/專題05閱讀七選五目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\u明晰學(xué)考要求 1基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理 1考點(diǎn)精講講練 2考點(diǎn)一：語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)題 2考點(diǎn)二：邏輯關(guān)系題 2考點(diǎn)三：語(yǔ)義銜接題 2考點(diǎn)四：語(yǔ)境推理題 2實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力訓(xùn)練 51.掌握語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系2.理解段落間的銜接與連貫3.識(shí)別上下文語(yǔ)義線索4.運(yùn)用推理能力補(bǔ)全信息學(xué)考閱讀七選五題型考查的內(nèi)容相當(dāng)全面，重點(diǎn)測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系的把握能力。語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)：考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章組織方式的理解，包括總分結(jié)構(gòu)、并列結(jié)構(gòu)、因果結(jié)構(gòu)、對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)等。學(xué)生需要理清文章的脈絡(luò)和發(fā)展方向。邏輯關(guān)系：考查學(xué)生對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、遞進(jìn)、舉例、總結(jié)等邏輯關(guān)系的識(shí)別能力。常見的邏輯關(guān)系詞包括：however,therefore,moreover,forexample,inconclusion等。語(yǔ)義銜接：考查學(xué)生通過(guò)代詞指代、詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義替換等手段理解文章銜接的能力。例如：this,that,these,those等指示代詞的指代對(duì)象。語(yǔ)境理解：考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)缺失信息的能力。需要學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確把握文章的語(yǔ)境和語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)。（一）語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)題考查形式及示例：學(xué)考七選五重點(diǎn)考查對(duì)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握。例如在一篇說(shuō)明文中，需要選擇能夠承上啟下或總結(jié)全段的句子。解題技巧：通讀全文，把握文章主旨；分析段落間的邏輯關(guān)系；注意段首句和段尾句的作用；識(shí)別文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。答題注意事項(xiàng)：避免選擇與文章主題無(wú)關(guān)的選項(xiàng)；注意選項(xiàng)與前后文的邏輯銜接；確保所選選項(xiàng)符合文章的文體特征。（二）邏輯關(guān)系題考查形式及示例：考查對(duì)句子間邏輯關(guān)系的理解。需要選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡句或連接詞。例如：Theexperimentwaswelldesigned.______,theresultswerenotasexpected.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MoreoverD.Meanwhile解題技巧：分析前后句的邏輯關(guān)系；熟悉各類邏輯關(guān)系詞的用法；注意中英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣的差異。答題注意事項(xiàng)：區(qū)分相似邏輯關(guān)系詞的細(xì)微差別；注意語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)弱的把握；確保邏輯關(guān)系詞與語(yǔ)境相符。（三）語(yǔ)義銜接題考查形式及示例：考查通過(guò)語(yǔ)義線索補(bǔ)全信息的能力。需要選擇與上下文在語(yǔ)義上銜接自然的選項(xiàng)。例如通過(guò)代詞指代、詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)等線索解題。解題技巧：尋找上下文中的語(yǔ)義線索；注意代詞所指代的內(nèi)容；識(shí)別同義詞、反義詞和上下義詞；分析詞匯的搭配關(guān)系。答題注意事項(xiàng)：確保代詞指代明確；注意詞匯的語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)一致性；避免語(yǔ)義重復(fù)或矛盾。（四）語(yǔ)境推理題考查形式及示例：考查根據(jù)語(yǔ)境推理缺失信息的能力。需要選擇符合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)的選項(xiàng)。例如根據(jù)文章的語(yǔ)氣、風(fēng)格和內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理。解題技巧：把握文章的基調(diào)和風(fēng)格；利用背景知識(shí)和常識(shí)；注意作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度；分析語(yǔ)境中的隱含信息。答題注意事項(xiàng)：推理要基于文本證據(jù)；避免過(guò)度推斷或個(gè)人主觀臆斷；確保選項(xiàng)與語(yǔ)境協(xié)調(diào)一致。解題步驟指導(dǎo)：第一步：快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大意和結(jié)構(gòu)，特別注意首段和尾段。第二步：閱讀七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，理解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的基本意思，標(biāo)注關(guān)鍵詞。第三步：分析空白處的位置和作用，判斷需要什么類型的句子。第四步：根據(jù)語(yǔ)義銜接、邏輯關(guān)系、語(yǔ)境協(xié)調(diào)等原則選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。第五步：通讀全文，檢查所選選項(xiàng)是否使文章意思通順、邏輯連貫。時(shí)間分配建議：建議用6-8分鐘完成一篇七選五，其中2分鐘用于初讀和理解文章，3-4分鐘用于選擇答案，1-2分鐘用于檢查。常見干擾項(xiàng)特征：1.內(nèi)容相關(guān)但邏輯不符2.語(yǔ)義重復(fù)或信息冗余3.偏離文章主題4.語(yǔ)氣風(fēng)格不一致5.代詞指代不明確例題精練，舉一反三第一篇根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheImportanceofTimeManagementTimemanagementisacrucialskillforstudentstomaster.Withpropertimemanagement,studentscanachievebetteracademicresultswhilestillhavingtimeforextracurricularactivities.1.______First,createastudyschedule.Planyourstudytimeforeachsubjectaccordingtoitsdifficultyandyourproficiency.2.______Thiswillhelpyoustayorganizedandensurethatyoucoverallnecessarymaterials.Second,setcleargoals.Havingspecific,measurablegoalswillkeepyoumotivated.3.______Forexample,insteadofsaying"IwanttoimprovemyEnglish,"setagoallike"Iwilllearn20newEnglishwordseveryday."Third,eliminatedistractions.Findaquietplacetostudyandturnoffyourphonenotifications.4.______Thiswillhelpyouconcentratebetterandcompletetasksmoreefficiently.Finally,remembertotakebreaks.5.______Takingshortbreaksduringstudysessionscanactuallyimproveyourfocusandproductivity.A.MakesureyourgoalsarerealisticandachievableB.Manystudentsfailbecausetheydon'tknowhowtomanagetheirtimeC.HerearesomeeffectivestrategiestoimproveyourtimemanagementskillsD.SocialmediacanbeamajordistractionformoststudentsE.StudyingforlonghourswithoutbreakscanleadtoburnoutF.YoushouldalsoincludetimeforrevisionandpracticeG.It'simportanttobalancestudyandrest答案與解析：1.C解析：承上啟下句。前文提到時(shí)間管理的重要性，后文開始介紹具體策略，C項(xiàng)自然過(guò)渡到策略介紹。2.F解析：細(xì)節(jié)補(bǔ)充句。前文提到制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明計(jì)劃中還應(yīng)包含復(fù)習(xí)和練習(xí)時(shí)間。3.A解析：邏輯遞進(jìn)句。前文說(shuō)設(shè)定明確目標(biāo)，A項(xiàng)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明目標(biāo)要現(xiàn)實(shí)可行，與后文舉例相呼應(yīng)。4.D解析：例證說(shuō)明句。前文說(shuō)消除干擾，D項(xiàng)具體說(shuō)明社交媒體是主要干擾源。5.E解析：原因解釋句。前文說(shuō)記得休息，E項(xiàng)解釋為什么要休息——長(zhǎng)時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致倦怠。多余選項(xiàng)：B（與文章積極基調(diào)不符）、G（與第五點(diǎn)內(nèi)容重復(fù)）第二篇根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoImproveYourReadingSkillsReadingisanessentialskillforEnglishlearning.Manystudentsstrugglewithreadingcomprehension,buttherearewaystoimprove.6.______First,developareadinghabit.TrytoreadsomethinginEnglisheveryday,evenifit'sjustfor15minutes.7.______Thiswillhelpyoubecomemorecomfortablewiththelanguage.Second,chooseappropriatereadingmaterials.Startwithtextsthatmatchyourcurrentlevel.8.______Asyouprogress,youcanmoveontomorechallengingmaterials.Third,learntoguesswordmeaningsfromcontext.Don'tlookupeverynewwordinthedictionaryimmediately.9.______Thisskillwillhelpyoureadmorefluently.Fourth,practicedifferentreadingtechniques.Learnwhentoskimformainideasandwhentoscanforspecificinformation.10.______Thesetechniqueswillmakeyouamoreefficientreader.Finally,bepatient.Improvingreadingskillstakestimeandconsistenteffort.A.Youcanbeginwithsimplifiedreadersorchildren'sbooksB.GoodreadersalwaysuseadictionarywhentheyencounternewwordsC.HerearesomepracticaltipsthatcanhelpyoubecomeabetterreaderD.Manystudentsgiveuptooquicklywhentheydon'tseeimmediateresultsE.Instead,trytounderstandthemeaningfromthesurroundingwordsandsentencesF.Themoreyouread,thebetteryourreadingskillswillbecomeG.Differentreadingpurposesrequiredifferentreadingstrategies答案與解析：6.C解析：承上啟下句。前文提出閱讀的重要性，C項(xiàng)自然過(guò)渡到具體建議。7.F解析：原因解釋句。前文建議每天閱讀，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)解釋這樣做的益處——讀得越多，技能越好。8.A解析：例證說(shuō)明句。前文說(shuō)選擇適合自己水平的材料，A項(xiàng)舉例說(shuō)明可以從簡(jiǎn)寫本或兒童書籍開始。9.E解析：轉(zhuǎn)折遞進(jìn)句。前文說(shuō)不要立即查字典，E項(xiàng)用instead轉(zhuǎn)折，提出應(yīng)該通過(guò)上下文猜測(cè)詞義。10.G解析：原因解釋句。前文說(shuō)練習(xí)不同的閱讀技巧，G項(xiàng)解釋為什么要這樣做——不同的閱讀目的需要不同的策略。多余選項(xiàng)：B（與第九點(diǎn)建議矛盾）、D（與文章積極的建議語(yǔ)氣不符）閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。1Ifyouwanttokeepfit,pleaserefertothefollowing.MoveMoreMakeitadailythingtofindwaystomoveyourbody.1.Climbstairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator.Walkyourdog.Playwithyourkids.Itdoesn’thavetobeanhourinthegymora45-minutedanceclass.Butthat’sgreatwhenyou’reuptoit.Atthesametime,movemore.QuitSmokingEversince1960whenitwasannouncedthatsmokingwasharmfultohealth,Americanshavebeenreducingtheiruseoftobaccoproducts.Justrecently,we’veseenmoreandmoreteenssmoking.CoulditbetheHollywoodinfluence?2.Takecare!Warnyourchildrenagainstsmoking.3Whilerecentstudiesshowaglassofwineoronedrinkadaycanhelpprotectagainstheartdisease,morethanthatcancauseotherhealthproblemssuchasliverandkidney(肝腎)diseaseandcancer.ReduceStressEasiersaidthandone,stresscomesinmanyways.4.Spend30minutesadaydoingsomethingyoulikesuchaswalkingonthebeachorinapark,readingagoodbook,visitingafriend,listeningtorelaxingmusic,andwatchingafunnymovie.ProtectYourselffromPollutionIfyoucan’tliveinasmog-freeenvironment,atleastavoidsmoke-filledrooms.5.Exerciseindoorsinairconditioningwhenairqualityisgood.A．AvoidExcessive(過(guò)度的)DrinkingB．KeepaPositiveMentalOutlookC．ThinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouwilldoD．ExerciseoutsidewhenthesmogratingislowE．ItseemsthatthestarsineverymoviesmokecigarettesF．TherearemanythingsyoucandotomoveyourarmsandlegsG．Sometechniquesgivenbyexpertsaretothinkpositivethoughts【答案】1．F2．E3．A4．G5．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了保持健康的幾個(gè)方法，包括多運(yùn)動(dòng)、戒煙、避免過(guò)量飲酒、減輕壓力和遠(yuǎn)離污染。1．根據(jù)上文“Makeitadailythingtofindwaystomoveyourbody.(每天都要想辦法活動(dòng)身體。)”以及下文“Climbstairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator.Walkyourdog.Playwithyourkids.(爬樓梯而不是乘電梯。遛狗。和你的孩子一起玩。)”可知，上文提到要多活動(dòng)身體，下文列舉了具體的活動(dòng)方式，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Therearemanythingsyoucandotomoveyourarmsandlegs(有很多事情可以讓你活動(dòng)四肢)”起到承上啟下的作用，既呼應(yīng)了“moveyourbody”，又引出了下文的具體活動(dòng)。故選F項(xiàng)。2．根據(jù)上文“Justrecently,we’veseenmoreandmoreteenssmoking.CoulditbetheHollywoodinfluence?(就在最近，我們看到越來(lái)越多的青少年吸煙。會(huì)不會(huì)是好萊塢的影響呢？)”可知，此處是在猜測(cè)青少年吸煙與好萊塢的關(guān)系，E選項(xiàng)“Itseemsthatthestarsineverymoviesmokecigarettes(似乎每部電影里的明星都吸煙)”承接上文，進(jìn)一步解釋了好萊塢對(duì)青少年吸煙的影響。故選E項(xiàng)。3．根據(jù)設(shè)空位置和下文“Whilerecentstudiesshowaglassofwineoronedrinkadaycanhelpprotectagainstheartdisease,morethanthatcancauseotherhealthproblemssuchasliverandkidneydiseaseandcancer.(雖然最近的研究表明，每天一杯葡萄酒或一杯酒精飲品有助于預(yù)防心臟病，但超過(guò)這個(gè)量會(huì)導(dǎo)致其他健康問(wèn)題，如肝腎疾病和癌癥。)”可知，本段主要討論的是飲酒過(guò)量的危害，A選項(xiàng)“AvoidExcessiveDrinking(避免過(guò)量飲酒)”概括了段落主旨，可以作為本段的小標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。4．根據(jù)上文“Easiersaidthandone,stresscomesinmanyways.(說(shuō)起來(lái)容易做起來(lái)難，壓力來(lái)自很多方面。)”以及下文“Spend30minutesadaydoingsomethingyoulikesuchaswalkingonthebeachorinapark,readingagoodbook,visitingafriend,listeningtorelaxingmusic,andwatchingafunnymovie.(每天花30分鐘做一些自己喜歡的事情，比如在海灘或公園散步、讀一本好書、拜訪朋友、聽舒緩的音樂，以及看一部有趣的電影。)”可知，此處是在介紹減輕壓力的方法，G選項(xiàng)“Sometechniquesgivenbyexpertsaretothinkpositivethoughts(專家給出的一些技巧是積極思考)”，承接上文提到了一種減壓技巧，且與下文的具體活動(dòng)相呼應(yīng)。故選G項(xiàng)。5．根據(jù)上文“Ifyoucan’tliveinasmog-freeenvironment,atleastavoidsmoke-filledrooms.(如果你不能生活在無(wú)霧霾的環(huán)境中，至少要避免煙霧彌漫的房間。)”以及下文“Exerciseindoorsinairconditioningwhenairqualityisgood.(空氣質(zhì)量好的時(shí)候在有空調(diào)的室內(nèi)鍛煉。)”可知，此處是在講在不同空氣質(zhì)量下的鍛煉方式，D選項(xiàng)“Exerciseoutsidewhenthesmogratingislow(霧霾指數(shù)低的時(shí)候在戶外鍛煉)”，承接上文介紹了室內(nèi)鍛煉這一方式，且與下文的“Exerciseindoors”形成對(duì)比。故選D項(xiàng)。2WhatIsTheBestSleepPositionForYourHealth?It’sdifficulttocontrolwhatsleepingpositionwenaturallyfallinto,asourbodywillsubconsciouslyfallintothemostcomfortablepositionforus.However,somepositionsarebetterforyouthanothersandsomecouldholdbackyourhealthandwellbeing.6IfyousleeponyoursideMorethan60percentofpeoplesleepontheirside.Oftenourbodynaturallymovestothisposition,whichislinkedtowhenwewereinthewombinthefoetal(胎兒的)position.7Itoffersanumberofbenefitstoyourbody,frompromotinghealthyspinealignment(脊椎對(duì)齊)whichcanhelptopreventbackpaintoreducingheartburnandsnoring(打鼾).IfyousleeponyourbackLyingonyourbackisthesecondmostpopularsleepingpositionandoffersjustasmanybenefitsassidesleeping.Whenyou’resleepingonyourback,it’seasytokeepalignmentandtoalsoevenlydistributeyourweight.8IfyousleeponyourstomachSleepingonyourstomachistheleastcommonsleepingposition.9Andthosewhosleepontheirstomachcouldputthemselvesatriskofalessrestfulnight’ssleep.Thestomachofferstheleastamountofbacksupportandcanincreasepressureonthespinewhichmaycausepainonceyouwakeup.10Youshouldconsidervariousfactorssuchasifyousnoreorsuffersleepproblems,orifyouoftenhavebackandneckpain.Sidesleepinghasbeennotedasthebestpositionforthebody,sothisisprobablyonetotryandgetintothehabitoftrying,butagain,italldependsonyou.A．Sleepingonyoursideisprobablythebestposition.B．Thisalsohelpstopreventanyneckandbackpain.C．Sidesleepingwouldbeparticularlybeneficialforolderpeople.D．Therearemorenegativestothispositioncomparedtopositives.E．Determiningthesleepingpositionforyouispersonalpreference.F．Thisismostlikelybecauseitisoneofthemostcomfortablesleepingpositions.G．Here,thisarticlerevealsexactlyhowyoursleeppositionisaffectingyourhealth.【答案】6．G7．A8．B9．D10．E【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了不同的睡眠姿勢(shì)對(duì)健康的影響，以及如何選擇適合自己的睡眠姿勢(shì)。6．根據(jù)上文“However,somepositionsarebetterforyouthanothersandsomecouldholdbackyourhealthandwellbeing.(然而，有些姿勢(shì)對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)比其他姿勢(shì)更好，有些則可能阻礙你的健康和幸福。)”以及下文分別介紹側(cè)睡、仰臥睡和俯臥睡三種姿勢(shì)的內(nèi)容可知，上文提到不同睡眠姿勢(shì)對(duì)健康影響不同，下文將具體闡述，G選項(xiàng)“Here,thisarticlerevealsexactlyhowyoursleeppositionisaffectingyourhealth.(在這里，這篇文章確切地揭示了你的睡眠姿勢(shì)是如何影響你的健康的。)”起到承上啟下的作用，引出下文對(duì)不同睡眠姿勢(shì)影響的介紹。故選G項(xiàng)。7．根據(jù)上文“Morethan60percentofpeoplesleepontheirside.Oftenourbodynaturallymovestothisposition,whichislinkedtowhenwewereinthewombinthefoetalposition.(超過(guò)60%的人側(cè)睡。通常我們的身體會(huì)自然地調(diào)整到這個(gè)姿勢(shì)，這與我們?cè)谧訉m里時(shí)的胎兒姿勢(shì)有關(guān)。)”以及下文“Itoffersanumberofbenefitstoyourbody,frompromotinghealthyspinealignment(脊椎對(duì)齊)whichcanhelptopreventbackpaintoreducingheartburnandsnoring.(它對(duì)你的身體有諸多益處，從促進(jìn)健康的并有助于預(yù)防背痛的脊椎對(duì)齊到減少燒心和打鼾。)”可知，此處應(yīng)是對(duì)側(cè)睡這一姿勢(shì)的評(píng)價(jià)，A選項(xiàng)“Sleepingonyoursideisprobablythebestposition.(側(cè)睡可能是最好的姿勢(shì)。)”，承接上文人們喜歡側(cè)睡的原因說(shuō)明了側(cè)睡是最好的睡姿，同時(shí)又引出下文說(shuō)明了其具體好處。故選A項(xiàng)。8．根據(jù)上文“Whenyou’resleepingonyourback,it’seasytokeepalignmentandtoalsoevenlydistributeyourweight.(當(dāng)你仰臥睡覺時(shí)，很容易保持身體對(duì)齊，也能均勻分布體重。)”可知，此處應(yīng)是說(shuō)明仰臥睡的好處，B選項(xiàng)“Thisalsohelpstopreventanyneckandbackpain.(這也有助于防止任何頸部和背部疼痛。)”中的“this”指代上文仰臥睡的優(yōu)勢(shì)，且補(bǔ)充了另一好處，邏輯連貫。故選B項(xiàng)。9．根據(jù)上文“Sleepingonyourstomachistheleastcommonsleepingposition.(俯臥睡是最不常見的睡眠姿勢(shì)。)”以及下文“Andthosewhosleepontheirstomachcouldputthemselvesatriskofalessrestfulnight’ssleep.(而且那些俯臥睡的人可能會(huì)讓自己面臨睡眠質(zhì)量不佳的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知，此處應(yīng)是說(shuō)俯臥睡的缺點(diǎn)，D選項(xiàng)“Therearemorenegativestothispositioncomparedtopositives.(這個(gè)姿勢(shì)的缺點(diǎn)比優(yōu)點(diǎn)多。)”，呼應(yīng)上文指出俯臥的缺點(diǎn)，且下文的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。10．根據(jù)下文“Youshouldconsidervariousfactorssuchasifyousnoreorsuffersleepproblems,orifyouoftenhavebackandneckpain.Sidesleepinghasbeennotedasthebestpositionforthebody,sothisisprobablyonetotryandgetintothehabitoftrying,butagain,italldependsonyou.(你應(yīng)該考慮各種因素，比如你是否打鼾或有睡眠問(wèn)題，或者你是否經(jīng)常背痛和脖子痛。側(cè)臥被認(rèn)為是對(duì)身體最好的姿勢(shì)，所以這可能是一種值得嘗試并養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣的姿勢(shì)，但同樣，這一切都取決于你。)”可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)選擇睡眠姿勢(shì)是個(gè)人的事，E選項(xiàng)“Determiningthesleepingpositionforyouispersonalpreference.(確定適合你的睡眠姿勢(shì)是個(gè)人偏好。)”，說(shuō)明選擇睡姿是個(gè)人偏好，引出下文選擇睡姿要考慮個(gè)人情況的陳述。故選E項(xiàng)。3Amajorityofpeopledesiretobecometheextroverts(外向的人).11Forexample,quietpeoplearegoodobservers.Insuchafast-pacedworld,quietpeople,withlesstimespentchatting,havemoreenergytoobservesituationsandpeople.Askaquietpersontheirthoughtsonasituationorperson,andyoumaybesurprisedtoreceiveanextremelyreflectiveanswer.12Quietpeoplethinkbeforetheyspeak.Inaworkdiscussionwithcolleagues,thequietmenandwomenhardlyspeaksuddenly,andinstead,theylistencarefully.Withlesstimespenttalking,quietpeoplehavetimetoreallythinkbeforetheyspeak.13Becausetheyaresoselectivewithwords,whentheyspeak,itseemslikethewholeworldstopstolistentowhattheyhavetosay.14Withtheirquiet,relaxedtemperament(性情),quietpeopleareoftentheearsthatothersruntoforadvice,andarealsorespectedfortheirgoodlisteningskillsandcautiouswords.Additionally,quietpeoplerarelyannoyothersintheirpresenceandtheyoftenmakeothersfeelatease.Quietpeopleworkonamoreproductivebasis.Quietpeopletendtobefreefromthedistractionsthatoftencomefrombeingaroundpeoplealldaylong.15Itiscommontoobserveaquietco-worker,aloneinhisorherofficeforhoursatatimeworkingonthequietfocus.A．Lesstalkingmeansmorereflectingandobserving,sotheywon’tmissmuch.B．Quietpeopleseemaccessible.C．Actuallyquietpeoplehavetheirownstrengths,though.D．Consequently,theyarecapableofaccomplishingalotontheirquietfocus.E．Itisraretoseeaquietfriendspeakrudely.F．Inthisway,theywilltakethetimetoensurewhattheyaresayingistrue.G．Quietpeoplearemoreintelligent.【答案】11．C12．A13．F14．B15．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章從善于觀察、三思而后言、善于傾聽、工作高效專注四個(gè)角度展開論證，反駁“多數(shù)人渴望成為外向者”的普遍認(rèn)知，強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)向者亦有獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)。11．根據(jù)第一段首句“Amajorityofpeopledesiretobecometheextroverts.(大多數(shù)人渴望成為外向的人)”和第三句“Forexample,quietpeoplearegoodobservers.(例如，安靜的人是很好的觀察者)”可知，這是將外向的人和安靜的人作對(duì)比，說(shuō)明安靜的人的優(yōu)勢(shì)。第一題位于它們之間，要滿足承上啟下原則，打破“外向優(yōu)于安靜”的刻板印象，C項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上，安靜的人也有他們自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)”，能引出下文舉例內(nèi)容。故選C。12．第二題在第二段句首，要滿足主題一致原則，后文圍繞它展開論述。根據(jù)這段話中的“Quietpeoplethinkbeforetheyspeak.Inaworkdiscussionwithcolleagues,thequietmenandwomenhardlyspeaksuddenly,andinstead,theylistencarefully.Withlesstimespenttalking,quietpeoplehavetimetoreallythinkbeforetheyspeak.(安靜的人在開口前會(huì)思考。在與同事的工作討論中，安靜的男女很少突然發(fā)言，相反，他們會(huì)認(rèn)真傾聽。由于說(shuō)話時(shí)間較少，安靜的人有時(shí)間在開口前進(jìn)行真正的思考)”可推斷，安靜的人雖然說(shuō)話不多，但他們會(huì)多思考，A項(xiàng)“少說(shuō)話意味著多反思與多觀察，因此他們不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)太多”，與推斷相吻合。故選A。13．第三題在第二段中間，根據(jù)它前面一句“Withlesstimespenttalking,quietpeoplehavetimetoreallythinkbeforetheyspeak.(由于花在交談上的時(shí)間較少，安靜的人有時(shí)間在開口前進(jìn)行認(rèn)真思考)”和后面一句“Becausetheyaresoselectivewithwords,whentheyspeak,itseemslikethewholeworldstopstolistentowhattheyhavetosay.(因?yàn)樗麄冇迷~極為考究，所以當(dāng)他們開口時(shí)，仿佛整個(gè)世界都停下來(lái)聆聽他們要說(shuō)的話)”可推知，由于安靜的人熱衷思考，他們開口說(shuō)話時(shí)更有可信度。本題位于它們之間，要滿足承上啟下的原則，體現(xiàn)安靜的人說(shuō)話時(shí)具有真實(shí)性，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“如此一來(lái)，他們便會(huì)花時(shí)間確保自己所言屬實(shí)”，滿足承上啟下的功能。故選F。14．第四題在第三段句首，要滿足主題一致原則，后文圍繞它展開論述。根據(jù)下文“Withtheirquiet,relaxedtemperament(性情),quietpeopleareoftentheearsthatothersruntoforadvice,andarealsorespectedfortheirgoodlisteningskillsandcautiouswords.Additionally,quietpeoplerarelyannoyothersintheirpresenceandtheyoftenmakeothersfeelatease.(性格安靜、沉穩(wěn)的人，往往是他人尋求建議時(shí)會(huì)找的傾聽者，他們良好的傾聽技巧和謹(jǐn)慎的言辭也備受尊重。此外，安靜的人在與人相處時(shí)很少惹惱他人，他們常常能讓別人感到自在)”可知，安靜的人平易近人，B項(xiàng)“安靜的人似乎平易近人”，與推斷相吻合。故選B。15．第五題在第四段中間，結(jié)合它前面一句“Quietpeopletendtobefreefromthedistractionsthatoftencomefrombeingaroundpeoplealldaylong.(安靜的人往往不會(huì)受到那些常常源于整日與人相處而產(chǎn)生的干擾)”和后面一句“Itiscommontoobserveaquietco-worker,aloneinhisorherofficeforhoursatatimeworkingonthequietfocus.(人們常常會(huì)看到一位安靜的同事，獨(dú)自在辦公室里一待就是幾個(gè)小時(shí)，專注地安靜工作)”可知，安靜的人工作不會(huì)分心，工作效率高，本題位于它們之間，要滿足承上啟下的原則，體現(xiàn)安靜的人能專注工作并取得成績(jī)，D項(xiàng)表示“因此，憑借沉穩(wěn)的專注力，他們能夠收獲豐碩成果”，與推斷相吻合。故選D。4BreakingAgeBiasintheWorkplaceAgeismintheworkplaceisaharshreality,yetitisoftenoverlooked.Whilepeoplevoicestrongobjectionstootherformsofdiscriminationlikesexismandracism,theyturnablindeyetoageismandsweepitunderthecarpet.16Weliveinayouth-centeredsociety,andthehypearound“outwiththeold,inwiththenew”mustend.ExperiencecannotbefoundonGoogle.Aperson’sagedoesnotreducetheirabilitytoworkhardormakevaluablecontributionstoanorganizationorsociety.Reaching35+doesnotmeansomeoneisincompetentandshouldbedeclined.Mythssuchas“Theycan’tlearn.”“Theylackcreativity.”“Theyarelessproductivethanyoungeremployees.”and“Theycan’tworkovertime.”areallbasedonfalsepremises.17Inthepast,agewasadmiredandhonored.18Thisshiftinattitudetowardagehurtsmanycareerpaths.Beingover40isonlyacceptableincertainseniorroles—forexample,inmanagementandpolitics,wherepeopletrustthosewithdecadesofexperience.Manypeopleover40arestuckintheircurrentjobsbecauseopportunitiesarelimited.19Undoubtedly,itwillgiverisetoserioussocialissuessoonerorlater.So,it’shightimetoendage-baseddiscrimination.Weshouldnotfearorfeelembarrassedtostateourage.Agebringswisdom,experience,knowledge,resilience,andmore.Ageandexperiencedeserverewards,notbias.20Afterall,weallgrowoldeventually.A．Experienceisatreasuregainedonlythroughtime.B．Today,however,itisoftenviewedwithdisrespect.C．Ageismisthusmorehiddenthanotherkindsofdiscrimination.D．Thus,weshouldvalueageinsteadofseeingitasaweakness.E．Andlimitedchancesmaketheirprofessionallivesunpromising.F．Suchwrongideasignoretherealvalueofolderworkers.G．Thisdisregardworsensduetosociety’swrongfocusonyouth.【答案】16．G17．F18．B19．E20．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章聚焦“職場(chǎng)年齡偏見”這一話題，剖析了職場(chǎng)中年齡歧視的現(xiàn)狀、成因及危害，呼吁終結(jié)基于年齡的歧視，重視年齡與經(jīng)驗(yàn)的價(jià)值。16．前一段“Ageismintheworkplaceisaharshreality,yetitisoftenoverlooked.Whilepeoplevoicestrongobjectionstootherformsofdiscriminationlikesexismandracism,theyturnablindeyetoageismandsweepitunderthecarpet.(工作場(chǎng)所的年齡歧視是一個(gè)殘酷的現(xiàn)實(shí)，但它往往被忽視。雖然人們強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)性別歧視和種族主義等其他形式的歧視，但他們對(duì)年齡歧視視而不見，并將其掩蓋起來(lái))”指出職場(chǎng)中年齡歧視常被忽視的現(xiàn)象，后文“Weliveinayouth-centeredsociety,andthehypearound“outwiththeold,inwiththenew”mustend.(我們生活在一個(gè)以年輕人為中心的社會(huì)，“淘汰舊的，引進(jìn)新的”的炒作必須結(jié)束)”提及終結(jié)以年輕人為中心的炒作，因此G項(xiàng)“Thisdisregardworsensduetosociety’swrongfocusonyouth.(這種忽視因社會(huì)對(duì)年輕人的錯(cuò)誤關(guān)注而加劇)”符合語(yǔ)境，承接前一段的現(xiàn)象描述，引出后文的終結(jié)話題，其中的Thisdisregard指代前文的ageism。故選G。17．前文“Mythssuchas“Theycan’tlearn.”“Theylackcreativity.”“Theyarelessproductivethanyoungeremployees.”and“Theycan’tworkovertime.”areallbasedonfalsepremises.(諸如“他們不會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)”“他們?nèi)狈?chuàng)造力”“他們的工作效率比年輕員工低”和“他們不能加班”之類的謬論都是基于錯(cuò)誤的前提)”列舉了各種關(guān)于年長(zhǎng)員工的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)知，因此F項(xiàng)“Suchwrongideasignoretherealvalueofolderworkers.(這些錯(cuò)誤觀念忽視了年長(zhǎng)員工的真正價(jià)值)”符合語(yǔ)境，總結(jié)批判這些錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)知，承接前文。故選F。18．前文“Inthepast,agewasadmiredandhonored.(在過(guò)去，年長(zhǎng)是受欽佩和尊敬的)”提到在過(guò)去對(duì)待年長(zhǎng)的積極態(tài)度，后文“Thisshiftinattitudetowardagehurtsmanycareerpaths.(這種對(duì)年長(zhǎng)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變傷害了許多職業(yè)道路)”指出對(duì)年齡態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變引發(fā)的負(fù)面后果，因此B項(xiàng)“Today,however,itisoftenviewedwithdisrespect.(然而，如今它常常被輕蔑地看待)”符合語(yǔ)境，指出如今對(duì)年長(zhǎng)的消極態(tài)度，和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比，引出后文。故選B。19．前文“Manypeopleover40arestuckintheircurrentjobsbecauseopportunitiesarelimited.(許多40歲以上的人因?yàn)闄C(jī)會(huì)有限而被困在目前的工作中)”提到許多40歲以上的人面臨的職業(yè)困境，后文“Undoubtedly,itwillgiverisetoserioussocialissuessoonerorlater.(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這遲早會(huì)引起嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問(wèn)題)”指出更大的社會(huì)問(wèn)題，因此E項(xiàng)“Andlimitedchancesmaketheirprofessionallivesunpromising.(而有限的機(jī)會(huì)使他們的職業(yè)生活前景黯淡)”符合語(yǔ)境，指出機(jī)會(huì)有限帶來(lái)的后果，承前啟后，其中的limitedchances和前文的opportunitiesarelimited呼應(yīng)。故選E。20．前文“Agebringswisdom,experience,knowledge,resilience,andmore.Ageandexperiencedeserverewards,notbias.(年長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)智慧、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、知識(shí)、適應(yīng)力等等。年長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)值得回報(bào)，而不是偏見)”肯定年長(zhǎng)的各種益處，后文“Afterall,weallgrowoldeventually.(畢竟，我們最終都會(huì)變老)”提醒人皆會(huì)老事實(shí)，因此D項(xiàng)“Thus,weshouldvalueageinsteadofseeingitasaweakness.(因此，我們應(yīng)該珍視年長(zhǎng)，而不是將其視為劣勢(shì))”符合語(yǔ)境，呼吁終結(jié)年齡歧視，和前文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，后文是對(duì)其補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。故選D。5Urbanareasaroundtheworldarefacingagrowingissue:theriseofstrayanimals,includingcatsanddogs.Theseanimalsoftenstruggletofindfoodandshelter,andtheycanalsoposeriskstopublichealthifnotproperlymanaged.21However,withtherightstrategies,communitiescanturnthetideandcreateasafer,morecompassionateenvironmentforbothhumansandstrayanimals.Oneeffectivestepistoestablishcommunityfeedingstations.22Thesestationsshouldbeplacedinquiet,low-trafficareastoavoiddisturbingresidents,andtheyshouldberegularlycleanedtopreventthespreadofdisease.Byprovidingconsistentfoodsources,communitiescanreducethenumberofstrayanimalswanderingthestreetsinsearchofmeals—whichalsolowerstheriskofconflictsbetweenstraysandhumans.Anotherkeymeasureistopromotetrap-neuter-return(TNR)programs.23Insteadofeuthanizingstrayanimals(acommonbutinhumanepracticeinsomeareas),TNRinvolvestrappingstrays,havingthemspayedorneuteredbyaveterinarian,andthenreturningthemtotheiroriginallocation.Thisnotonlycontrolsthestraypopulationovertimebutalsohelpskeephealthyanimalsintheirfamiliarhabitats,wheretheyarelesslikelytobecomeaggressive.Educationalsoplaysacrucialroleinstrayanimalprotection.24Manypeopleabandonpetsbecausetheycannotaffordmedicalcareordonotunderstandtheresponsibilityofpetownership.Localorganizationscanhostworkshopsonpetcare,offerlow-costvaccinationservices,andraiseawarenessabouttheconsequencesofabandoninganimals.Whenresidentsunderstandtheissues,theyaremorelikelytosupportprotectionefforts—andlesslikelytocontributetotheproblem.Finally,buildingpartnershipsbetweenlocalgovernments,animalshelters,andcommunitymembersisessential.25Forexample,shelterscanprovidetheresourcesforTNRprograms,whilevolunteerscanhelpmonitorfeedingstationsandreportsickorinjuredstrays.Governmentscanpasslawsthatbananimalabandonmentandfundspay-neuterservices.Wheneveryoneworkstogether,theimpactofstrayanimalprotectioneffortsmultipliessignificantly.A．Theseprogramsaredesignedtocontrolthestrayanimalpopulationwithoutharmingthem.B．Strayanimalscancarrydiseaseslikerabies,whichcanbetransmittedtohumansandotherpets.C．Feedingstraysdirectlyonthestreetcanleadtolitterandattractpestslikerats,soorganizedstationsarebetter.D．Manypeopleareafraidofstrayanimalsandwantthemtoberemovedfromtheirneighborhoodsimmediately.E．Somecommunitieshaveevenstarted“strayfriend”programs,wherevolunteerscheckonlocalstraysdaily.F．Withoutsuchpartnerships,individualeffortstoprotectstrayanimalsoftenfailtomakealong-termdifference.G．Petownersshouldberequiredtoregistertheiranimalsandkeepthemonleashesinpublicareastopreventloss.【答案】21．B22．C23．A24．D25．F【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是世界各地城市地區(qū)面臨流浪動(dòng)物增多的問(wèn)題，介紹了解決該問(wèn)題的有效策略。21．空前“Urbanareasaroundtheworldarefacingagrowingissue:theriseofstrayanimals,includingcatsanddogs.Theseanimalsoftenstruggletofindfoodandshelter,andtheycanalsoposeriskstopublichealthifnotproperlymanaged.(世界各地的城市都面臨著一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題：流浪動(dòng)物的增多，包括貓和狗。這些動(dòng)物往往難以找到食物和住所，如果管理不當(dāng)，它們還可能對(duì)公眾健康構(gòu)成威脅。)”說(shuō)明了流浪動(dòng)物增多的現(xiàn)象和如果管理不當(dāng)，它們可能會(huì)對(duì)公眾健康構(gòu)成威脅，空格處應(yīng)該補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明會(huì)有什么具體的健康方面的威脅，B選項(xiàng)“Strayanimalscancarrydiseaseslikerabies,whichcanbetransmittedtohumansandotherpets.(流浪動(dòng)物會(huì)攜帶狂犬病等疾病，這種疾病會(huì)傳染給人類和其他寵物。)”說(shuō)明的是流浪動(dòng)物帶來(lái)的具體的威脅，承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。22．空前“Oneeffectivestepistoestablishcommunityfeedingstations.(一個(gè)有效的步驟是建立社區(qū)供給站。)”說(shuō)明本段要講喂流浪動(dòng)物方面的內(nèi)容，空后“Thesestationsshouldbeplacedinquiet,low-trafficareastoavoiddisturbingresidents,andtheyshouldberegularlycleanedtopreventthespreadofdisease.(這些站點(diǎn)應(yīng)放置在安靜，人流量低的地區(qū)，以避免打擾居民，并應(yīng)定期清潔，以防止疾病傳播。)”說(shuō)明站點(diǎn)應(yīng)該怎么設(shè)置，空格處應(yīng)該和喂動(dòng)物的站點(diǎn)有關(guān)，C選項(xiàng)“Feedingstraysdirectlyonthestreetcanleadtolitterandattractpestslikerats,soorganizedstationsarebetter.(在街上直接喂養(yǎng)流浪狗會(huì)導(dǎo)致垃圾和吸引老鼠等害蟲，所以有組織的站點(diǎn)更好。)”說(shuō)明了設(shè)置站點(diǎn)的必要性，引出下文站點(diǎn)應(yīng)該如何設(shè)置，因此引起下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。23．空前“Anotherkeymeasureistopromotetrap-neuter-return(TNR)programs.(另一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵措施是推行陷阱-絕育-放歸（TNR）計(jì)劃。)”提到了推行陷阱-中性回報(bào)（TNR）計(jì)劃，空格處應(yīng)該說(shuō)這些計(jì)劃相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)“Theseprogramsaredesignedtocontrolthestrayanimalpopulationwithoutharmingthem.(這些計(jì)劃旨在控制流浪動(dòng)物的數(shù)量而不傷害它們。)”中的programs和上文的trap-neuter-return(TNR)programs一致，說(shuō)明了這些計(jì)劃的目的，因此承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。24．空后“Manypeopleabandonpetsbecausetheycannotaffordmedicalcareordonotunderstandtheresponsibilityofpetownership.(許多人拋棄寵物是因?yàn)樗麄冐?fù)擔(dān)不起醫(yī)療費(fèi)用，或者不明白養(yǎng)寵物的責(zé)任。)”說(shuō)明了很多人的錯(cuò)誤的做法，本段主旨句是“Educationalsoplaysacrucialroleinstrayanimalprotection.(教育在流浪動(dòng)物保護(hù)中也起著至關(guān)重要的作用。)”，說(shuō)明要對(duì)人們一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)男袨檫M(jìn)行教育，D選項(xiàng)“Manypeopleareafraidofstrayanimalsandwantthemtoberemovedfromtheirneighborhoodsimmediately.(許多人害怕流浪動(dòng)物，希望它們立即離開他們的社區(qū)。)”說(shuō)的是人們不好的想法，從而突出了教育的重要性，且和后文不恰當(dāng)?shù)淖龇ㄏ嗪魬?yīng)，因此承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。25．空前“Finally,buildingpartnershipsbetweenlocalgovernments,animalshelters,andcommunitymembersisessential.(最后，在地方政府、動(dòng)物收容所和社區(qū)成員之間建立伙伴關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。)”說(shuō)明了在地方政府、動(dòng)物收容所和社區(qū)成員之間建立伙伴關(guān)系至關(guān)重要，空格處也應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)這種伙伴關(guān)系的重要性，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Withoutsuchpartnerships,individualeffortstoprotectstrayanimalsoftenfailtomakealong-termdifference.(如果沒有這樣的伙伴關(guān)系，個(gè)人保護(hù)流浪動(dòng)物的努力往往無(wú)法產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)期的影響。)”突出了建立這種伙伴關(guān)系的重要性，承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。6Recycling(回收利用)hasbecomemoreandmoreimportantinoureffortstoprotecttheenvironment.Whileyoumayworkhardtogroup,reuse,andrepurpose,itcanbesadwhenyoureffortsseemfruitlessbecauseofyourneighbors’carelessness.26However,usingthesewayscanhelpencourageyourneighborstotakeaction:·Makerecyclingeasy:addbins(垃圾桶)toyourarea.Thebestwaytogetpeopletodosomethingistomakeiteasyforthem.Placerecyclingbinsnexttotrashcansinbusyareassuchasparksandparkinglots.Tryusingbinswithdifferentcolors.27Checkwithyourlocaldisposalservice;theymayofferfreebinstoyourneighborsandregularpickupservices.·28Organizeanactivitytobringthecommunitytogetherwhileteachingthemabouttheadvantagesofrecycling.Explainhowdevelopingthesesmallhabitscanhelpourplanet.Trycreatingclearrulesexplaininglocalrulestohomesandbusinesses.Thiscanhelpneighborsw