/專題04閱讀理解目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\u明晰學(xué)考要求 1基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理 1考點(diǎn)精講講練 2考點(diǎn)一：主旨大意題 2考點(diǎn)二：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 2考點(diǎn)三：推理判斷題 2考點(diǎn)四：詞義猜測(cè)題 3考點(diǎn)五：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題 3實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力訓(xùn)練 91.掌握快速閱讀和理解主旨大意的能力2.理解文章細(xì)節(jié)和邏輯關(guān)系3.根據(jù)上下文推斷詞義和理解隱含意義4.把握作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度和寫作意圖學(xué)考閱讀理解考查的內(nèi)容相當(dāng)全面，涵蓋了不同類型文本的閱讀和理解能力。主旨大意：考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容的理解和概括能力。例如，要求學(xué)生選擇最能概括文章主要內(nèi)容的標(biāo)題或選出文章的mainidea。細(xì)節(jié)理解：考查學(xué)生查找和理解文章中具體信息的能力。這類題目通常涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件等具體細(xì)節(jié)。推理判斷：考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章提供的信息進(jìn)行合理推斷的能力。需要學(xué)生理解文章的隱含意義，讀出"字里行間"的意思。詞義猜測(cè)：考查學(xué)生通過(guò)上下文線索猜測(cè)生詞詞義的能力。要求學(xué)生根據(jù)語(yǔ)境、構(gòu)詞法或邏輯關(guān)系推斷詞語(yǔ)含義。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度：考查學(xué)生理解作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度和寫作意圖的能力。需要學(xué)生辨別作者的情感傾向和寫作目的。（一）主旨大意題考查形式及示例：學(xué)考閱讀理解?？疾閷?duì)文章整體內(nèi)容的把握。常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有：Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?解題技巧：重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章的首段和尾段，以及各段的主題句；注意重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞；排除過(guò)于具體或片面的選項(xiàng)。答題注意事項(xiàng)：避免選擇只涉及文章部分內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)；注意區(qū)分主要觀點(diǎn)和次要細(xì)節(jié)；標(biāo)題類題目要選擇能全面概括文章內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。（二）細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查形式及示例：考查對(duì)文章中具體信息的理解。常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有：Accordingtothepassage,when/where/who/what...WhichofthefollowingisTRUE/NOTtrue?解題技巧：先閱讀問(wèn)題，確定需要查找的信息；運(yùn)用scanning技巧快速定位相關(guān)信息；仔細(xì)對(duì)比選項(xiàng)與原文的表述。答題注意事項(xiàng)：注意選項(xiàng)中的同義替換；警惕絕對(duì)化表述如never,always等；注意數(shù)字、時(shí)間等具體信息的準(zhǔn)確性。（三）推理判斷題考查形式及示例：考查根據(jù)文章信息進(jìn)行合理推斷的能力。常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有：Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Theauthorprobablybelievesthat...Whatwouldhappenif...解題技巧：基于文章提供的事實(shí)進(jìn)行合理推斷；注意文章的隱含意義；結(jié)合常識(shí)但不過(guò)度依賴個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)。答題注意事項(xiàng)：推斷必須有理有據(jù)，避免憑空猜測(cè)；區(qū)分事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)；注意作者的語(yǔ)氣和用詞。（四）詞義猜測(cè)題考查形式及示例：考查通過(guò)上下文理解詞義的能力。常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有：Theword"..."inParagraphXprobablymeans...Whatdoestheunderlinedword"..."referto?解題技巧：分析詞語(yǔ)所在的句子結(jié)構(gòu)；尋找上下文中的同義詞、反義詞或解釋性語(yǔ)句；利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)分析詞根詞綴。答題注意事項(xiàng)：選擇使句子意思通順的選項(xiàng)；驗(yàn)證所選詞義是否符合上下文邏輯；注意一詞多義現(xiàn)象。（五）觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題考查形式及示例：考查理解作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度的能力。常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式有：Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards...?Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?解題技巧：注意表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞匯如should,must,unfortunately等；分析作者的用詞傾向；考慮文章的體裁和寫作背景。答題注意事項(xiàng)：區(qū)分作者觀點(diǎn)和文中人物的觀點(diǎn)；注意中立的表述與帶有感情色彩的表述；避免將自己的觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給作者。解題步驟指導(dǎo)：第一步：快速瀏覽文章，了解文章體裁和主要內(nèi)容，注意標(biāo)題、小標(biāo)題和首尾段。第二步：閱讀問(wèn)題，明確題目要求，標(biāo)注關(guān)鍵詞。第三步：帶著問(wèn)題細(xì)讀文章，定位相關(guān)信息，做好標(biāo)記。第四步：分析選項(xiàng)，排除干擾項(xiàng)，選擇最佳答案。第五步：檢查答案，確保選項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容一致。時(shí)間分配建議：建議用8-10分鐘完成一篇閱讀理解，其中2-3分鐘用于快速閱讀和理解文章大意，4-5分鐘用于答題，1-2分鐘用于檢查。例題精練，舉一反三閱讀下列短文，回答問(wèn)題1-5：TheGreatBarrierReefistheworld'slargestcoralreefsystemlocatedintheCoralSea,offthecoastofQueensland,Australia.Itiscomposedofover2,900individualreefsand900islandsstretchingforover2,300kilometers.Thereefishometoagreatdiversityoflife,includingmanyvulnerableorendangeredspecies.However,climatechangeposesthegreatestthreattotheGreatBarrierReef.Risingseatemperaturescausecoralbleaching,whichhasalreadydestroyedlargesectionsofthereef.Otherthreatsincludepollution,overfishing,andcoastaldevelopment.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?A.AustraliantourismB.TheGreatBarrierReefC.CoralbleachingD.Marinepollution2.WhereistheGreatBarrierReeflocated?A.OffthecoastofQueenslandB.InthePacificOceanC.NearSydneyD.InSouthAustralia3.Whatismentionedasthegreatestthreattothereef?A.OverfishingB.PollutionC.ClimatechangeD.Coastaldevelopment4.Theword"vulnerable"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.A.strongB.weakC.dangerousD.beautiful5.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ThereefisgettinglargerB.ThereefisindangerC.ThereefhasnoproblemsD.Thereefisman-made1.B解析：主旨大意題。全文主要介紹大堡礁的基本情況和面臨的威脅。2.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段明確說(shuō)明位于昆士蘭海岸外。3.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段首句提到氣候變化是最大威脅。4.B解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上下文，與"endangered"并列，意為"脆弱的、易受傷害的"。5.B解析：推理判斷題。從文章描述的多種威脅可以推斷珊瑚礁處于危險(xiǎn)中。閱讀下列短文，回答問(wèn)題6-10：Tomwasahardworkingstudentwhoalwaysaimedforexcellence.Everydayafterschool,hewouldspendatleasttwohoursreviewingwhathehadlearnedandpreparingforthenextday'slessons.Hisclassmatesoftenwonderedhowhemanagedtomaintainsuchhighgradeswhilestillparticipatinginvariousextracurricularactivities.ThesecrettoTom'ssuccesswashisexcellenttimemanagementskills.Hemadedetailedschedulesandstucktothemstrictly.Healsoknewwhentotakebreakstorefreshhismind."Balanceisthekey,"Tomoftensaidwhenaskedabouthissuccess.6.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Tom'sfamilylifeB.Tom'ssuccesssecretC.SchoolactivitiesD.Classmates'opinions7.HowlongdidTomstudyafterschooleachday?A.OnehourB.AtleasttwohoursC.ThirtyminutesD.Threehours8.WhatwasTom'ssecrettosuccess?A.HavingrichparentsB.TimemanagementskillsC.GoodluckD.Specialtalents9.Theword"extracurricular"inthefirstparagraphreferstoactivitiesthat______.A.happenduringclassB.areoutsideregularcurriculumC.areverydifficultD.requirespecialpermission10.WhatcanwelearnfromTom'sstory?A.OnlysmartpeoplecansucceedB.HardworkaloneleadstosuccessC.ProperplanningisimportantforsuccessD.Studentsshouldn'ttakebreaks6.B解析：主旨大意題。全文主要介紹Tom的成功秘訣。7.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段明確說(shuō)明每天至少學(xué)習(xí)兩小時(shí)。8.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段首句說(shuō)明時(shí)間是成功秘訣。9.B解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。extracurricular指"課外的"。10.C解析：推理判斷題。從Tom的時(shí)間管理可以推斷合理規(guī)劃很重要。閱讀下列短文，回答問(wèn)題11-15：TheinventionoftheprintingpressbyJohannesGutenberginthe15thcenturyrevolutionizedthespreadofinformation.Beforethisinvention,bookswerecopiedbyhand,whichwastime-consumingandexpensive.Theprintingpressmadebooksmoreaffordableandaccessibletocommonpeople.Thistechnologicaladvancementhadprofoundeffectsonsociety.ItcontributedtothespreadofnewideasduringtheRenaissanceandplayedacrucialroleintheProtestantReformation.Morepeoplelearnedtoread,andknowledgewasnolongerlimitedtothewealthyandpowerful.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.LifeofJohannesGutenbergB.TheHistoryofBooksC.EffectsofthePrintingPressD.TheRenaissancePeriod12.Beforetheprintingpress,howwerebooksproduced?A.BymachinesB.ByprintingC.ByhandcopyingD.Bycomputers13.Whatwasonemajoreffectoftheprintingpress?A.BooksbecamemoreexpensiveB.FewerpeoplelearnedtoreadC.KnowledgespreadmorewidelyD.Thewealthylostpower14.Theword"profound"inthesecondparagraphmeans______.A.smallB.deepC.temporaryD.negative15.Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheprintingpressis______.A.negativeB.positiveC.neutralD.unclear11.C解析：主旨大意題。全文主要討論印刷機(jī)的影響。12.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段說(shuō)明之前是手抄書籍。13.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段說(shuō)明知識(shí)傳播更廣泛。14.B解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。profound意為"深刻的、深遠(yuǎn)的"。15.B解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者描述了印刷機(jī)的積極影響。閱讀下列短文，回答問(wèn)題16-20：Manypeoplebelievethatbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday,andrecentresearchsupportsthisview.Studiesshowthatpeoplewhoeatbreakfasttendtohavebetterconcentrationandproductivitythroughoutthemorning.Theyarealsolesslikelytoovereatlaterintheday.However,whatyoueatforbreakfastmatterstoo.Abalancedbreakfastincludingprotein,wholegrains,andfruitsprovidessustainedenergy.Ontheotherhand,sugarycerealsorpastriesmaygiveyouquickenergybutleadtoacrashlater.16.Whatisthemainpointofthefirstparagraph?A.BreakfastfoodsareexpensiveB.BreakfastimprovesdailyperformanceC.PeopleskipbreakfastoftenD.Breakfastcausesweightgain17.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewhoeatbreakfast______.A.eatmoreatlunchB.havebetterconcentrationC.needmoresleepD.exerciseless18.Whattypeofbreakfastisrecommended?A.SugarycerealsB.PastriesC.BalancedmealD.Onlyfruits19.Theword"sustained"inthesecondparagraphmeans______.A.quickB.continuousC.weakD.sudden20.Whatisthewriter'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.ToadvertisebreakfastfoodsB.ToentertainreaderswithstoriesC.ToinformaboutbreakfastbenefitsD.Tocriticizemoderneatinghabits16.B解析：主旨大意題。第一段主要說(shuō)明早餐對(duì)上午表現(xiàn)的改善作用。17.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段明確說(shuō)明吃早餐的人注意力更集中。18.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段推薦均衡早餐。19.B解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。sustained意為"持續(xù)的"。20.C解析：寫作目的題。作者目的是告知讀者早餐的好處。1“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))nowpracticing“holistic”medicine—combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”1．WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?A．He’sodd. B．He’sstrict. C．He’sbrave. D．He’srude.2．WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?A．Hewastrainedinitatuniversity. B．Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.C．Hebenefitedfromitasapatient. D．Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.3．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Stepsofachiropractictreatment. B．Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C．Examplesofrareanimaldiseases. D．Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.4．WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A．ToproveFarber’spoint. B．Toemphasizeitsimportance.C．Topraiseveterinarians. D．Toadvocateanimalprotection.【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述美國(guó)獸醫(yī)威廉·法伯在從針灸中受益后，將整體醫(yī)學(xué)療法應(yīng)用于動(dòng)物疾病，取得了顯著成效并具有很好的發(fā)展前景。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.(如果他顯得有點(diǎn)戒備，那可能是因?yàn)榫瓦B他的一些同事偶爾也會(huì)嘲笑他那些與眾不同的做法)”可知，F(xiàn)arber的同事們有時(shí)會(huì)嘲笑他不尋常的方法，認(rèn)為他很奇怪。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.(然后他嘗試了針灸療法，這是一種古老的中國(guó)療法。令他驚訝的是，經(jīng)過(guò)兩到三次治療后，他的病情有了明顯好轉(zhuǎn)。對(duì)獸醫(yī)有效的療法似乎對(duì)他的寵物也同樣有效。于是，在研究了相關(guān)技術(shù)幾年之后，他開(kāi)始向?qū)櫸飩兲峁┻@種療法)”可知，F(xiàn)arber作為患者從針灸中受益，這促使他決定嘗試在寵物上使用針灸。故選C。3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.(利·廷達(dá)勒的狗查理患有嚴(yán)重的心臟病。查理心臟病發(fā)作后，廷達(dá)勒本打算讓他安樂(lè)死，但法伯的治療讓查理的痛苦減輕了許多，于是她得以讓查理多活了五個(gè)月。普里西拉·杜因報(bào)道說(shuō)，她的馬“行動(dòng)更加自如，騎起來(lái)也更加舒適”了，這是因?yàn)樗邮芰思棺蛋茨χ委?”可知，本段主要講述了整體醫(yī)學(xué)療法的有效性。故選D。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.(法伯堅(jiān)信，這種整體治療的方法會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而越來(lái)越受到人們的青睞。而且從過(guò)去的情況來(lái)看，他或許是對(duì)的：自1982年以來(lái)，美國(guó)整體獸醫(yī)醫(yī)療協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員人數(shù)已從30人增加到了超過(guò)700人)”可知,法伯認(rèn)為整體醫(yī)學(xué)療法會(huì)越來(lái)越受歡迎，隨后作者列舉了美國(guó)整體獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員從30個(gè)增加到700多個(gè)的例子，因此推斷美國(guó)整體獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)是為證明法伯的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。2AccordingtoanewUSDA(theU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture)report,U.S.forestscouldworsenglobalwarmingbecausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldisastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanet-warminggasesastheygetolder.Thereportpredictsthattheabilityofforeststoabsorbcarbonwillstartdecliningafter2025andthatforestscouldreleaseupto100millionmetrictonsofcarbonayearastheiremissionsfromdecaying(腐爛)treesgoabovetheircarbonabsorption.Forestscouldbecomea?“substantialcarbonsource”by2070,theUSDAreportsays.Thelossofcarbonabsorptionisdriveninpartbynaturaldisasterssuchaswildfires,tornadoesandhurricanes,whichareincreasinginfrequencyandstrengthasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thedisastersdestroyforestland,destroyingitsecosystemanddecreasingitsabilitytoabsorbcarbon,accordingtoLynnRiley,aseniormanagerofclimatescienceattheAmericanForestFoundation.Agingforestsalsocontribute.Thereportfoundthatolder,maturetreesabsorblesscarbonthanyoungertreesofthesamespecies,andU.S.forestsarerapidlyaging.Thistrendislikelytocontinue,asforestscomeunderincreasingthreatfromclimatechangeandexploitation(開(kāi)采).Thetypicaltropicalforestmaybecomeacarbonsourcebythe2060s,accordingtoSimonLewis,aprofessorintheSchoolofGeographyattheUniversityofLeeds.?“Humanshavebeenluckysofar,astropicalforestsarecleaninguplotsofourpollution,buttheycan’tkeepdoingthatindefinitely,”hesaid.?“Weneedtocutdownfossilfuelemissionsbeforetheglobalcarboncyclestartsworkingagainstus.”U.S.forestscurrentlyabsorb11percentofU.S.carbonemissions,or150millionmetrictonsofcarbonayear,equaltothecombinedemissionsfrom40coalpowerplants,accordingtothereport.ThelossofforestsasnaturalcarbonabsorberswillrequiretheU.S.tocutemissionsmorerapidlytoreachnetzero.?“Asweworktodecarbonize,forestsareoneofthegreatesttools.Ifweweretolosethattool,itmeanswewillcontributethatmuchmoreinemissions,”Rileysaid.5．WhatisthemainfindingofthereportfromParagraph1?A．Forestsaresufferingfromchemicalpollution.B．Forestscouldcontributetoglobalwarming.C．Forestsarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldisasters.D．Forestshavebecomesubstantialcarbonabsorbers.6．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Thekeyroleofforestsintheecosystem.B．Theconsequencesoffrequentnaturaldisasters.C．Theimpactofrisingglobaltemperaturesonforests.D．Thereasonsforforests’decliningabilitytoabsorbcarbon.7．WhatisSimonLewis’suggestiononaddressingtheproblem?A．Reducingfossilfuelemissions. B．Cleaningupdecayingtreesintime.C．Plantingtreesonalargescale. D．Limitingtheexploitationofforests.8．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A．Tooffersuggestionsonforestmanagement.B．Tostressthesignificanceofforestprotection.C．Topresenttheeffortsmadetoreachnetzero.D．Toshowthecarbonemissionsfromcoalpowerplants.【答案】5．B6．D7．A8．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部的一份報(bào)告指出美國(guó)森林可能加劇全球變暖，分析了其原因并強(qiáng)調(diào)了保護(hù)森林的重要性。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“AccordingtoanewUSDA(theU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture)report,U.S.forestscouldworsenglobalwarmingbecausetheyarebeingdestroyedbynaturaldisastersandarelosingtheirabilitytoabsorbplanet-warminggasesastheygetolder.(美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部最新報(bào)告指出，由于遭受自然災(zāi)害破壞，加上森林老齡化導(dǎo)致吸收溫室氣體的能力衰退，美國(guó)森林可能會(huì)加劇全球變暖)”可知，報(bào)告的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)是美國(guó)森林可能會(huì)加劇全球變暖。故選B項(xiàng)。6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thelossofcarbonabsorptionisdriveninpartbynaturaldisasterssuchaswildfires,tornadoesandhurricanes,whichareincreasinginfrequencyandstrengthasglobaltemperaturesrise.(碳吸收能力的下降部分是由自然災(zāi)害驅(qū)動(dòng)的，如野火、龍卷風(fēng)和颶風(fēng)，隨著全球氣溫的上升，這些災(zāi)害的頻率和強(qiáng)度都在增加)”以及“Agingforestsalsocontribute.(老化的森林也造成了影響)”可知，第二段主要討論了森林吸收碳能力下降的原因，包括自然災(zāi)害和森林老化。故選D項(xiàng)。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中SimonLewis所說(shuō)的“Weneedtocutdownfossilfuelemissionsbeforetheglobalcarboncyclestartsworkingagainstus.(我們需要減少化石燃料排放，以免全球碳循環(huán)開(kāi)始對(duì)我們不利)”可知，SimonLewis建議減少化石燃料排放來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。故選A項(xiàng)。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“U.S.forestscurrentlyabsorb11percentofU.S.carbonemissions,or150millionmetrictonsofcarbonayear,equaltothecombinedemissionsfrom40coalpowerplants,accordingtothereport.(根據(jù)這份報(bào)告，美國(guó)森林目前吸收了美國(guó)11%的碳排放量，即每年1.5億噸碳，相當(dāng)于40座燃煤電廠的總排放量)”以及Riley所說(shuō)的“Asweworktodecarbonize,forestsareoneofthegreatesttools.Ifweweretolosethattool,itmeanswewillcontributethatmuchmoreinemissions(當(dāng)我們努力實(shí)現(xiàn)脫碳時(shí)，森林是最重要的工具之一。如果我們失去了這個(gè)工具，那就意味著我們的排放量會(huì)增加)”可知，作者在最后一段中告訴我們：美國(guó)森林目前吸收了美國(guó)11%的碳排放量，森林是實(shí)現(xiàn)脫碳最重要的工具之一，如果我們失去了這個(gè)工具，那就意味著我們的排放量會(huì)增加，強(qiáng)調(diào)了保護(hù)森林的重要性。故選B項(xiàng)。3WhenshewasfoundoffthecoastofCaliforniafouryearsago,thefurseal,knownasZiggyStar,wasskinnyandfragile.Shewasunfittoreturntothewild.Andthoughaprofessionalrescueteamtookherintocareforher,Ziggycontinuedtodecline.“Iwouldn’thavegivenhernextweek,”saysUriarte,asurgeonwholedarecentfirst-of-its-kindbrainoperationontheseal.Theoperationwasthefirstofitskindtotreathydrocephalusinfurseals.ThesurgicalteamatTuftswasunabletofindanydocumentedevidenceofasimilarprocedure,sotheyneededalotofpreparationtooperateonZiggy’sbrain.ThebiggestconcerninoperatingonZiggywashowtocontroltheanimal’sanesthesia(麻醉).“Whenthey’reunderanesthesiatheirbody’sreactionincludesdecreasingtheirheartrate,bloodpressure,andbreathing,”saysFlower,whoobservesZiggyandtheotheranimals’care,describingthespecialchallengesofoperatingonseals.Onthedayofthesurgery,Flowersaysthatsheandherteam“wereallquiteanxiousnotknowingwhatwouldhappen”.Movingquicklywasextremelyimportant;thelongershewasunderanesthesia,themorelikelythatshecouldloseherbreathing,saysthesurgeon.Thesealhasbeenkeptonlandtopreventwaterfromenteringthecutonherhead.Now,Ziggyiseatingafulldietandisbeginningtogainweightagain.“RecentlyI’veallowedhertogoswimming,”saysFlower.However,thesourceofZiggy’sneurologicaldisorder(神經(jīng)紊亂)isstillamystery.“Mytheoryisthatwhenshewasfound,shehadaheadinjury,”Uriartesays.“Hitbyaboatmaybe...Thathappensalotwithseals.”Flowerislesswillingtoguess.“Idon’tthinkthere’senoughinformationtomakethatassumption.Wejustdon’tknowwhathappenedtoher.”9．Whenfirstfound,ZiggyStarlooked________.A．thinandweak B．a(chǎn)ctiveandexcitedC．bloodyandfierce D．strongandenergetic10．Whatwasthemostchallengingtaskonthedayoftheoperation?A．Helpingthesealregainherbreathing. B．Usinganesthesiaproperlyontheseal.C．Makingfullpreparationsfortheoperation. D．Balancingthefunctionsoftheseal’sorgans.11．WhatcanwelearnaboutZiggyaftertheoperation?A．Sheisstrongenoughtoliveinthewild. B．Sheissufferingfromaheartratedisorder.C．Shehasalreadybecomeasheavyasbefore. D．Sheisrecoveringfromthebrainoperation.12．Whatisprobablytheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toshowhumans’loveforacreature. B．Tofindoutawaytooperateonaseal.C．Torememberaninjuredsealindanger. D．Toexplorethereasonsforaseal’sinjury.【答案】9．A10．B11．D12．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了加州海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)的海狗ZiggyStar因身體虛弱無(wú)法回歸野外，醫(yī)護(hù)人員為其進(jìn)行首例腦積水手術(shù)并助其恢復(fù)的故事。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“WhenshewasfoundoffthecoastofCaliforniafouryearsago,thefurseal,knownasZiggyStar,wasskinnyandfragile.(四年前，當(dāng)這只名為ZiggyStar的海狗在加利福尼亞海岸被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，它又瘦又虛弱。)”可知，ZiggyStar剛被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)看起來(lái)又瘦又弱。故選A項(xiàng)。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThebiggestconcerninoperatingonZiggywashowtocontroltheanimal’sanesthesia(麻醉).“Whenthey’reunderanesthesiatheirbody’sreactionincludesdecreasingtheirheartrate,bloodpressure,andbreathing,”saysFlower,whoobservesZiggyandtheotheranimals’care,describingthespecialchallengesofoperatingonseals.(給Ziggy做手術(shù)最大的顧慮是如何控制這只動(dòng)物的麻醉。“當(dāng)它們處于麻醉狀態(tài)時(shí)，身體反應(yīng)包括心率、血壓和呼吸下降，”Flower說(shuō)，她負(fù)責(zé)觀察Ziggy和其他動(dòng)物的護(hù)理，描述了給海豹做手術(shù)的特殊挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，手術(shù)當(dāng)天最具挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)是對(duì)海豹正確使用麻醉。故選B項(xiàng)。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Now,Ziggyiseatingafulldietandisbeginningtogainweightagain.“RecentlyI’veallowedhertogoswimming,”saysFlower.(現(xiàn)在，Ziggy飲食正常，體重開(kāi)始回升?！白罱以试S她去游泳了，”Flower說(shuō)。)”可知，Ziggy手術(shù)后正在從腦部手術(shù)中恢復(fù)。故選D項(xiàng)。12．推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章講述了救援團(tuán)隊(duì)救助海狗ZiggyStar，為其進(jìn)行首例腦積水手術(shù)并精心照料助其恢復(fù)的過(guò)程，體現(xiàn)了人類對(duì)動(dòng)物的關(guān)愛(ài)，因此作者寫這篇文章的目的可能是展示人類對(duì)生物的愛(ài)。故選A項(xiàng)。4AsayounggirlgrowingupinFrance,SarahToumidreamedofbecomingaleaderwhocouldmaketheworldabetterplace.Herpassionforhelpingotherswasawakenedwhen,fromtheageofnine,sheaccompaniedherTunisianfathertohisbirthplaceintheeastofthecountryduringholidays.Theresheorganizedhomeworkclubsandactivitiesforchildren.Toumiwitnessedfirst-handthedestructiveeffectofdesertification.“Within10yearsrichfarmersbecameworseoff,andin10yearsfromnowtheywillbepoor.IwantedtostoptheSaharainitstracks.”Adecreaseinaveragerainfallandanincreaseintheseverityofdroughts(干旱)haveledtoanestimated75percentofTunisia’sagriculturallandsbeingthreatenedbydesertification.Toumirecognizedthatfarmingpracticesneededtobechanged.Sheisconfidentthatsmalllandareascanbringlargereturnsiffarmersareabletoadaptbyplantingsustainablecrops,usingnewtechnologiesforwatertreatmentandfocusingonnaturalproductsandfertilizers(肥料)ratherthanchemicals.In2012,Toumiconsolidatedherdreamtofightthedesert.ShemovedtoTunisia,andsetupaprogramnamedAcaciasforAlltoputhersustainablefarmingphilosophyintoaction.“Iwanttoshowyoungpeopleinruralareasthattheycancreateopportunitieswheretheyare.Nobodyisbetterabletounderstandtheimpactofdesertificationandclimatechangethansomebodywhoislivingwithnoaccesstowater.”BySeptember2016,morethan130,000acaciatreeshadbeenplantedon20pilotfarms,withfarmersrecordinga60percentsurvivalrate.Toumiestimatesthatsome3millionacaciatreesareneededtoprotectTunisia’sfarmland.Inthenextcoupleofyears,ToumihopestoextendtheprogramtoAlgeriaandMorocco.13．HowdidToumi’sholidaytripstoTunisiainfluenceher?A．Theymadeherdecidetoleavethecountry.B．Theyhelpedherbetterunderstandherfather.C．Theyfiredherenthusiasmforhelpingothers.D．Theydestroyedherdreamofbeingateacher.14．WhatisthemaincauseofthedesertificationofTunisia’sfarmland?A．Lowrainfall. B．Soilpollution.C．Coldweather. D．Forestdamage.15．WhydidToumisetuptheAcaciasforAllprograminTunisia?A．Tocreatejobopportunitiesforyoungpeople.B．Tohelpthechildrenobtainabasiceducation.C．Topersuadethefarmersnottousefertilizers.D．Tofacilitatetheprotectionofthefarmland.16．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．SavingWaterinTunisiaB．PlantingTreesofNativeSpeciesC．HoldingbacktheSaharaD．FightingPovertyinNorthAfrica【答案】13．C14．A15．D16．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了SarahToumi從小受父親影響，立志幫助他人，在目睹突尼斯土地沙漠化的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題后，她積極采取行動(dòng)，通過(guò)建立可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)項(xiàng)目來(lái)對(duì)抗沙漠化，保護(hù)農(nóng)田的故事。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Herpassionforhelpingotherswasawakenedwhen,fromtheageofnine,sheaccompaniedherTunisianfathertohisbirthplaceintheeastofthecountryduringholidays.Theresheorganizedhomeworkclubsandactivitiesforchildren.(從9歲起，每逢節(jié)假日，她就會(huì)陪突尼斯裔的父親回到該國(guó)東部的老家。在那里，她對(duì)幫助他人的熱情被點(diǎn)燃了。她為當(dāng)?shù)氐暮⒆觽兘M織作業(yè)輔導(dǎo)俱樂(lè)部和各種活動(dòng))”可知，Toumi在假期跟隨父親回到突尼斯的經(jīng)歷激發(fā)了她幫助他人的熱情。故選C項(xiàng)。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Adecreaseinaveragerainfallandanincreaseintheseverityofdroughts(干旱)haveledtoanestimated75percentofTunisia’sagriculturallandsbeingthreatenedbydesertification.(平均降雨量的減少和干旱程度的加劇，導(dǎo)致突尼斯估計(jì)有75%的農(nóng)田受到沙漠化的威脅)”可知，突尼斯農(nóng)田沙漠化的主要原因是降雨量低。故選A項(xiàng)。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“ShemovedtoTunisia,andsetupaprogramnamedAcaciasforAlltoputhersustainablefarmingphilosophyintoaction.“Iwanttoshowyoungpeopleinruralareasthattheycancreateopportunitieswheretheyare.Nobodyisbetterabletounderstandtheimpactofdesertificationandclimatechangethansomebodywhoislivingwithnoaccesstowater.”(她搬到了突尼斯，并設(shè)立了一個(gè)名為“全民金合歡”的項(xiàng)目，以將她的可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)理念付諸實(shí)踐?！拔蚁胂蜣r(nóng)村地區(qū)的年輕人展示，他們可以就地創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)。沒(méi)有人比那些生活在缺水環(huán)境中的人更能理解荒漠化和氣候變化的影響。”)”以及第五段中“Toumiestimatesthatsome3millionacaciatreesareneededtoprotectTunisia’sfarmland.(Toumi估計(jì)，保護(hù)突尼斯的農(nóng)田需要大約300萬(wàn)棵金合歡樹(shù))”可知，Toumi在突尼斯設(shè)立“全民金合歡”項(xiàng)目是為了通過(guò)種植金合歡樹(shù)來(lái)保護(hù)農(nóng)田，對(duì)抗沙漠化。故選D項(xiàng)。16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Toumiwitnessedfirst-handthedestructiveeffectofdesertification.“Within10yearsrichfarmersbecameworseoff,andin10yearsfromnowtheywillbepoor.IwantedtostoptheSaharainitstracks.”(圖米親眼目睹了沙漠化的破壞性影響?！岸潭?0年間，富裕的農(nóng)民生活變得更糟了，而從現(xiàn)在起再過(guò)10年，他們將會(huì)陷入貧困。我想阻止撒哈拉沙漠繼續(xù)擴(kuò)張”)”以及根據(jù)最后一段中“BySeptember2016,morethan130,000acaciatreeshadbeenplantedon20pilotfarms,withfarmersrecordinga60percentsurvivalrate.Toumiestimatesthatsome3millionacaciatreesareneededtoprotectTunisia'sfarmland.(截至2016年9月，在20個(gè)試點(diǎn)農(nóng)場(chǎng)種植了13萬(wàn)多棵金合歡樹(shù)，農(nóng)民的成活率達(dá)到60%。圖米估計(jì)，為了保護(hù)突尼斯的農(nóng)田，大約需要300萬(wàn)棵金合槐。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章講述的是主人公圖米在9歲時(shí)，在一次陪伴爸爸去突尼斯旅游的過(guò)程中激發(fā)了她要幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝藷崆?，由此?chuàng)立了“AcaciasforAll”項(xiàng)目，改善當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)田，堅(jiān)持與撒哈拉沙漠作斗爭(zhēng)，實(shí)踐其可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)的理念。C選項(xiàng)“與撒哈拉沙漠作斗爭(zhēng)”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。5CLIMATECHANGEREQUIRESTHEWORLD’SATTENTIONWehaveknownaboutclimatechangefordecades.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph).Awarmingoceanandatmospherealongwithmeltingiceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidenceofadramaticchangeintheglobalclimate.In2013,alotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthatwasfoundonNorway’sArcticislandofSvalbard.Accordingtothescientistswhofounditsdeadbody,allthatremainedofthepolarbearwas“skinandbones”.Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore,soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.ThisalarmingcaseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehadanimpactonEarth’secology.Thenwhatiscausingtheincreaseintheglobalaveragesurfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”,whichhastwocommonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.The“natural”greenhouseeffectreferstothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.Theheatisreleasedbackintospaceatlongerwavelengths.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere,suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide,trapsomeoftheheat,keepingEarth’sclimatewarmandhabitable.Withoutthisprocess,Earthcouldnotsustainlife.However,the“man-made”greenhouseeffecthasnowbecomeabigproblem.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels,moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcausesEarth’ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide,notonlycausingser