，她的付出得到了認(rèn)可。11．選B標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，特別是由第二、三段可知，在世界舞臺上，年輕的科學(xué)家們正在發(fā)出他們的聲音，釋放他們的能量。所以“中國正在崛起的年輕科學(xué)家”適合作文章標(biāo)題。[D]語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。失敗是我們?nèi)松胁豢杀苊獾囊徊糠?。本文就如何更有成效地處理失敗提出了一些建議。12．選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Oneoflife'smostimportantlessons,therefore,hastobehowtohandlefailurebest.”可知，處理好失敗的問題對成功是有好處的。13．選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“...themoreemotionalaperson'sresponseistofailure,themorelikelytheyaretoachievebetterresultsthenexttimetheydealwitharelatedtask.”可知，對失敗的反應(yīng)越強烈，下一次處理相關(guān)問題的時候就越能取得較好的結(jié)果。14．選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Duringthenextsimilartask,participantswhofocusedontheiremotionalresponsetofailuremademoreeffortthanthosewhofocusedonacognitiveresponse.”可知，這兩個實驗是為了驗證失敗的情感反應(yīng)對以后成功的益處。15．選B標(biāo)題歸納題。本文就如何更有成效地處理失敗提出了一些建議。語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。作者通過這篇文章向讀者介紹了優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家應(yīng)該具有的性格特征與優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。16．選C根據(jù)上文“Thedictionary...methods.”并結(jié)合下文介紹的科學(xué)家應(yīng)有的特征可知，空處應(yīng)起到承上啟下的作用，C項“讓我們來看看優(yōu)秀科學(xué)家的一些特征”符合題意，承接上文，引出下文。17．選D根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Curiosity”以及下文“Scientistssuchas...work.”可知，科學(xué)家都對于這個世界的一切未知抱有想知道的欲望，對于一切有好奇心，這是他們發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物的原因，D選項中的關(guān)鍵詞“beverycuriousaboutthings”與小標(biāo)題和下文都有對應(yīng)關(guān)系，故選D項。18．選F根據(jù)上文“Becomingascientist...thisone.”以及下文“Ifyou'rean...foryou.”可知，上文中關(guān)鍵詞“takesalongtime”與F選項中的“havemuchscientificresearchtodo”有對應(yīng)關(guān)系，表明成為科學(xué)家需要長時間且需要耐心，故選F項。19．選G根據(jù)上文“Inordertotruly...inthelongrun.”以及下文“Stickingtoanoldbeliefcontradictedwithevidenceisdishonest.”可知，科學(xué)家需要有更強的社會責(zé)任感與道德價值觀，這與G項中的“Ascientistmustreportfindingshonestly”有對應(yīng)關(guān)系，故選G項。20．選B根據(jù)下文“Anexcellent...new.”可知，本段主要介紹科學(xué)家應(yīng)有好的工作習(xí)慣，即便是細(xì)微之處都會記錄下來，這將有助他/她的工作和發(fā)現(xiàn)，B項“工作習(xí)慣”符合題意。第二部分語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了DennisHong從小就夢想著成為工程師，經(jīng)過不斷努力，最終實現(xiàn)夢想的故事。21．選A由上文“Robots,Hongnotes,areintelligentmachinesthatdotheworkhumansareoftenunableor”和常識可知，機器人能夠完成人類通常無法完成或不愿意完成的工作。22．選B由下文“bytworobotsinamovie”和他成為工程師可知，他對一部電影中的兩個機器人印象深刻，立志成為工程師。beimpressedby“對……印象深刻”。23．選A由下文“whatengineeringactuallyis”可知，他要成為一名工程師。24．選D由上文提到的他要成為工程師和下文“whatengineeringactuallyis”可知，要想成為工程師，得需要了解工程學(xué)究竟是什么。25．選C由下文“HegotallA'sinscience,buthismathresultwasreally”和“Eventhoughhedislikedmath”可知，他不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)，所以此處指忽略了數(shù)學(xué)。26．選C由上文“HegotallA'sinscience,buthismathresultwasreally”中的but可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，他科學(xué)一直很好，但是數(shù)學(xué)成績不令人滿意。下文“Eventhoughhedislikedmath”也是提示。27．選B由上文“engineerssolveproblemsintheworldbyusingscienceasa”可知，工程師使用科學(xué)作為工具。28．選A根據(jù)上文提到的他想成為一名工程師可知，此處指成為工程師是他的夢想。29．選C由下文“Histhree-leggedrobotSTriDER”可知，他發(fā)明了一個三足機器人，這是一個創(chuàng)意。由此可知，此處指創(chuàng)意/想法來自任何地方和任何時間。30．選C上文提到Hong認(rèn)為想法來自任何地方和任何時間，再結(jié)合下文他描述自己發(fā)明三足機器人的經(jīng)歷可知，他用自己發(fā)明的三足機器人來證明此觀點。由此可知，此處指他的三足機器人STriDER就是一個很好的例子。31．選D由下文“thehairstartedtolooklikelegsforHong”可知，此處指編頭發(fā)，hair是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。32．選B上文“Once,hesawanelderlyladydealingwithher”提到老婦人在編頭發(fā)，Hong突然間出現(xiàn)了靈感，這三股頭發(fā)對于他來說就像三條腿，隨后他發(fā)明了三足機器人。33．選B上文“thehairstartedtolooklikelegsforHong”提到Hong看到老婦人將頭發(fā)分成三股編頭發(fā)，突然間靈感來了，三股頭發(fā)就像三條腿，最終他發(fā)明了機器人STriDER。34．選C由上文“Hongsaidthatpeopleonsocialmediaareeagertoseehissuccesses,notthe”和下文“thatcamebeforethem”以及“iftherobotdoesn'tfall”可知，在STriDER機器人成功設(shè)計出來之前，它會摔倒，這說明成功之前會有一次次的失敗。35．選A由上文“iftherobotdoesn'tfallor”可知，在發(fā)明機器人時，機器人會出故障，即摔倒或摔碎，但是這會讓設(shè)計者從中學(xué)到很多。語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹的是中國第一位公共遠(yuǎn)洋船舶女船長詹春珮的經(jīng)歷。36．milestones考查名詞復(fù)