UNIT4

INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYconvenience

n.

方便，便利provide

convenience/education/information提供便利/教育/信息·Frozen

fish

is

a

very

healthy

convenience

food.

凍魚是一種非常健康的方便食品。forconvenience為了方便起見atone’sconvenience在某人方便的時候·For

convenience,the

cheese

is

sold

ready-sliced.

為了方便起見，干酪出售時已被切好?！’d

like

to

arrange

a

meeting

at

your

convenience.

我想安排一次會議，時間看您方便。convenientadj.

方便的；便利的ifitisconvenient(to/foryou)

如果(你)方便的話Itisconvenientforsbtodosth某人方便做某事inconveniencen.

不方便；不便inconvenientadj.

不方便的·If

it’s

convenient

I

can

come

tomorrow.

如果方便的話，我明天可以來?！t

is

very

convenient

for

us

to

pay

by

credit

card.

用信用卡付款很方便。effectn.

效應(yīng)；影響Effects/Impacts影響·The

music

was

brilliant

but

the

special

effects

were

disappointing.

音樂很棒，但是特效卻是令人失望的。haveaneffect/effectson對……有影響putsthintoeffect把某物投入使用/實行……come/gointoeffect開始生效；開始實施ineffect事實上，實際上takeeffect生效，起作用beofnoeffect無效·Any

change

in

lifestyle

will

have

an

effect

on

your

health.

任何生活方式的改變都會對你的健康產(chǎn)生影響?！t

is

said

that

the

new

railway

timetable

will

come

into

effect

next

year.

據(jù)說，新的鐵路時刻表將于明年生效。·In

effect,this

means

they

will

have

to

work

longer

hours

for

the

same

pay.

實際上，這意味著他們必須以同樣的工資工作更長的時間。effectiveadj.

有效的；實際的；起作用的effectivelyadv.有效地；實際上·Long

prison

sentences

can

be

a

very

effective

deterrent

for

offenders.

判處長期徒刑可以對罪犯起到強(qiáng)有力的威懾作用。addictedadj.

對……著迷的；沉迷的makes

us

self-focused/live

in

an

unreal

world/addicted

to

it

使我們關(guān)注自我/生活在一個虛幻的世界里/沉迷其中·I

went

through

about

four

years

of

being

addicted

to

video

games.

我沉迷于電子游戲大約有4年之久。be/become/getaddictedto(doing)

sth沉迷于(做)某事·He

was

addicted

to

poetry

and

hoped

one

day

to

be

a

poet

himself.

他沉迷于詩歌，希望有一天成為詩人。addictv.

使沉溺；使上癮n.有癮的人addictoneselfto沉溺于；沉迷于addictionn.

癖好；上癮haveaddictionto對……上癮，有癖好addictiveadj.上癮的；使人入迷的·His

tastes

addict

him

to

the

study

of

antiquities.

他的品位使他對研究古董上癮?！e

addict

ourselves

to

buying

new

things.我們沉迷于買新東西?！

find

jogging

very

addictive.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)慢跑很容易讓人上癮。recommendationn.

建議，提議；推薦Do

you

have

any

recommendation？你有什么推薦嗎？·I

got

the

job

on

the

strength

of

your

recommendation.

由于您的推薦，我得到了那份工作。recommendv.

推薦，介紹；勸告，建議recommendsbas...推薦某人為……recommendsthtosb

向某人推薦某物recommendsbtodosth

建議某人做某事recommenddoingsth

建議做某事recommendthat.../itisrecommendedthat...建議……

(從句中的謂語用should＋動詞原形)

·I

recommend

the

book

to

all

my

students.

我向我所有的學(xué)生都推薦這本書?！e’d

recommend

you

to

book

your

flight

early.

我們建議你早點兒預(yù)訂航班?！e

recommended

reading

the

book

before

seeing

the

movie.

他建議先看這本書，再去看這部電影。·It

is

strongly

recommended

that

the

machines

should

be

checked

every

year.

強(qiáng)烈建議每年檢修一次機(jī)器。explorevt.

探究；探討；探險I

love

exploring

new

technologies,because

they

are

so

convenient.

我喜歡探索新科技，因為它們很便利。·As

soon

as

we

arrived

on

the

island

we

were

eager

to

explore.

我們一來到島上就急不可耐地開始探險。explorationn.

勘探；探究explorern.

探險者；勘探者；考察者·A

big

programme

of

oil

exploration

has

begun

offshore.

一個大規(guī)模的石油勘探計劃已在近海展開?！nd

what

does

it

take

to

be

a

space

explorer？要成為一名宇宙探險者，需要哪些特質(zhì)呢？admit

vi.

&

vt.

承認(rèn)Well,I

admit

it.

嗯，我承認(rèn)?！nly

athletes

who

have

reached

the

agreed

standard

for

their

event

will

be

admitted

as

competitors.

只有達(dá)到該比賽項目規(guī)定水平的運動員才被允許參加比賽?！ana

admitted

that

her

feeling

was

hurt

by

what

I

had

said.

達(dá)娜承認(rèn)我說的話傷了她的感情。admitdoing/havingdone...承認(rèn)做了……admitsbto/into...準(zhǔn)許某人進(jìn)入……beadmittedto/into被接納進(jìn)入；被錄取到(某處)·Tom

admitted

cheating

in

the

exam.

湯姆承認(rèn)在考試中作弊了?！isitors

are

not

admitted

to/into

Anhui

Museum

after

5

p.m.

下午5點以后，游客不得進(jìn)入安徽博物館。·He

has

been

admitted

to/into

the

famous

university.

他已經(jīng)被這所著名的大學(xué)錄取了。·Hospital

admission

is

not

necessary

in

most

cases.

大多數(shù)情況下，病人無須住院?！hat’s

the

admission？門票多少錢？admissionn.

準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入；承認(rèn)；入場費more

than多于，超過；不僅僅；非常；超過……所能Once

I

play

games

for

more

than

an

hour,a

bell

rings

to

remind

me

that

my

time

is

up.

一旦我玩游戲超過一個小時，鈴聲就會響，提醒我時間到了?！he

earns

a

lot

more

than

I

do.

她賺的錢比我多多了。·It

was

also

much

more

than

we

could

afford,but

far

less

than

the

original

asking

price.

(雖然)我們還是負(fù)擔(dān)不起，但是這比最初的價格低多了。1.“morethan＋數(shù)詞”表示“以上”或“不止”之意，相當(dāng)于over。2.“morethan＋名詞”表示“不僅僅，不只是”，強(qiáng)調(diào)后面的名詞。3.“morethan＋形容詞/副詞/動詞”表示“極其，非常，很”，相當(dāng)于very,extremely。4.“morethan＋含can(could)的從句”意思是“使……難以……；不能，遠(yuǎn)非……”，表示超出某人力量、知識等范圍，含否定的意義。·They

were

the

best

teachers,so

lessons

were

expensive,more

than

they

could

really

afford.

他們是最好的老師，所以課程很貴，超出了他們的承受能力?！e

is

more

than

a

basketball

superstar.

He

was

a

celebrity.

他不僅僅是個籃球巨星，他還是個名人。

本句中that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞one,其中what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作order的賓語。what用作代詞，在譯法上非常靈活，它可以指：“……的東西”＝thething(s)/somethingthat...“……的人”＝thepersonthat/who...“……的時間”＝thetimethat...“……的地點”＝theplacethat...等；它在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語，相當(dāng)于定語從句中的“先行詞＋關(guān)系代詞”?！fter

a

long

journey,they

came

to

what

was

called

“Gebi

Desert”.

長途跋涉之后，他們來到了被稱之為“戈壁灘”的地方。variety

n.

多樣化，變化Yet,very

few

people

knew

that

future

avatars

would

have

such

a

wide

variety

of

forms

and

uses.

然而，當(dāng)時很少有人知道未來的虛擬形象會有如此廣泛的形式和用途?！fyoucometovisitChina,youwillexperienceacultureofamazingdepthandvariety.如果你來中國游玩，你將體驗到具有驚人的深度和多樣性的文化。

avarietyof/varietiesof多種多樣的·There

is

a

wide

variety

of

patterns

to

choose

from.

有種類繁多的圖案可供選擇。variousadj.

各種各樣的varyv.

變化；不同varyfrom...to...在……到……之間變動·Conditions

vary

from

school

to

school.

各所學(xué)校的情況不同。selectionn.

供選擇的同類物品；選擇In

most

web

chats,people

choose

an

avatar

from

a

selection

of

ready-made

images,or

create

their

own

images.

在大多數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)聊天中，人們從各種現(xiàn)成的圖像中選擇一個頭像，或者創(chuàng)建他們自己的圖像?！here’s

always

a

wide

selection

of

delicious

meals

to

choose

from.

總有許多美味佳肴可供選擇。selectvt.

挑選select...from...從……中挑選出……select...as...選擇……作為……select...for...因為……挑選……selectsbtodosth

挑選某人做某事·They

selected

the

winner

from

six

finalists.他們從六名決賽選手中選出了獲勝者?！he

was

selected

as

the

parliamentary

candidate

for

Bath.

她被選為巴斯選區(qū)的議員候選人?！ll

our

hotels

have

been

carefully

selected

for

the

excellent

value

they

provide.

我們住的旅館都是精心挑選的，最為合算。·Six

theatre

companies

have

been

selected

to

take

part

in

this

year’s

festival.

已選定六個劇團(tuán)參加今年的戲劇節(jié)。concernn.

擔(dān)憂，憂慮vt.

與……有關(guān)；使擔(dān)心The

use

of

avatars

has

also

caused

a

few

concerns.

虛擬形象的使用也引發(fā)了一些擔(dān)憂?！on’t

interfere

in

what

doesn’t

concern

you.

不要管與自己無關(guān)的事。concernedadj.

擔(dān)心的；感興趣的(作前置定語)；有關(guān)的；參與的(作后置定語)asfaras...beconcerned就……而言beconcernedabout/for對……擔(dān)心/關(guān)心beconcernedwith與……有關(guān)concerningprep.

關(guān)于·The

President

is

deeply

concerned

about

this

issue.

總統(tǒng)對這個問題深感擔(dān)憂?！hey

were

more

concerned

with

how

the

other

women

had

dressed

than

with

what

the

speaker

was

saying.

她們對其他女人的衣著打扮比對演講者的講話更加感興趣?！he

chairman’s

report

is

concerning

the

education

of

children.

主席的報告是關(guān)于兒童教育的。viewvt.

看，把……視為However,other

users

view

avatars

in

a

more

positive

light.

但是，其他用戶則從更為積極的角度看待虛擬形象。·We

can

broaden

our

view

and

gain

knowledge

we

cannot

get

from

books.

我們可以拓寬我們的視野，并且獲得書本里得不到的知識?！hen

the

car

was

first

made,the

design

was

viewed

as

highly

original.

當(dāng)這輛車剛造好時，其設(shè)計被認(rèn)為是獨具匠心的。inviewof鑒于；由于；考慮到inone’sview/opinion在某人看來comeintoview進(jìn)入視野；看得見haveagoodviewof清楚地看到；飽覽view...as...把……看作……·In

view

of

the

weather,the

event

will

now

be

held

indoors.

由于天氣的緣故，這項賽事將在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行。·In

my

view,it

was

a

waste

of

time.

依我看，這是浪費時間?！

green

orchard

will

come

into

view

as

visitors

enter

the

pavilion.

當(dāng)游客進(jìn)入展館，一個綠色果園就會映入眼簾。·People

can

have

a

good

view

of

the

city

from

this

tower.

人們可以從這個塔上飽覽該城市的風(fēng)光。viewern.

觀看者；觀眾·The

programme

attracted

millions

of

viewers.

這個節(jié)目吸引了數(shù)百萬觀眾。詞匯view/sight/scene/scenery含義view常指從遠(yuǎn)處或高處一眼望去所看到的景色，是scene或scenery的一部分。sight既可以指場景、眼前看到的景觀，又可以指名勝、風(fēng)景，只是在表示后者含義時，必須要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。與view或scenery最大的不同就在于，當(dāng)sight指景物時，它多指某地特有的名勝。scene指展現(xiàn)在眼前的場景，包括景物中的人及活動在內(nèi)。scenery指某地總的自然風(fēng)景或景色，尤其指美麗的鄉(xiāng)間景色，是不可數(shù)名詞。·There

were

magnificent

views

of

the

surrounding

countryside.

鄉(xiāng)間四周的景色壯觀秀麗。·We’re

going

to

Paris

for

the

weekend

to

see

the

sights.

我們打算去巴黎過周末，參觀那里的名勝?！he

team’s

victory

produced

scenes

of

joy

all

over

the

country.

球隊的勝利使舉國上下出現(xiàn)一派歡樂的場面?！he

scenery

is

magnificent.

景色壯麗。look

forward

to期望，等待；期待；盼望They

look

forward

to

a

time

when

their

avatar

will

act

like

a

real

person

and

travel

around

bigger,more

exciting

virtual

worlds.

他們期待著有朝一日，自己的虛擬形象會像真人一樣去環(huán)游更廣闊、更精彩的虛擬世界?！e

all

look

forward

to

the

day

when

the

scientists

can

discover

more

secrets

of

the

universe.

我們都期盼著科學(xué)家們能發(fā)現(xiàn)更多宇宙秘密的那一天。lookforwardtosth/doingsth盼望或期待某事/做某事(to為介詞)·I’m

looking

forward

to

hearing

from

you.

我期待著你的來信。lookout向外看；當(dāng)心；小心lookupto仰視；尊敬；崇拜lookdownon/upon俯視；輕視；看不起lookbackon回顧；回憶lookon...as...把……當(dāng)作……lookinto往……里看；調(diào)查；研究lookthrough查看；瀏覽·You’re

a

popular

girl,Grace,and

a

lot

of

the

younger

ones

look

up

to

you.

你是很受大家歡迎的女孩，格蕾絲，很多比你小的女孩都很崇拜你。·I

like

to

look

back

on

my

high

school

days,which

were

among

the

happiest

in

my

life.

我喜歡回顧我的高中時代，那是我一生中最幸福的日子?！

used

to

look

on

him

as

a

friend.

我過去常常把他看作朋友?！nstead,take

your

time

and

look

into

the

new

technology.

相反，你花點時間研究新技術(shù)。·Open

a

magazine

or

a

newspaper,look

through

the

Internet,and

it’s

usually

the

same.

打開一本雜志或一份報紙，瀏覽一下互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，通常它都是一樣的。

一些用戶擔(dān)心他們在虛擬世界中花費太多的時間，以至于開始害怕在現(xiàn)實世界中與人見面。so/such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于……”。如：·She

is

so

kind

a

teacher

that

we

all

like

her.

這位老師如此好，以至于我們都喜歡她。·It

is

such

an

interesting

story

that

the

children

all

love

it.

這是一個如此有趣的故事，以至于孩子們都喜愛它。1.so...that...句型的常見形式：so＋adj./adv.＋that...so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that...so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that...2.such...that...句型的常見形式：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that...such＋adj.＋n.(復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))＋that...3.

當(dāng)so/such放在句首時，主句要用倒裝語序?！e

ran

so

quickly

that

we

all

couldn’t

catch

up

with

him.

他跑得很快，以至于我們都追不上他。·There

are

so

many

files

that

I

don’t

know

where

to

begin.

有太多的文件，我不知道從哪里入手?！e

is

such

a

little

boy

that

he

can’t

lift

the

box.

他是這么小的男孩，以至于提不起那個箱子。·They

are

such

good

students

that

the

teacher

likes

them.他們都是好學(xué)生，老師很喜歡他們?！o

involved

with

their

computers

do

the

children

become

that

leaders

at

summer

computer

camps

often

have

to

force

them

to

break

for

sports

and

games.

孩子們太專注于他們的電腦，以至于電腦夏令營的領(lǐng)隊不得不經(jīng)常強(qiáng)迫他們停下來去做運動和游戲。powerful

adj.

效能高的；強(qiáng)有力的；強(qiáng)壯的to

become

powerful變得效能高·You’re

a

powerful

man—people

will

listen

to

you.

你是個有影響力的人——人們會聽你的。powern.

力量，能量；影響力；權(quán)力vt.

驅(qū)動，提供動力inpower執(zhí)政，掌權(quán)inone’spower在某人能力范圍之內(nèi)beyondone’spower超出某人的能力范圍cometopower上臺執(zhí)政；掌權(quán)powerlessadj.

無權(quán)的；無能為力的powerfullyadv.

強(qiáng)大地；猛烈地·They

are

members

of

a

social

organisation

who

are

in

power.

他們是一個當(dāng)權(quán)的社會組織的成員?！he

decision

is

in

the

hand

of

him；

I

couldn’t

do

the

things

beyond

my

power.

決定權(quán)在他那兒，我不能越權(quán)而為之?！hey

had

come

to

power

ten

years

earlier.

他們十年前就已掌權(quán)。ensurevt.

確保，保證They

also

ensure

that

students

can

all

enjoy

the

same

learning

materials...

他們還確保學(xué)生們能夠使用相同的學(xué)習(xí)材料……·Enough

sleep

will

ensure

your

quicker

recovery.

充足的睡眠能保證你更快康復(fù)?！

fitted

a

new

lock

to

ensure

that

the

bike

would

not

be

stolen.

我安了一把新鎖，以確保自行車不會被偷。ensuresb

sth＝ensuresthtosb

向某人保證某事ensuresbfrom/against...確保某人免受……ensurethat...擔(dān)保/保證/確?！e

need

to

ensure

the

consistency

of

service

to

our

customers.我們需要對客戶確保服務(wù)的連貫性。·No

one

will

ensure

you

from

being

fired

if

you

don’t

work

hard.

如果你不努力工作，誰也無法保證你不會被解雇?！e

tried

to

ensure

that

everyone

got

a

fair

deal.我們曾盡力保證每個人都受到公平待遇。confirmvt.

確認(rèn)；證實Would

you

like

me

to

confirm

my

account

details？你愿意讓我確認(rèn)一下我的賬戶細(xì)節(jié)嗎？·When

asked,she

confirmed

that

she

was

going

to

retire.

被問起時，她證實了自己將要退休(的消息)。confirmsbinsth使某人確信某事confirmthat...確認(rèn)/證實……Itisconfirmedthat...確認(rèn)……·It

has

confirmed

me

in

my

decision

not

to

become

a

nun.這讓我堅信我不當(dāng)修女的決定是正確的?！as

everyone

confirmed

that

they’re

coming？是不是每個人都確認(rèn)過他們會來？·It

has

been

confirmed

that

the

meeting

will

take

place

next

week.

已經(jīng)確定會議將于下個星期召開。delivervi.

&

vt.

遞送；傳送Well,according

to

my

records,Ms

Smith,your

order

was

delivered

last

week.

嗯，根據(jù)我的記錄，史密斯女士，您的訂單已于上周發(fā)出。·The

principal

delivered

an

important

speech

concerning

the

future

of

the

school

at

the

meeting.

校長在這次會議上就學(xué)校的未來發(fā)表了重要演講。deliversthtosb

把某物遞送/傳送給某人deliveraspeech發(fā)表演講deliversb/sth

(up/over)tosb

將某人/某物移交給某人·Leaflets

have

been

delivered

to

every

household.

傳單已發(fā)送到每家每戶。·She

is

due

to

deliver

a

speech

on

genetic

engineering.

根據(jù)安排她要做一個關(guān)于基因工程的演講。·They

delivered

their

prisoners

over

to

the

government.

他們把俘虜交給了政府。deliveryn.

遞送，發(fā)送set

up建立；豎起；安裝；安排No,I’ve

downloaded

it,but

I

can’t

figure

out

how

to

set

up

an

account.

不用了，我已經(jīng)下載了，但我不明白如何開一個賬戶?！or

all

three

years,I

have

been

working

for

others.

I’m

hoping

I’ll

set

up

my

own

business

someday.

三年來我一直為別人工作。我希望有一天可以成立自己的公司。setaboutdoingsth開始/著手做某事setaside留出；把……置于一旁setdown寫下，記下setoff出發(fā)；引發(fā)；觸響(警報)；放(煙火)setout出發(fā)；打算；闡述；擺放；陳列·I’ve

no

idea

how

to

set

about

changing

a

tyre

on

a

car.

我不知道該怎么動手換汽車輪胎?！ome

doctors

advise

setting

aside

some

time

each

day

for

worry.

一些醫(yī)生建議每天留出一點時間來解決煩心事。

related

to

the

questions

聽的時候，要注意與問題有關(guān)的詞語……...

本句包含while引導(dǎo)的省略句。whilelistening是狀語從句的省略，完整形式是whileyouarelistening。狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象：1.

當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致，且謂語是be＋形容詞/介詞短語/分詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。2.

當(dāng)從句的主語是it,謂語動詞是be動詞時，可以把it和be動詞一起省略。3.ifso/ifnot意為“要是這樣的話/要不是這樣的話”。harm

vt.

&

n.

傷害，損害Do

you

think

the

Internet

helps

or

harms

friendships？你認(rèn)為因特網(wǎng)對友誼有益還是會傷害友誼？·For

another,drinking

too

cold

or

too

hot

water

does

nothing

but

harm

to

our

health.

另外，飲用太冷或太熱的水只會對我們的健康造成傷害。do/causeharmto...對……造成傷害dosbharm＝doharmtosb

傷害某人；對某人有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth

做某事無害處·One

should

never

intend

to

do

harm

to

others,but

should

always

guard

against

the

harm

others

might

do

to

him.害人之心不可有，防人之心不可無。·It

wouldn’t

do

you

any

harm

to

smarten

yourself

up.

打扮一下對你沒有任何壞處。·He

may

say

no,but

there’s

no

harm

in

asking.

他可能拒絕，但問一問也無妨。harmfuladj.

有害的，導(dǎo)致?lián)p害的beharmfulto...對……有害·Many

household

products

are

potentially

harmful.

很多家用產(chǎn)品有潛在的害處?！ruit

juice

can

be

harmful

to

children’s

teeth.

果汁可能損壞兒童的牙齒。replacevt.

取代；接替...

images

really

cannot

replace

a

real-life

smile

or

hug.

……圖片確實無法代替現(xiàn)實生活中的微笑或擁抱?！e

will

be

difficult

to

replace

when

he

leaves.

他離開后，他的位置很難有人接替。replacesthwith/bysth

用某物替代某物·It

is

not

a

good

idea

to

miss

meals

and

replace

them

with

snacks.

不吃正餐，改吃點心，這不是一個好主意。

·You

can

use

milk

in

place

of

cream

in

this

recipe.在這個食譜中，可用牛奶代替奶油?！othing

can

ever

take

the

place

of

real

love

and

family

togetherness.什么都不能取代真愛與家庭和睦?！

was

appointed

to

take

his

place.我被任命接替他的職務(wù)。concentratevi.

專注，專心；集中注意力...communicating

through

a

screen

makes

it

more

difficult

for

children

to

concentrate

or

show

kindness

to

others.

……通過屏幕交流使孩子們更難集中注意力或者對他人表現(xiàn)出善意?！rom

then

on,I

began

to

concentrate

on

every

small

thing

in

my

studies.

從那時起，我開始專注于我學(xué)習(xí)中的每一件小事。·Schools

should

concentrate

on

teaching

students

the

academic

subjects

that

will

be

useful

for

their

future

careers.

學(xué)校應(yīng)該專注于教授學(xué)生對他們的未來職業(yè)生涯有用的學(xué)術(shù)科目。concentrateon(doing)

sth

聚精會神于(做)某事concentrateone’sattention/efforts/thoughtson/upon...集中某人的注意力/努力/思想于……·I

must

return

to

the

country

to

concentrate

on

my

studies.我必須回到鄉(xiāng)下專心于學(xué)業(yè)?！

decided

to

concentrate

all

my

efforts

on

finding

somewhere

to

live.

我決定全力以赴找個住的地方。·Tiredness

affects

your

powers

of

concentration.

疲勞影響你注意力的集中。concentrationn.

專心；集中focusvi.

集中(注意力)

n.

焦點In

my

opinion,friends

should

focus

more

on

face-to-face

communication,and

less

on

online

communication.

在我看來，朋友們應(yīng)該多關(guān)注面對面的交流，少進(jìn)行線上交流。·In

a

book

with

lots

of

pictures

and

charts,I

am

likely

to

focus

mainly

on

the

written

text.

在一本有很多圖片和圖表的書里，我可能更關(guān)注文字部分。focuson/uponsb/sth

集中注意力于某人/某物focusone’sattention/eyeson集中注意力于infocus焦距對準(zhǔn)；清晰outoffocus焦距沒對準(zhǔn)；模糊·The

discussion

focused

on

three

main

problems.

討論集中在三個主要問題上。·He

focused

his

blue

eyes

on

her.

他那藍(lán)色的眼睛注視著她。·You

cannot

take

a

good

photograph

unless

the

object

is

in

focus.

只有對準(zhǔn)焦距才可以拍出好照片。·The

children’s

faces

are

badly

out

of

focus

in

the

photograph.

這張照片上孩子們的臉模糊不清。compare

to與……相比...

though

we

know

that

the

number

of

“l(fā)ikes”

or

followers

cannot

compare

to

having

long-term

and

rewarding

friendships.

……盡管我們知道“贊”或追隨者的數(shù)量無法與擁有長期和有益的友誼相比?！ompared

to

the

place

where

I

grew

up,this

town

is

much

more

exciting.

與我長大的地方相比，這個鎮(zhèn)子熱鬧多了。compare...with/to...把……和……比較compare...to...把……比作……comparedto/with...與……比較起來(作狀語)beyondcomparison無與倫比；無可比擬by/incomparisonwith和……相比較·We

carefully

compared

the

first

report

with

the

second.

我們仔細(xì)比較了第一份報告和第二份報告。·The

critics

compared

his

work

to

that

of

Martin

Amis.

評論家把他的作品和馬丁·艾米斯的相提并論?！er

looks

are

beyond

comparison.她的美貌無與倫比。in

addition除此之外In

addition,a

lot

of

the

content

posted

on

social

media

is

shallow

or

trivial.

此外，很多發(fā)布在社交媒體上的內(nèi)容都很膚淺或瑣碎。·In

addition,I

can

see

different

kinds

of

beautiful

birds.

除此之外，我還能看到各種各樣美麗的鳥兒。inadditionto/inadditioninadditionto除了……之外(還)，是介詞短語，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞。inaddition除此之外，另外，此短語在句子中常被放在句前或句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于副詞besides?！here

are

postage

and

packing

fees

in

addition

to

the

repair

charge.

除修理費之外還有郵費和包裝費?！here

is,in

addition,one

further

point

to

make.此外，還有一點要說。

本句中包含“make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中賓語是由it充當(dāng)?shù)男问劫e語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式短語。在“make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語可以由名詞、形容詞、過去分詞、動詞不定式(不帶to)等來充當(dāng)。該結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍有问綍r，不定式的to不能省略，即sb/sthbemadetodosth。·The

news

made

him

very

happy.

這則消息使他非常高興。·People

in

the

West

make

it

a

rule

to

buy

Christmas

presents

for

their

relatives

and

friends.

在西方國家，人們給親屬和朋友購買圣誕節(jié)禮物已成為一個規(guī)定?！hey

didn’t

know

the

native

language,so

they

couldn’t

make

themselves

understood.

他們不懂當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z言，所以他們不能讓當(dāng)?shù)厝死斫庾约旱囊馑?。·Our

English

teacher

often

makes

us

retell

the

texts,which

is

beneficial

to

our

English

study.

我們的英語老師經(jīng)常讓我們復(fù)述課文，這對我們的英語學(xué)習(xí)有益。Itistheseskillsthatenableustodeveloplifelongfriendships.

正是這些技能使我們得以維系終生的友誼。?

本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語“theseskills”。1.

強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型是“Itis/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語、表語或狀語等。2.

一般疑問句：Is/Was＋it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋其他部分？3.

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？4.

強(qiáng)調(diào)“not...until”：Itis/wasnotuntil...that＋其他部分。that后面的句子要用肯定式，且須用陳述語序?！as

it

yesterday

that

you

met

your

teacher

in

the

street？你是昨天在大街上碰到你老師的嗎？·Who

was

it

that

told

you

such

a

thing？究竟是誰告訴你這件事的？·People

say

“Guilin’s

scenery

is

peerless

in

the

world”.

It

was

not

until

I

visited

the

place

that

I

found

it

really

worthy

of

the

reputation.人們都說“桂林山水甲天下”，直到我去了桂林，才發(fā)現(xiàn)它果然名不虛傳。

本句中“nomatterwhere...orwhat...”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。nomatter意為“不管，無論”，與what/who/which/where/when/how等疑問詞連用?！o

matter

who

knocks,don’t

open

the

door.

不管是誰敲門，都不要開。僅可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。·Whoever

did

this

will

be

punished.

無論是誰做的都會被懲罰。nomatter＋what/who/which/where/when/how等，可以分別改為“what/who/which/where/when/how等＋ever”的形式。但是“nomatter＋疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而“wh-ever”不amazing

adj.

了不起的；驚人的In

my

opinion,the

author

did

an

amazing

job

of

creating

a

whole

new

world

through

this

book.

在我看來，作者通過這本書創(chuàng)造了一個全新的世界，這是一項了不起的工作?！id

you

hear

the

amazing

news？你聽說這條令人驚奇的新聞了嗎？amazevt.

使驚奇；使驚愕；使驚詫amazementn.

驚異；驚詫；驚愕toone’samazement令某人驚異的是inamazement驚奇地·What

amazes

me

is

how

long

she

managed

to

hide

it

from

us.

使我驚詫的是，她竟然能把這件事瞞了我們這么久。·To

my

amazement,he

still

remembered

me.

使我驚奇的是他還記得我。·She

looked

at

him

in

amazement.

她驚愕地望著他。amazing/amazedamazing(某物)令人驚奇的，常用來修飾物或事。amazed(人)感到驚奇的，常用來形容人的感受。·He

was

amazed

at

the

amazing

news.

他對這個令人驚奇的消息感到驚奇。accessibleadj.

易懂的；易得到的It

also

makes

the

art

accessible

to

the

world

while

protecting

the

original

artworks

for

the

future.在為未來保護(hù)原始藝術(shù)品的同時，它還使藝術(shù)能向世界開放?！ost

parts

of

China

are

now

accessible

by

rail.

中國的大多數(shù)地方現(xiàn)在是可以通過火車到達(dá)的。beaccessibleto易接近的；易達(dá)到的；易受影響的·These

documents

are

not

accessible

to

the

public.

公眾無法看到這些文件。accessn.

通道；入口gain/get/haveaccessto能夠進(jìn)入/接觸accessiblyadv.

易到達(dá)地；易進(jìn)入地；易接近地·The

only

access

to

the

farmhouse

is

across

the

fields.

去那所農(nóng)舍的唯一通路是穿過田野。·Students

must

have

access

to

good

resources.

學(xué)生必須有機(jī)會獲得好的資源。·The

company

continues

to

walk

a

thin

line

as

it

tries

to

drive

sales

through

accessibly

priced

goods

while

maintaining

its

uptown

image.這家公司繼續(xù)謹(jǐn)慎地保持平衡：努力通過價格合理的商品拉動銷量，同時保持自己的高檔形象。have...

in

common與……有共同之處I

like

Hermione

most,because

we

have

a

lot

in

common.

我最喜歡赫敏，因為我們有很多共同之處?！hough

they

are

twin

sisters,they

have

little

in

common.

盡管她們是雙胞胎姐妹，但她們幾乎沒有共同之處。incommonwith與……一樣·Britain,in

common

with

many

other

industrialised

countries,has

experienced

major

changes

over

the

last

100

years.

與許多其他工業(yè)化國家一樣，英國在過去100年里經(jīng)歷了重大的變化。

that’swhy...為固定表達(dá)，意為“那就是為什么……”，其中why引導(dǎo)表語從句，該句型強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。如：·Perhaps

the

postcode

was

wrong,and

that’s

why

the

letter

never

arrived.

可能郵政編碼錯了，那就是為什么一直未收到信。1.That’sbecause...那是因為……，because也引導(dǎo)表語從句，但該句型強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。2.Thereasonwhy...isthat...……的原因是……

·We

didn’t

lend

him

money.

That’s

because

we

are

not

too

familiar

with

him.

我們沒借給他錢。那是因為我們對他不是太熟悉。過去將來時含義過去將來時常用于描述從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。構(gòu)成構(gòu)成形式1：would＋動詞原形

肯定句：主語＋would＋動詞原形否定句：主語＋wouldnot＋動詞原形

疑問句：Would＋主語＋動詞原形？構(gòu)成形式2：was/weregoingto＋動詞原形

肯定句：主語＋was/weregoingto＋動詞原形否定句：主語＋was/werenotgoingto＋動詞原形疑問句：Was/Were＋主語＋goingto＋動詞原形？用法一、would＋動詞原形1.

常用來表示過去按照計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事情。·He

said

that

he

would

wait

for

us

at

the

bus

stop.

他說他會在公共汽車站等我們。·He

said

he

would

charge

up

my

car

battery.

他說他會給我的汽車電池充電。2.

也可用來表示發(fā)生在過去的某種習(xí)慣性的行為?！henever

we

had

trouble,he

would

help

us.

每當(dāng)我們遇到困難時，他總會幫助我們。·A

few

years

ago,smartphone

users

realised

that

too

much

use

of

smartphones

would

affect

interpersonal

relationship.

幾年前，智能手機(jī)用戶意識到，過度使用智能手機(jī)會影響人際關(guān)系。用法二、was/were＋goingto＋動詞原形1.

可以表示過去按照計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事情。·I

was

going

to

tell

you

everything

yesterday.

我昨天本想把一切都告訴你?！

suddenly

remembered

she

was

going

to

test

us.

我突然想起來她要測試我們。2.

也可以表示根據(jù)當(dāng)時情況所作的判斷(但不一定絕對發(fā)生)。·I

thought

Sally

was

going

to

make

a

beautiful

dinner.

我想薩利應(yīng)該會做一頓豐盛的晚餐。·I

thought

that

Jack

was

going

to

write

a

letter

to

his

mother.

我想杰克會給他媽媽寫封信。其他結(jié)構(gòu)1.was/were＋動詞-ing形式·Nobody

knew

whether

the

guests

were

coming.

沒人知道客人們是否會來。2.was/were