Thebeautyoftheworldcomesfromthediversityofpeople,whichismainlyreflectedinthedifferencesinlanguage,nationality,race,religion,culturaltraditionandotheraspects,thusleadingtothediversityofhumansociety.Differenthistoryandnationalconditions,aswellasdifferentethnicgroupsandcustoms,havegivenbirthtodifferentcivilisationsandmadeupacolourfulworld.Part1ListeningandSpeaking—DiscoveringUsefulStructures閱讀單詞1.gumbon.秋葵湯(用秋葵莢做的濃雞湯或海鮮湯)2.nachos n.[pl.]墨西哥玉米片3.chip n.(英)炸土豆條;(美)炸薯片;芯片;碎片4.cheese n.干酪;奶酪5.spicy adj.加有香料的;辛辣的6.ethnic adj.具有民族特色的;異國風(fēng)味的;民族的;種族的7.district n.地區(qū);區(qū)域8.graffiti n.[pl.]涂鴉;胡寫亂畫9.comic n.連環(huán)畫雜志;漫畫雜志;喜劇演員 adj.滑稽的;使人發(fā)笑的10.china n.瓷;瓷器11.jazz n.爵士樂12.bar n.酒吧;小吃店;小館子13.diagram n.簡圖;圖解;圖表;示意圖14.journal n.日志;日記;報紙;刊物15.Atlantic adj.大西洋的16.jeans n.牛仔褲17.boot n.靴子18.mushroom n.蘑菇;蕈核心單詞1.downtown adv.在市中心;往市中心2.mission n.傳教(區(qū));重要任務(wù);使命3.afterwards adv.以后;后來4.seek vt.&vi.尋找;尋求;爭取;(向人)請求5.claim vt.&n.奪取(生命);宣稱;斷言6.series n.一系列;連續(xù);接連7.escape vi.&vt.逃走;逃脫;避開 n.逃跑;逃脫;解脫8.fold vt.包;裹;折疊 vt.&vi.(可)折小;(可)疊平9.super adv.特別;格外 adj.頂好的;超級的運用詞匯1.diverseadj.不同的;多種多樣的→diversityn.差異(性);不同(點);多樣性2.fortunen.機會;運氣;大筆的錢;命運→fortunateadj.幸運的→fortunatelyadv.幸運地→misfortunen.厄運;不幸;不幸事件→unfortunateadj.不幸的→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地3.admitvi.&vt.承認vt.準許進入(或加入);接納→admissionn.承認;準許進入;入場費4.definitelyadv.肯定;確實→definiteadj.清楚的;肯定的→definitionn.定義;解釋→indefiniteadj.模糊不清的;不明確的5.occurvi.發(fā)生;出現(xiàn)→occurrencen.發(fā)生;出現(xiàn);發(fā)生的事情6.historicaladj.(有關(guān))歷史的→historyn.歷史;發(fā)展史→historicadj.歷史上著名(或重要)的;有史時期的7.earnvt.&vi.掙得;賺得;贏得;博得→earningsn.[pl.]收益;收入;工資8.immigrantn.(外來)移民;外僑→immigratevi.(從外地)移居,移民→immigrationn.移民(入境);移民人數(shù)9.selectvt.選擇;挑選;選拔→selectionn.選擇;挑選;選拔→selectiveadj.選擇性的;有選擇的10.minorityn.少數(shù)民族;少數(shù)派;少數(shù)人→minoradj.較小的;次要的11.financialadj.財政的;財務(wù)的;金融的→financen.財政;金融;資金→financiallyadv.財政上;金融上12.poetryn.詩集;詩歌;詩作→poemn.詩→poetn.詩人13.poisonousadj.引起中毒的;有毒的;分泌毒素的→poisonn.毒物;毒藥;毒素vt.毒死;毒害重點詞塊1.ontopof...在……的頂部/上方2.usedtodosth 過去常常做某事3.headto (朝……)前進;(向……)去4.seekone’sfortune 尋找成功致富之路;闖世界5.earnaliving 謀生6.join...to... 把……和……連接起來7.bringabout 導(dǎo)致;引起8.seriesof 一系列或一連串(事件)9.apartfrom 除了……外(還);此外10.behometo ……的發(fā)源地;是……的家園重點句型1.我不得不承認,再次回到城里的感覺實在是太棒了。Ihavetoadmitthatitdefinitelyfeelsgoodtobebackinthecityagain.2.這里有眾多美麗的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巔,城市、大海和金門大橋的美景盡收眼底。Therearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings—manysittingontopofbighills,offeringgreatviewsofthecity,theocean,andtheGoldenGateBridge.3.同年,圣弗朗西斯科附近發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金,引發(fā)了淘金熱。Inthesameyear,goldwasdiscoverednearSanFrancisco,whichstartedagoldrush.4.這里有很多不錯的咖啡館和餐館可供選擇。Thereweresomanygoodcafésandrestaurantstochoosefrom.1.主題語境:人與社會——了解一個具有多元文化特點的城市2.語篇類型:旅行日記3.課文內(nèi)容分析:在日記中,中國學(xué)生LiLan記錄了自己的加利福尼亞州之行,并主要介紹了在圣弗朗西斯科一天的行程和所見所聞——從最初對圣弗朗西斯科的城市建筑產(chǎn)生興趣到逐漸體會到多元文化對這個城市方方面面的影響。閱讀本文,有利于加深學(xué)生對文化異同的理解和尊重,形成開放、包容的性格,并鼓勵他們積極促進多元文化的和諧發(fā)展。答案:1.centre2.Mexican-C5.Chinatown6.served7.jazz()1.Whatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheauthor?A.ShelikesthemixofculturesinSanFrancisco.B.Shedoesn’tlikethefoodintheMissionDistrict.C.SheisanativetoSanFrancisco.D.Shedoesn’tknowmuchaboutCalifornia.()2.WhydidmanypeoplecometoSanFranciscoin1848?A.Becausetherewasanartmovement.B.Becausegoldwasdiscoverednearthecity.C.Becausetheywantedtobuildanewhomethere.D.Becausethecitywasbeautiful.()3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutChinatown?A.Itisapoorareaofthecity.B.Itisacentreforart,music,andfood.C.Manyimmigrantsworkedonfarmsthere.D.Peoplecaneatdifferentkindsoffoodthere.()4.WheredidtheauthorstayinSanFrancisco?A.InahotelintheRichmondDistrict. B.Inahotelneardowntown.C.Inapoorareaofthecity. D.InamuseuminChinatown.()5.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toshareaninterestingexperience.B.TointroduceSanFranciscowithdiversecultures.C.Toshowthehardshipsoftheimmigrants.D.ToattractreaderstovisitSanFrancisco.答案:1.A2.B3.D4.B5.B1.Ihavetoadmitthatitdefinitelyfeelsgoodtobebackinthecityagain.我不得不承認,再次回到城里的感覺實在是太棒了?！颽dmitvi.&vt.承認vt.準許進入(或加入);接納admissionn.承認;準許進入;入場費(2022·全國乙卷)Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.12歲以下的孩子由一個成人陪同可以免門票入場。Thewaiteradmittedmeintothehotel.服務(wù)員讓我進入賓館。Headmittedhismistakeandcorrecteditbeforeitwastoolate.他承認了自己的錯誤并且及時改正了。[備用例句]Youwillnotbeadmittedtothetheatreaftertheperformancehasstarted.演出開始后不許進入劇場?！dmitdoing/havingdonesth承認做過某事admitsb/sthtobe/as...承認某人/某物是……admit(tosb)that...(向某人)承認……admit...to/into...允許……加入/進入……beadmittedto/into...被接納進入……;被錄取到……beadmittedas...被承認為……;被接納為……·gainadmissionto...獲準進入……(1)句子語法填空①Onlyathleteswhohavereachedtheagreedstandardfortheireventwillbeadmittedcompetitors.

②Hewassadthathefailedtogain(admit)totheuniversityofhischoice.

③OnSundayIgotwordthatTom(admit)tohospitalforaseriousdisease.

(2)完成句子④得知你被理想的大學(xué)錄取了,我迫不及待地要向你表示祝賀。(應(yīng)用文寫作·祝賀信)Learningthatyouridealuniversity,Ican’twaittoexpressmycongratulationstoyou.

⑤她走向湯姆,向他道歉,并承認不小心把蛋糕掉在了地板上,給他造成了巨大的麻煩。(讀后續(xù)寫·語言描寫)SheapproachedTom,apologisedtohimandthecakeonthefloorbymistake,causinggreattroubletohim.

答案:(1)①as②admission③wasadmitted(2)④youareadmittedto/into⑤admitteddropping/havingdropped或admittedthatshehaddropped2.Andwhatacity—acitythatwasabletorebuilditselfaftertheearthquakethatoccurredin1906.多么神奇的一座城市啊——一座1906年大地震后重建的城市?！飋ccurvi.發(fā)生;出現(xiàn)occurrencen.發(fā)生;出現(xiàn);發(fā)生的事情Agoodideaoccurredtomeallatonce.突然間我想到一個好主意。ItoccurredtomethatithadbeentoolongsinceIheardfromJack.我突然想到我已經(jīng)很久沒有收到杰克的消息了。sthoccurstosb(想法等)浮現(xiàn)在某人的腦海中;某人突然想起某事Itoccurstosbtodosth某人突然想到做某事Itoccurstosbthat...某人突然想到……(It作形式主語,真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句,且that不能省略)①occur的過去式和過去分詞均為occurred,現(xiàn)在分詞為occurring。②occur沒有被動語態(tài),不用于進行時。occur作謂語時,主語不能是人。③表示“某人突然想到……”的句型如下所示。Itstrikes/strucksb+that從句;Ithits/hitsb+that從句;sthstrike(s)sb;sthcome(s)tosb;sbhit(s)on/uponsth(1)句子語法填空①Aperfectideaoccurredusthatwecouldgiveahand-madegifttoourteacherforthecomingTeachers’Day.

②Itoccurredtohim(phone)thepoliceforhelp.

③Whathedescribesismoreamade-upstorythanareal(occur).

(2)完成句子④那天晚上一場可怕的暴風(fēng)雨來襲,狂風(fēng)怒吼,大雨傾盆而下。(讀后續(xù)寫·天氣描寫)Thatnight,

withthewildwindhowlingandtherainpouringdown.⑤我突然想到第二天早上要參加一個重要的講座。很抱歉不能跟你一起去書店了。(應(yīng)用文寫作·道歉信)Ihadanimportantlecturetoattendthenextmorning.Iwassosorryfornotbeingabletogotothebookstorewithyou.

答案:(1)①to②tophone③occurrence(2)④aterriblestormoccurred⑤Itoccurredtomethat3.Over300,000peoplecamefromallovertheworldtoseektheirfortune,...世界各地30多萬人蜂擁而至,在這里謀出路,……★seekvt.&vi.尋找;尋求;爭取;(向人)請求(2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.尋求并接受有建設(shè)性的反饋對于成長非常重要。Lastweek,agroupofinternationalstudentsvisitedourschooltoseekafterourteadrinkingculture.上周,一群國際學(xué)生為了追尋我們的飲茶文化而參觀了我們學(xué)校。Wearealwaysseekingtoimproveworkingconditions.我們一直在設(shè)法改善工作條件。seekfor/after尋找;追求seektodosth試圖/設(shè)法做某事seeksthfromsb向某人征求/尋求某物seekone’sfortune尋找成功致富之路;闖世界(1)句子語法填空①Theshopkeeperistryingtoseekabetterwaytowinhiscustomersback,perhapswithadiscount.

②Scientistshavebeenseeking(solve)themysteryofpeople’s“sixthsense”.

(2)完成句子③我們朝熊大喊大叫,并敲打玻璃瓶,試圖把熊嚇跑。(讀后續(xù)寫·動作描寫)Weyelledatthebearandhitglassbottles,.

④了解到您是這方面的專家,我寫信向您尋求關(guān)于如何與朋友友好相處的建議。(應(yīng)用文寫作·求助信)Knowingthatyouareanexpertinthefield,Iamwritingtoonhowtogetalongwellwithfriends.

答案:(1)①for②tosolve(2)③seekingtofrightenthebearaway④seekyouradvice/seekadvicefromyou★fortunen.機會;運氣;大筆的錢;命運fortunateadj.幸運的unfortunateadj.不幸的fortunatelyadv.幸運地unfortunatelyadv.不幸地misfortunen.厄運;不幸;不幸事件Ihadthegoodfortunetobechosenforstudyingabroad.我有幸被選中出國留學(xué)。Determinednevertocomebackbeforehecouldmakeabigfortune,Mikelefthomewithoutsayingaword.邁克決心在賺大錢之前決不回來,于是一句話也沒說就離開了家。Mycousinwasfortunatetofindajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.我表姐很幸運,大學(xué)一畢業(yè)就找到了工作。makea/one’sfortune發(fā)財seek/tryone’sfortune找出路;碰運氣havethegoodfortunetodosth=befortunatetodo/indoingsth有幸做某事fortune作“機會;運氣”講時,為不可數(shù)名詞;作“時運;命運”講時,為可數(shù)名詞。(1)句子語法填空①Itwas(fortunate)thathecouldn’tspeakEnglish.Badluck!

②Ihavebeen(fortune)enoughtovisitmanypartsoftheworldasalecturer.

③(fortunate),justasshewasabouttogiveup,akindstrangerofferedherahelpinghand.

(2)完成句子④能有機會參加這個項目,我感到非常幸運。(應(yīng)用文寫作·感謝信)Ithe

opportunitytoparticipateinthisprogramme.答案:(1)①unfortunate②fortunate③Fortunately(2)④feelextremelyfortunatetohavehadHedecidedtotryhisfortunedowntowntoseeifhecouldmakeafortune.Fortunately,hewasfortunatetogetthehelpofthemayorandsuccessfullystartedhisownbusiness.他決定到市中心碰碰運氣,看看能否發(fā)財。幸運的是,他有幸得到了市長的幫助,并成功創(chuàng)辦了自己的企業(yè)。4.Toearnaliving,someopenedupshopsandrestaurantsinChinatown.為了謀生,有些人在中國城開商店、開餐館?！鬳arnvt.&vi.掙得;賺得;贏得;博得earningsn.[pl.]收益;收入;工資TheadmirationandrespecthisuncleearnedinspiredNielsentomakeacareerinacting.尼爾森的叔叔贏得的欽佩和尊敬激勵尼爾森走上了演藝之路。Youreffortswillearnyouagoodreputation.你的努力將會為你贏得贊譽。Heturnedtowritingtoearnaliving.他開始以寫作謀生。earna/one’sliving相當(dāng)于makea/one’sliving謀生earnmoney相當(dāng)于makemoney掙錢earnone’srespect贏得某人的尊重(敬)earnsbsth使某人賺得/獲得某物earnsthby(doing)sth通過(做)某事獲得某物(1)句子語法填空①Heearnslivingbywritingnovels.

②Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotsellingfish.

(2)完成句子③她幫助他人克服困難的勇氣和愿望為她贏得了全世界人民的尊重和愛戴。(應(yīng)用文寫作·人物介紹)Hercourageanddesiretohelpothersovercometheirproblemsofpeopleallovertheworld.

④于是他兒子說:“親愛的爸爸,您的處境太困難了,我也是您的負擔(dān)。這樣倒不如讓我出去闖一闖,掙口飯吃?！?讀后續(xù)寫·語言描寫)Sohissonsaid,“DearDad,youhavefallenonveryhardtimesandI’maburdentoyou;itwillbebetterifIgoawayand.”

答案:(1)①a②by(2)③earnedhertherespectandlove④trytoearna/mylivingHisrichworkingexperienceearnedhimagoodchanceinthebigcompanythreeyearsago,andnowhenotonlyearnshislivingbyworkingherebutalsohasearned/earnsareputationinthefieldofhiswork.Besides,hisearningsarerisingyearbyyear.三年前,他豐富的工作經(jīng)驗為他在這家大公司贏得了一個很好的機會,現(xiàn)在他不僅在這里謀生而且也在他工作的領(lǐng)域贏得了聲譽。此外,他的收入還在逐年增長。5.IselectedaCantoneserestaurantthatserveditsfoodonbeautifulchinaplates.我挑了一家粵菜館,他們端出來的菜肴是放在精美的瓷盤子上的?！魋electvt.選擇;挑選;選拔selectionn.選擇;挑選;選拔selectiveadj.選擇性的;有選擇的MrZhouwasselectedastheBestTeacheroftheYear.周老師被評選為年度優(yōu)秀教師。ThemanagerofthecompanyselectedJacktomakeaspeechatthemeeting.公司的經(jīng)理選杰克在會上發(fā)言。select...as/tobe...評選/挑選……作為……selectsbtodosth挑選某人做某事select...for...為……挑選……select...from...從……中挑選……select強調(diào)精心“挑選”;elect指“選舉;推選”;pick常強調(diào)挑剔和苛刻地“挑選”;choose指一般意義的“選擇”。(1)句子語法填空①Shebehavedsowellthatshewasselected(represent)thecompanyattheconference.

②Hemadeacareful(select)beforemakingapurchase.

③Youcanselectyourfavouritedishthemenu.

(2)完成句子④事實上,他是如此負責(zé)任和熱心,所以我們選他當(dāng)班長。(應(yīng)用文寫作·人物介紹)Infact,hewassoresponsibleandwarm-heartedthat.

⑤走了很長一段路,我們到達了山頂,選了一個好地方扎營。(讀后續(xù)寫·動作描寫)Afteralongwalk,wearrivedatthetopofthemountainand.

答案:(1)①torepresent②selection③from(2)④weselectedhimas/tobeourmonitor⑤selectedagoodplaceforourcamp6.Whatdoyouthinkbroughtabouttheculturaldiversity?你認為是什么導(dǎo)致了文化的多樣性?★bringabout導(dǎo)致;引起Thinkinginapositive,self-encouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone’sphysicalandmentalhealth.以積極、自我鼓勵的方式思考會給一個人的身心健康帶來很多好處。Thekindnessofstrangershasdonemuchtobringbackmyfaithinhumanity.陌生人的善舉使我恢復(fù)了對人性的信心。Pressurecanbringouttheworstinpeople.壓力會激發(fā)出人最壞的一面。bringup養(yǎng)育;撫養(yǎng);提出;嘔吐bringin引進;獲利;賺得bringout使表現(xiàn)出;顯現(xiàn);出版;闡明bringback把……帶回;使想起;使恢復(fù)bringdown減少;降低;使倒下除bringabout外,常見的表示“導(dǎo)致;引起”的詞語還有cause、resultin、leadto、contributeto等。用帶有bring的短語完成下列句子①Thesupermarketthepricesofdailygoodstopromoteitssalesvolume.

②TheInternetisatechnologicalwonder,far-reachingchangesinallaspectsofourlives.

③Thephotoslotsofgoodmemories.

④byhisuncle,hehasmadeuphismindtodosomethinginreturnforhim.

答案:①broughtdown②bringingabout③bringback④Broughtup7.Over3,000liveswereclaimedinthe1906SanFranciscoearthquakeandtheseriesoffiresthatoccurredafterit.在1906年的舊金山(圣弗朗西斯科)大地震中有3000多人被奪去生命,并且震后還發(fā)生了一系列的火災(zāi)?！颿laimvt.&n.奪取(生命);宣稱;斷言;要求(擁有);索取Itwasclaimedthataseriesofstrangethingshappenedhere.據(jù)說這里發(fā)生了一連串奇怪的事。Shealwaysclaimstoknowthebest.她總是聲稱自己最了解情況。Expertsclaimtohavefoundtheworld’soldestfossils.專家聲稱找到了世界上最古老的化石?！tisclaimedthat...據(jù)說……claimthat/todo...聲稱……claimtohavedonesth聲稱做過某事claimoneselftobe某人自稱是……claimsthback索回;要回·make/haveaclaim索賠(1)一詞多義:寫出下列句中claim的漢語釋義①Idon’tclaimtobeanexpert.

②Thecarcrashclaimedthreelives.

③Shehasdeniedthemagazine’sclaimthatsheisleavingtheteam.

(2)完成句子④雷突然改變了主意,聲稱他在昨天的比賽中沒有做錯任何事,這讓我們大吃一驚。(讀后續(xù)寫·語言描寫)Raysuddenlychangedhismind,anythingwronginyesterday’scompetition,whichsurprisedus.

答案:(1)①宣稱②奪取(生命)③斷言(2)④claimingthathehadnotdone8.AftervisitingthesouthernpartofYunnan,IhavetoadmitthatitisthebestregionofChinatoescapethecoldwinter.在參觀了云南南部之后,我不得不承認它是中國最適合躲避寒冬的地區(qū)?！飁scapevi.&vt.逃走;逃脫;避開n.逃跑;逃脫;解脫;消遣escapedadj.逃跑了的(2023·浙江1月卷)Itwasahummingbird,desperatelytryingtoescape.它是一只蜂鳥,正在拼命地試圖逃脫。Notmanypeoplesurvivesuchanarrowescapefromdeath.死里逃生的人并不多。Fortunately,heescapedbeingkilledinthecaraccident.很幸運,他沒在車禍中喪命?！scapefrom/outof...從……逃脫;逃離escapeinto...逃進……escapedoing/beingdonesth逃避(被)做某事escapeone’sattention/notice逃過某人的注意·anarrowescape九死一生escape作“被……遺忘;沒有被……注意到”講時,用sthescape(s)sb結(jié)構(gòu)表示,而不是用sbescape(s)sth結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)一詞多義:寫出下列句中escape的漢語釋義①Nodetailwastoosmalltoescapeherattention.

②Theyweregladtoescapethecoldwinterforanotheryear.

③Forher,travellingwasanescapefromhereverydaylife.

(2)完成句子④淚水從他的眼睛里流出,順著臉頰流下。(讀后續(xù)寫·細節(jié)描寫)Tearsandrolleddownhischeeks.

答案:(1)①逃脫②避開③解脫;消遣(2)④escapedfromhiseyes1.Ihavetoadmitthatitdefinitelyfeelsgoodtobebackinthecityagain.我不得不承認,再次回到城里的感覺實在是太棒了?！鬷t作形式主語本句中,that引導(dǎo)賓語從句,在從句中it作形式主語,真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式tobebackinthecityagain。常用于這個結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有easy、difficult、hard、important、possible等。It’snecessaryfortheyoungtomastertwoforeignlanguages.對年輕人來說,掌握兩門外語是必要的。[備用例句]①It’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.真遺憾,你錯過了那場激動人心的足球賽。②Itissaidthateatingmoreeggsmaystrengthenone’simmunity.據(jù)說多吃雞蛋能增強人的免疫力。(1)句子語法填空①Itisnogood(spend)toomuchtimeoncomputergames.

②issaidthattheticketshavebeensoldout.

③Itisuptoyou(decide)onyourfuturecareer.

(2)翻譯句子④天黑之前趕到那里很困難。

⑤保護環(huán)境是每個人的責(zé)任。

答案:(1)①spending②It③todecide(2)④Itisdifficulttogettherebeforedark.⑤Itiseveryone’sdutytoprotecttheenvironment.2.Thereweresomanygoodcafésandrestaurantstochoosefrom.這里有很多不錯的咖啡館和餐館可供選擇?！鬞herebe+n.+非謂語動詞Therearelotsofquestionstobediscussedinthemeeting.會議上有很多問題要討論。(2024·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Thankfully,therewasalongqueuestillwaitingtoboardthebus.謝天謝地,還有很長的隊伍在等著上車。Thereismorethanoneachievementmade,whichmakesthewholeteamexcited.取得了不止一項成就,這讓整個團隊都很興奮?！herebe+n.+doing表示主動關(guān)系,同時表示動作正在進行Therebe+n.+done表示被動關(guān)系,同時表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生Therebe+n.+todo/tobedone表示動作尚未發(fā)生·Therebe句型還常常以下列形式出現(xiàn):Thereseems/appears/happens/usedtobe...Therestands/lies/exists/remains/follows/lives/comes/goes...Therebenouse/good/sense/point/need/doubt/possibility(in)doing...動詞不定式與被修飾詞為被動關(guān)系,如不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞,其后應(yīng)加介詞。(1)句子語法填空①Thereisalotofhousework(do)intheafternoonsoIcan’taccompanyyoutothecinema.

②Therearemanypeople(apply)forthejobadvertisedinthenewspaper.

③Thereisagreatbreakthrough(make),whichhasrelievedallthemembersoftheteam.

(2)完成句子④公園里有很多老年人在練太極拳。Therewerelotsofelderlypeopleinthepark.

⑤有一大群人要來給他送行。Thereisalargecrowd.

答案:(1)①todo②applying③made(2)④practisingtaichi⑤toseehimoff①Therearesomanybeautifuloldbuildings—②manysittingontopofbighills,③offeringgreatviewsofthecity,theocean,andtheGoldenGateBridge.這里有眾多美麗的古建筑——不少坐落于大山之巔,城市、大海和金門大橋的美景盡收眼底。分析:句①是主干部分,②是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),補充說明somanybeautifuloldbuildings的情況;③是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。情境寫作①博物館里有很多展品,很多是獨特且具有教育意義的,吸引了很多游客前來參觀。②他正在課堂上專心聽講,眼睛盯著黑板,認真地記下老師講的內(nèi)容。答案:①Therearesomanyexhibitsinthemuseum—manyuniqueandeducational,attractingagreatmanyvisitorstovisit.②Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard,writingdowncarefullywhattheteacherhadsaid.地理位置描寫一、課文詞匯1.ontopof...在……頂部/上方2.near在……附近;靠近3.here在這里4.headto(朝……)前進;(向……)去5.allovertheworld全世界二、補充詞匯6.liein/to/on位于7.belocated/situatedin/at/on...坐落于……8.besurroundedby...被……圍繞/環(huán)繞9.takeawalkalong...沿著……散步10.inthecentreof...在……的中央11.on/atthecorner...在……拐角處12.ontheright/left在右邊/左邊13.oppositeto相反14.acrosstheriver河對岸15.standatthefootof/onthetopof...坐落于……腳下/頂部一、課本原句1.Myhotelisneardowntown,intheMissionDistrict,oneoftheoldestpartsofthecity.我住的旅館靠近市中心,位于教會區(qū),這是圣弗朗西斯科最古老的街區(qū)之一。2.Intheafternoon,IheadedtoalocalmuseumthatshowedthehistoricalchangesinCalifornia.下午,我前往當(dāng)?shù)匾患也┪镳^參觀,博物館展示了加利福尼亞的歷史變遷。3.Over300,000peoplecamefromallovertheworldtoseektheirfortune,andSanFranciscoquicklybecameabigcity.世界各地30多萬人蜂擁而至,在這里謀出路,圣弗朗西斯科迅速成為一座大都市。二、其他表達4.HewalkedtothebusstopatthecornerofParkAvenueandSixthStreet.他走到位于公園大道和第六街拐角處的公共汽車站。5.It’slocatedinaquietbuildingandit’sclosetobuslines.它位于一棟安靜的建筑里,離公交線路很近。6.Onarrivingatthetopofthehill,weweredeeplyattractedbythebeautifulscenery.一到達山頂,我們就被這里美麗的風(fēng)景深深吸引了。7.Westofthecitystandsatallbuilding.城西聳立著一座高樓。8.Surroundedbymountainsonthreesides,thesmallvillagefacesaclearriverontheeast.這個小村莊三面環(huán)山,東臨一條清澈的河流。1.我住在一個群山環(huán)繞的小鎮(zhèn)上。鎮(zhèn)中心有一個美麗的公園。在公園附近,有一條河。河對岸有一個農(nóng)場。這里的風(fēng)景很美,我真的很喜歡這個地方。2.我強烈建議你去參觀北京的長城和故宮博物院,在那里你一定會對中國古代人民的偉大杰作感到吃驚。此外,你可以沿著南鑼鼓巷散步,感受四合院等老建筑的建筑風(fēng)格。答案:1.Iliveinasmalltownsurroundedbymountains.Thereisabeautifulparkinthecentreofthetown.Nearthepark,thereisariver.Acrosstheriver,thereisafarm.Thesceneryhereisverybeautiful,andIreallylikethisplace.2.IhighlyrecommendyoutopayavisittotheGreatWallandthePalaceMuseuminBeijing,whereyoumustbeamazedatthegreatworksofancientChinesepeople.Besides,youcantakeawalkalongNanluoguLanetofeelthearchitecturalstyleoftheoldbuildingslikeSiheyuan.課文二次開發(fā)利用課文語法填空AftercampingintheRedwoodForestandvisitingthewinecountryofNapaValley,IarrivedinSanFrancisco.Thecityrebuilt1.(it)aftertheearthquakethatoccurredin1906.VisitorscangetgreatviewsofSanFrancisco,theoceanandtheGoldenGateBridge.

Ilivedinahotelneardowntown,intheMissionDistrict.Thedistrictisnowacentreforart,music,andfood.Iwalkedaround2.(look)atthestreetartforafewhours.Afterwards,IhadsomedeliciousMexican-Chinesenoodlesfromafoodtruck.Therewasarealmixofculturesinthiscity.

Intheafternoon,Iheaded3.alocalmuseumwhereIwatchedthe4.(history)changesinCalifornia.IlearntthatAmericadidn’tgetCaliforniafromMexico5.1848,whengoldwasdiscoverednearSanFrancisco.Peoplefromallovertheworldcamehere6.(seek)theirfortune.ManyChinesecametothecityaswell.ThemuseumalsoshowedhowAmerica7.(build)byimmigrantsfromdifferent8.(country)andcultures.

Intheevening,IwenttoChinatown,9.thereweresomanygoodcafésandrestaurantstochoosefrom.I10.(select)aCantoneserestaurant.Tomorrowevening,I’mgoingtoajazzbarintheRichmondDistrict.

答案:1.itself2.looking3.to4.historical5.until6.toseek7.wasbuilt8.countries9.where10.selected語法專項指導(dǎo)省略1.Thisdistrictusedtobeapoorareaoftown,but(thisdistrict)isnowacentreforart,music,andfood.2.(Itis)Arealmixofcultureshere!3.Whatgreatfood(itis)!4.(I)Can’twait!觀察上面的例句,你發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么規(guī)律?為了避免重復(fù)或為了使句子更簡練,在一些句子中常常省去某一個或某幾個成分,這種語法現(xiàn)象在英語中叫作省略。在英語句子中,常見的省略情況有以下幾種。一、簡單句中的省略1.省略主語和謂語?！狧ello!IsJackin?——你好!杰克在嗎?—(Thisis)Jackspeaking.——我就是。2.therebe句型中的省略。(Isthere)Anythingwrong?發(fā)生了什么事?3.感嘆句根據(jù)上下文的省略。Whata(good)boy(heis)!多好的男孩呀!4.名詞所有格修飾的名詞若表示店鋪、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時可省略。Igotothesupermarketinsteadofthebutcher’s(shop)tobuymeat.我去超市而不是去肉鋪買肉。5.介詞的省略。常見的有spendtime(in)doingsth、haveahardtime(in)doingsth、wastetime(in)doingsth、stop/prevent...(from)doingsth、taketurns(at)doingsth等。Heseldomspendshissparetime(in)studying.他很少利用空余時間學(xué)習(xí)。寫出下列句子中的省略部分①Dobecareful!()②—Whatisyourfavouritesubject?—English.()③—DoyouknowTom?—No,Idon’tknow.()④Haveadrink?()⑤Whatanunforgettableexperience!()答案:①You②Itis③him④Willyou⑤itwas二、并列句中的省略1.省略共同的主語或賓語。Tompickedupthebookfromthefloorand(Tom)handedittohisbrother.湯姆從地板上撿起書并把它遞給了哥哥。2.若主語與謂語動詞相同,則省略后面分句的主語和謂語。Hisperformancemadeusamused,but(hisperformancemade)himselftired.他的表演讓我們高興,但是使他自己很累。3.若主語不同而謂語的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞相同,則省略后面分句的助動詞或情態(tài)動詞。Tommusthavebeenplayingfootballatthattime,andhissister(musthavebeen)playingthepiano.湯姆那時一定在踢足球,而且他的妹妹一定在彈鋼琴。用省略句完成句子①有些學(xué)生喜歡打籃球,有些則不喜歡。Somestudentslikeplayingbasketball,whilesome.

②我在學(xué)校當(dāng)老師,我的弟弟在銀行工作。Iworkinaschoolasateacherandmybrother.

答案:①don’t②inabank三、動詞不定式中的省略動詞不定式中的省略現(xiàn)象可分為兩種情況:一是動詞不定式符號to后的動詞部分的省略;二是動詞不定式符號to的省略。1.動詞不定式符號to后的動詞部分的省略。(1)答語中的有些動詞(短語)后跟不定式作賓語時,可將其動詞省略,而保留to,這樣的動詞(短語)常見的有want、wish、expect、hope、wouldlike/love、like、love、try、forget、prefer、mean、begoingto、beaboutto、besupposedto等?！猈illyougowithme?——你要和我一起去嗎?—Yes,I’dliketo(gowithyou).——是的,我想。如果作賓語的不定式是be動詞或完成時態(tài),則需在to之后加上be或have?！狝reyouadoctor?——你是醫(yī)生嗎?—No,butIwanttobe(adoctor).——不,但我希望是?！狧ehasn’tfinishedhishomework.——他還沒有完成家庭作業(yè)?！狧eoughttohave(finishedhishomework).——他本應(yīng)該完成的。(2)動詞不定式作賓語補足語時,省略to后的動詞部分,即用to代替整個不定式。You’dbetterfinishthejobontimeifheorderedyouto(finishthejobontime).你最好按時完成工作,如果他是這么要求你的。(3)不定式在形容詞able、anxious、eager、glad、happy、ready、willing等之后作狀語時,省略動詞部分。Youcan’tforcehimtoliveinanothercityifhe’snotreadyto(liveinanothercity).如果他還沒有準備去另一個城市生活,你就不能強迫他。(4)不定式跟在beableto、begoingto、haveto、oughtto、usedto等后,一起作復(fù)合謂語時,省略動詞部分。Hedoesn’tlikefishbutheusedto(likefish).他不喜歡吃魚,但是以前他喜歡。2.動詞不定式符號to的省略。(1)感官動詞feel、see、notice、watch、find、hear、listento、observe等和使役動詞have、make、let等后面作賓語補足語的不定式要省略to(help后的to可帶可不帶)。Isawaboyfalldownfromthetree.我看見一個男孩從樹上掉下來了。這些結(jié)構(gòu)在被動語態(tài)中,動詞不定式符號to保留(let除外)。Weoftenhearhimsingthesongathome.→Heisoftenheardtosingthesongathome.我們經(jīng)常聽到他在家唱這首歌。(2)當(dāng)不定式作表語時,如果主語部分出現(xiàn)動詞do的任何形式,則不定式中的to?？墒÷?。Whathewantstodoisgohome.他想做的就是回家。(3)介詞but前面有動詞do,后面的不定式可省略to。Hecandonothingbutliedownandsleep.他無事可做只好躺下睡覺。(4)兩個或者兩個以上的動詞不定式由連詞and、but、than、or等連接時,從第二個動詞不定式起,往往省略不定式符號to。Hisjobistotakecareoftheelderlyandwashtheirclothes.他的工作是照顧老年人并清洗他們的衣物。如果兩個不定式表示對比關(guān)系,則to都不能省略。Tobefortheplanortobeagainstitdoesn’tmatter.贊成或反對這項計劃都不重要。句子語法填空①Shewasmade(finish)thetaskbyherself.

②Hewasoftenseen(go)tothesupermarkettodosomeshopping.

③Wecoulddonothingbut(work)hardtorealiseourdreams.

答案:①tofinish②togo③work四、復(fù)合句中的省略1.狀語從句的省略。(1)在when、while、whenever、till、assoonas、if、unless、once、aslongas、evenif/though、though、although、asif/though等引導(dǎo)的時間、條件、讓步、比較、方式等狀語從句中,若謂語含有be動詞,且從句的主語與主句的主語相同(或從句主語是it)時,則從句的主語和be動詞常被省略。Hewillnotattendthepartyunless(heis)invited.除非被邀請,否則他不會參加這個宴會。If(itis)convenient,callmeandhaveachatwithme.如果方便,就給我打電話,和我聊一下。(2)虛擬條件句中若含有were、had、should,常省略if,將were、had、should提前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。WereIyou(相當(dāng)于IfIwereyou),Iwouldacceptthechancetoworkinthatcompany.如果我是你,我會接受在那個公司工作的機會。2.賓語從句的省略。(1)由特殊疑問詞which、when、where及why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,若從句中所表達的內(nèi)容與主句內(nèi)容重復(fù),可將其省略,僅保留疑問詞。Hewaslateforworkagain,andnooneknewwhy(hewaslateforworkagain).他又一次上班遲到了,沒有人知道為什么。(2)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作動詞的賓語時,可省略引導(dǎo)詞that;若兩個或兩個以上的that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作動詞的賓語,只能省略第一個引導(dǎo)詞that。Joesaid(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldarriveat5:00p.m.喬說過他要來,他下午5點會到。(3)在與suggest、request、order、advise等詞有關(guān)的名詞性從句中,從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,即“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。Isuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingtonight.我建議我們今晚開個會。(4)在用“I’mafraid...”“Ithink...”“Ibelieve...”“Ihope...”“Iguess...”等作答句時,其后常跟省略形式。so表示贊同前述的事實,not表示不贊同前述的事實?！猈ewillhavetoworkextrahourstofinishthework.——我們將不得不加班來完成這份工作?！狪’mafraidso(相當(dāng)于wewillhavetoworkextrahourstofinishthework).——恐怕是這樣。3.定語從句的省略。(1)在限制性定語從句中,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞whom、which、that可省略。Hehandedthebook(that/which)heboughtyesterdaytome.他把昨天買的那本書遞給了我。(2)way作先行詞,且定語從句中缺少方式狀語時,引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系詞可省略。Wedon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)hetreatshismother.我們不喜歡他對待媽媽的方式。(3)在由“thesame...as...”與suchas引導(dǎo)的某些定語從句中,也可省略與主句相同的部分。Thepriceisthesameas(thepricewas)yesterday.今天的價格與昨天的相同。(4)定語從句中的“關(guān)系代詞+助動詞be”可以省略。Theticket(that/whichwas)bookedbyhissisterhasbeensenttohim.他妹妹預(yù)訂的那張票已經(jīng)寄給他。翻譯句子①有可能的話,周末我會去看望您。

②如果我是你,我會帶一束花或者一瓶酒去參加他的生日聚會。

③老師建議我們大聲地朗讀英語。

答案:①I’llpayavisittoyouattheweekendifpossible.②WereIyou,Iwouldbringabunchofflowersorabottleofwinetoattendhisbirthdayparty.③OurteachersuggeststhatwereadEnglishaloud.1.(2024·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Bringlayersforchangingweatherandaraincoatnecessary.

2.(2023·浙江1月卷)Itseemedthatthebirdwaswaitingforme,itsbeadyeyeslockedonmineasif(try)toconveysomedeep,unspokengratitude.

3.(2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峽谷)while(learn)aboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.

4.(2022·全國甲卷)ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhen(move)objectsinspace...

答案及剖析:1.if考查狀語從句的省略?！癇ringlayersforchangingweatherandaraincoatifnecessary.”意思是“如果有必要,帶上應(yīng)對多變天氣的衣物和一件雨衣”,ifnecessary是一個常用的省略短語,表示“如果有必要”。故填if。2.trying考查狀語從句的省略。asif引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,句子主語itsbeadyeyes與動詞try構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用“連詞+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填trying。3.learning考查狀語從句的省略。while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,從句中省略了主語you和be動詞are。故填learning。4.moving考查狀語從句的省略。主語Goffin’scockatoos與動詞move構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,應(yīng)用“連詞+