辣木葉在動(dòng)物飼料中的應(yīng)用研究國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)綜述目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u19212辣木葉在動(dòng)物飼料中的應(yīng)用研究國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)綜述 1123721.1辣木葉在反芻動(dòng)物日糧中的應(yīng)用 1287211.2辣木葉在豬日糧中的應(yīng)用 1126571.3辣木葉在家禽日糧中的應(yīng)用 2151981.4辣木葉在動(dòng)物飼料中應(yīng)用的限制因素 2辣木葉營養(yǎng)成分全面，幾乎可滿足動(dòng)物所需的一切營養(yǎng)要求，辣木葉可作為飼料原料直接加工成飼料成品，也可以通過提取辣木葉中多糖、黃酮等功能性活性物質(zhì)，以添加劑的形式應(yīng)用于動(dòng)物飼料ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[16]。1.1辣木葉在反芻動(dòng)物日糧中的應(yīng)用辣木葉主要以鮮葉、干粉以及青貯的形式應(yīng)用于反芻動(dòng)物日糧。K.Qwele等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Qwele</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>57</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>57</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546738">57</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Qwele,K.</author><author>Hugo,A.</author><author>Oyedemi,S.O.</author><author>Moyo,B.</author><author>Masika,P.J.</author><author>Muchenje,V.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Chemicalcomposition,fattyacidcontentandantioxidantpotentialofmeatfromgoatssupplementedwithMoringa{Moringaoleifera)leaves,sunflowercakeandgrasshay</title><secondary-title>MeatScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>MeatScience</full-title></periodical><pages>455-462</pages><volume>93</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]在山羊飼料中添加辣木葉粉，提高了山羊日增重、肌肉中SOD、CAT活性以及還原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量，并能夠清除ABTS自由基（93.51±0.19％）和DPPH自由基（58.95%）。Kholif等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kholif</Author><RecNum>29</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>29</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546230">29</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kholif,A.E.</author><author>Gouda,G.A.</author><author>Morsy,T.A.</author><author>Salem,A.Z.M.</author><author>Lopez,S.</author><author>Kholif,A.M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Moringaoleiferaleafmealasaproteinsourceinlactatinggoat'sdiets:Feedintake,digestibility,ruminalfermentation,milkyieldandcomposition,anditsfattyacidsprofile</title><secondary-title>SmallRuminantResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SmallRuminantResearch</full-title></periodical><pages>129-137</pages><volume>2015</volume><number>129</number><dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]在泌乳山羊日糧中添加0（對(duì)照）、10%、15%、20%的辣木葉，與對(duì)照組相比，15%、20%劑量組增加了羊的采食量、羊奶中不飽和脂肪酸和共軛亞油酸，并降低了飽和脂肪酸的含量；15%劑量組顯著提高山羊的產(chǎn)奶量、提高了山羊?qū)Ω晌镔|(zhì)、有機(jī)物和纖維素的消化率；并且15%劑量組山羊的瘤胃pH、揮發(fā)性脂肪酸和丙酸酯濃度升高，尿素氮和膽固醇濃度降低。Kholif認(rèn)為泌乳山羊最適添加量為15%。Akinyemi等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Fadiyimu</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>39</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>39</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546432">39</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fadiyimu,AkinyemiA</author><author>Alokan,JuliusA</author><author>Fajemisin,AdebowaleN</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Digestibility,NitrogenbalanceandhaematologicalprofileofWestAfricandwarfsheepfeddietarylevelsofMoringaoleiferaassupplementtoPanicummaximum</title><secondary-title>JournalofAmericanScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofAmericanScience</full-title></periodical><pages>634-643</pages><volume>6</volume><number>10</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]在綿羊日糧中添加25%辣木葉，顯著提高了綿羊的平均日增重和干物質(zhì)采食量，并改善了綿羊的血液生理生化指標(biāo)。Nadir等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Sánchez</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>40</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>40</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546444">40</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sánchez,NadirReyes</author><author>Rndly,EvaSp?</author><author>Ledin,Inger</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectoffeedingdifferentlevelsoffoliageofMoringaoleiferatocreoledairycowsonintake,digestibility,milkproductionandcomposition</title><secondary-title>LivestockScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>LivestockScience</full-title></periodical><pages>24-31</pages><volume>101</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[20]在奶牛日糧中分別添加2kg和3kg的辣木葉（以干物質(zhì)為基礎(chǔ)），干物質(zhì)采食量分別由不添加辣木葉時(shí)的8.5kg/d，分別增加到了10.2kg/d、11.0kg/d。牛奶產(chǎn)量從3.1kg/d增加到4.5kg/d、5.1kg/d；同時(shí)提高了營養(yǎng)成分的表觀消化率，并在不影響牛奶成分的前提下增加產(chǎn)奶量。而Mendieta等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Sebola</Author><RecNum>54</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>54</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546697">54</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sebola,N.A.</author><author>Mlambo,V.</author><author>Mokoboki,H.K.</author><author>Muchenje,V.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>GrowthperformanceandcarcasscharacteristicsofthreechickenstrainsinresponsetoincrementallevelsofdietaryMoringaoleiferaleafmeal</title><secondary-title>LivestockScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>LivestockScience</full-title></periodical><pages>202-208</pages><volume>2015</volume><number>178</number><dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[21]用20%辣木葉代替豆粕后，奶牛的蛋白質(zhì)消化率明顯降低。張幸怡等ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[22]用辣木梗葉替代基礎(chǔ)飼糧中一半的苜蓿，結(jié)果表明，與對(duì)照組相比，干物質(zhì)采食量、產(chǎn)奶量、機(jī)體免疫和抗氧化能力顯著增加，同時(shí)奶牛的血液生化指標(biāo)也得到相應(yīng)的改善。1.2辣木葉在豬日糧中的應(yīng)用Mukumb等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mukumbo</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>43</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[23]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>43</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546543">43</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mukumbo,Fe</author><author>Maphosa,V</author><author>Hugo,A</author><author>Nkukwana,Tt</author><author>Mabusela,Tp</author><author>Muchenje,V</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectofMoringaoleiferaleafmealonfinisherpiggrowthperformance,meatquality,shelflifeandfattyacidcompositionofpork</title><secondary-title>SouthAfricanJournalofAnimalScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SouthAfricanJournalofAnimalScience</full-title></periodical><pages>388-400</pages><volume>44</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.4314/sajas.v44i4.9</style></electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[23]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在豬飼糧中添加不超過5%的辣木葉對(duì)肥育豬的胴體重、飼糧轉(zhuǎn)化率以及肌肉品質(zhì)無不良影響，并且能延長豬肉的保質(zhì)期；張婷婷等ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[24]在肥育豬日糧中添加0（對(duì)照）、3%、6%、9%的辣木葉，結(jié)果顯示，辣木葉的最適添加量為6%，6%添加組豬的終末體重和平均日增重顯著提高、胴體直長增加、背膘厚度顯著降低，且顯著提高肌肉、血清抗氧化能力。Gomes等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gomes</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>132</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>132</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1614737228">132</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>GSGomes</author><author>GNyoman</author><author>GBidura</author><author>CDArajo</author><author>MCode</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectofMoringaoleiferaleaffloursupplementationindietsonthecharacteristicsofthelocalpigcarcassinEastTimor</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofFaunaandBiologicalStudies</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJournalofFaunaandBiologicalStudies</full-title></periodical><pages>37-42</pages><volume>7</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2020</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[25]在東帝汶本地豬日糧中分別添加0%、3%、6%、9%的辣木葉，結(jié)果表明，在基礎(chǔ)飼糧中添加6%辣木葉，可增加?xùn)|帝汶本地豬的胴體重、屠宰重和胴體百分率。也有研究表示出了相反的結(jié)果，如當(dāng)辣木葉添加量增加到7.5%時(shí)顯著降低肥育豬的采食量和飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率[21]。Gomes等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gomes</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>132</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>132</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1614737228">132</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>GSGomes</author><author>GNyoman</author><author>GBidura</author><author>CDArajo</author><author>MCode</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectofMoringaoleiferaleaffloursupplementationindietsonthecharacteristicsofthelocalpigcarcassinEastTimor</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofFaunaandBiologicalStudies</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJournalofFaunaandBiologicalStudies</full-title></periodical><pages>37-42</pages><volume>7</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2020</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[25]研究結(jié)果顯示添加6%辣木葉粉，豬的胴體比率為71.66±1.54%，低于Silalahi和Singa等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Sinaga</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>133</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[26]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>133</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1614739684">133</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sinaga,MarsudinSilalahiDanS.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PengaruhPemberianTepungKulitBuahPepaya(Caricapapaya)dalamRansumBabiPeriodeFinisherterhadapPersentaseKarkasTebalLemakPunggungdanLuasUratDagingMataRusuk</title><secondary-title>Jitv</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Jitv</full-title></periodical><pages>680-685</pages><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[26]的77.17%以及Aritoang等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Aritonang</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>134</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[27]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>134</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1614739782">134</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Aritonang,S.N.</author><author>Pinem,J.</author><author>Tarigan,S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PendugaanBobotKarkas,PersentaseKarkasdanTebalLemakPunggungBabiDurocJantanBerdasarkanUmurTernak</title><secondary-title>JurnalPeternakanIndonesia</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JurnalPeternakanIndonesia</full-title></periodical><pages>120-123</pages><volume>13</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[27]的77.15%。Ruckli等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ruckli</Author><RecNum>42</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[28]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>42</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546522">42</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ARuckli</author><author>GBee</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Moringaoleiferaasanalternativeproteinsourcetosoybeanmealinpigproduction</title><secondary-title>JournalofAnimalScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofAnimalScience</full-title></periodical><pages>60</pages><volume>2016</volume><number>94</number><dates></dates><isbn>0021-8812</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.2527/msasas2016-128</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[28]用15.56%辣木葉替代豆粕，顯著降低肥育豬平均日增重、日采食量和胴體重。1.3辣木葉在家禽日糧中的應(yīng)用在家禽的飼糧中辣木葉主要以飼料原料、飼料添加劑ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[29,30]等形式出現(xiàn)。有研究表明，日糧中添加辣木葉粉能提高肉雞的采食量、平均日增重和屠宰性能ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[21,31,32]，添加量不超過5%可改變肌肉脂肪酸分布并延長保質(zhì)期ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Nkukwana</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>53</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[33]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>53</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546689">53</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nkukwana,T.T.</author><author>Muchenje,V.</author><author>Masika,P.J.</author><author>Hoffman,L.C.</author><author>Dzama,K.</author><author>Descalzo,A.M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>FattyacidcompositionandoxidativestabilityofbreastmeatfrombroilerchickenssupplementedwithMoringaoleiferaleafmealoveraperiodofrefrigeration</title><secondary-title>FoodChemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FoodChemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>255-261</pages><volume>142</volume><number>jan.1</number><dates><year>2014</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[33]。Melesse等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Melesse</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>48</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[34]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>48</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546604">48</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Melesse,Aberra</author><author>Getye,Yoseph</author><author>Berihun,Kefyalew</author><author>Banerjee,Sandip</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectoffeedinggradedlevelsofMoringastenopetalaleafmealongrowthperformance,carcasstraitsandsomeserumbiochemicalparametersofKoekoekchickens</title><secondary-title>LivestockScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>LivestockScience</full-title></periodical><pages>498-505</pages><volume>157</volume><number>2-3</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[34]，添加110g/kg辣木葉在肉雞飼糧中能提高生長性能。Obakanurhe等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Oghenebrorhie</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>49</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[35]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>49</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546616">49</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ObakanurheOghenebrorhie</author><author>OkparaOghenesuvwe</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofAnimalScience,FacultyofAgriculture,DeltaStateUniversity;</auth-address><titles><title>PerformanceandHaematologicalCharacteristicsofBroilerFinisherFedMoringaoleiferaLeafMealDiets</title><secondary-title>JournalofNortheastAgriculturalUniversity(EnglishEdition)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofNortheastAgriculturalUniversity(EnglishEdition)</full-title></periodical><pages>28-34</pages><volume>23</volume><number>01</number><keywords><keyword>Moringaoleiferaleafmeal</keyword><keyword>Cobbchick</keyword><keyword>nutrientintake</keyword><keyword>performance</keyword><keyword>conventionalproteinandhaematology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>1006-8104</isbn><call-num>23-1392/S</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[35]用10%辣木葉粉替代8.6%粗蛋白，對(duì)肉雞的生長性能和血液生理指標(biāo)無不利影響。Dahouda等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Dahouda</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>45</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[36]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>45</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546566">45</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Dahouda,M.</author><author>Mankor,A.</author><author>Hane,M.B.</author><author>Chrysostome,C.A.A.M.</author><author>Bello,H.</author><author>Dieng,A.</author><author>Ayssiwede,S.B.</author><author>Houinato,M.R.</author><author>Hornick,J.L.</author><author>Missohou,A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectsofMoringaoleifera(Lam.)LeavesMealIncorporationinDietsonGrowthPerformances,CarcassCharacteristicsandEconomicsResultsofGrowingIndigenousSenegalChickens</title><secondary-title>PakistanJournalofNutrition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PakistanJournalofNutrition</full-title></periodical><pages>1132-1145</pages><volume>10</volume><number>12</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.3923/pjn.2011.1132.1145</style></electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[36]分別用0（對(duì)照）、8%、16%、24%的辣木葉粉代替塞內(nèi)加爾土雞日糧中的花生餅粉，結(jié)果表明，辣木葉能提高土雞的平均日增重。8%劑量組提高了飼料攝入量，而16%、24%劑量組的飼料攝入量卻均低于對(duì)照組。也有研究表明辣木葉會(huì)對(duì)雞的生長產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，如辣木葉超過5%會(huì)降低采食量ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Tesfaye</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>50</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[37]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>50</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546634">50</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tesfaye,Etalem</author><author>Animut,Getachew</author><author>Urge,Mengistu</author><author>Dessie,Tadelle</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MoringaoliferaLeafMealasanAlternativeProteinFeedIngredientinBroilerRation</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</full-title></periodical><pages>289-297</pages><volume>12</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.3923/ijps.2013.289.297</style></electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[37]；高于8%會(huì)導(dǎo)致飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率降低[31]；15%的辣木葉會(huì)降低蛋雞的產(chǎn)蛋率ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Khaled</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>13</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[38]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="zp9f2zetj9papleafx6xasf7wr22s9pdzxaw"timestamp="1606897690">13</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>AbollezKhaled</author><author>FrancoSarmiento</author><author>SolorioFrancisco</author><author>Santos-RicaldeRonald</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>NutritionaleffectsofdietaryinclusionofLeucaenaleucocephalaandMoringaoleiferaleafmealonRhodeIslandRedhens'performance</title><secondary-title>CubanJournalofAgriculturalence</secondary-title></titles><pages>163-169</pages><volume>45</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[38]。Gakuya等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>D.W.Gakuya</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>51</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[39]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>51</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546656">51</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>D.W.Gakuya</author><author>P.N.Mbugua</author><author>S.M.Mwaniki</author><author>S.G.Kiama</author><author>A.Njuguna</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectofsupplementationofMoringaoleifera(LAM)leafmealinlayerchickenfeed</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</full-title></periodical><pages>379-384</pages><volume>13</volume><number>7</number><dates><year>2014</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.3923/ijps.2014.208.213</style></electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[39]在蛋雞日糧中分別添加0、7.5%、15%、30%的辣木葉粉，研究表明，與對(duì)照組比，7.5%、15%、30%劑量組均會(huì)降低蛋雞的體重、采食量和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化率。王志剛等ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[40]在鵪鶉日糧中添加0%~8%的辣木葉，結(jié)果顯示，2%、4%添加組可顯著提高生產(chǎn)性能，4%、8%添加組顯著增強(qiáng)特異性和非特異性免疫功能并提高機(jī)體抗氧化能力。但當(dāng)辣木葉達(dá)8%時(shí)，顯著降低鵪鶉的生長性能，建議鵪鶉飼料中辣木葉的添加量4%較為適宜。1.4辣木葉在動(dòng)物飼料中應(yīng)用的限制因素辣木葉因品種、天氣、生存環(huán)境、處理方式的不同，其營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量和品質(zhì)存在明顯差異（表1-1）。將辣木葉應(yīng)用于動(dòng)物飼料時(shí)，因飼喂動(dòng)物不同、辣木葉產(chǎn)地和品種差異、辣木葉添加形式以及替代飼料原料種類的不同，辣木葉的使用量有所差異，由1.1、1.2、1.3可知，羊飼糧中，辣木葉使用量為15%~25%；奶牛飼糧中，辣木葉使用量為20%~50%；在育肥豬飼糧中，辣木葉使用量存在差異，有研究認(rèn)為低于5%的辣木葉對(duì)育肥豬無不良影響ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mukumbo</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>43</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[23]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>43</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546543">43</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mukumbo,Fe</author><author>Maphosa,V</author><author>Hugo,A</author><author>Nkukwana,Tt</author><author>Mabusela,Tp</author><author>Muchenje,V</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectofMoringaoleiferaleafmealonfinisherpiggrowthperformance,meatquality,shelflifeandfattyacidcompositionofpork</title><secondary-title>SouthAfricanJournalofAnimalScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SouthAfricanJournalofAnimalScience</full-title></periodical><pages>388-400</pages><volume>44</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.4314/sajas.v44i4.9</style></electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[23]，也有研究表明，6%辣木葉粉能提高育肥豬生長發(fā)育ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[24,25]，在家禽飼糧中，對(duì)辣木葉粉的添加量存在較大差異，如有研究結(jié)果顯示，家禽飼糧中添加辣木葉粉不超過10%能提高生產(chǎn)性能、屠宰性能、改善蛋品質(zhì)等積極影響ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[35,41]，相反的研究則認(rèn)為辣木葉粉添加量不能高于5%ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Tesfaye</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>50</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[37]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>50</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546634">50</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tesfaye,Etalem</author><author>Animut,Getachew</author><author>Urge,Mengistu</author><author>Dessie,Tadelle</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MoringaoliferaLeafMealasanAlternativeProteinFeedIngredientinBroilerRation</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</full-title></periodical><pages>289-297</pages><volume>12</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.3923/ijps.2013.289.297</style></electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[37]、8%ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>David</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>52</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[32]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>52</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546677">52</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>David,LS</author><author>Vidanarachchi,JK</author><author>Samarasinghe,K.</author><author>Cyril,HW</author><author>Dematawewa,CMB</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectsofMoringabasedFeedAdditivesontheGrowthPerformanceandCarcassQualityofBroilerChicken</title><secondary-title>TropicalAgriculturalResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>TropicalAgriculturalResearch</full-title></periodical><pages>12-20</pages><volume>24</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[32]，否則會(huì)對(duì)家禽造成負(fù)面影響。但無論是從反芻動(dòng)物還是非反芻動(dòng)物來說，對(duì)辣木葉的添加量都是有所限制的，即添加量比例過高，會(huì)對(duì)被飼喂動(dòng)物造成負(fù)面影響（降低動(dòng)物采食量、體重減輕嚴(yán)重時(shí)甚至引起動(dòng)物死亡ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gadzirayi</Author><RecNum>56</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[42,43]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>56</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546729">56</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gadzirayi,C.T</author><author>Masamha,B</author><author>Mupangwa,J.F</author><author>Washaya,S</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PerformanceofBroilerChickensFedonMatureMoringaoleiferaLeafMealasaProteinSupplementtoSoyabeanMeal</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJourn