PAGE10NUMPAGES10浦東新區(qū)2025學(xué)年度??（考試時間：105分鐘滿分：115分GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.PenDidyouknowthatLewisCarroll,bestknownasthewriterofAlice’sAdventuresinWonderland,wasreallynamedCharlesLutwidgeDodgson?Thisisjustoneofthefascinatingfacts(1) (find)inPenNames,anewbookbyAdrianScott.Exploringtheworldofliterarypseudonyms筆名)fromthe19thcenturytothepresentday,PenNamesseeksunderstandandhighlightsomeofhistory’smostinterestingpennamesanduncovermotivationsbehind (consist)ofjustunder140pages,thebookisamanageableworkandbeginswithadetailedintroductionoftheliterarypseudonym’shistory.Scottoutlinesfromthestartofhisbookthatthedecisiontousepennamesusually(3) (fall)intooneoftwocategories:tofitinorstandout.(4) toprotectanauthor’sidentityortoincreasetheirappealtoreaders,literarypseudonymsbecamecommonplacefromthe1800sonwards.PenNamestakesusthroughthereasoningofindividualwritersastheydevelopedandusedapennametoauthortheirwork.Someoftheseliteraryfiguresaresurprisinglywell-knownundertheirownnamesbutchose(5) someworkunderasecondname.CharlesDickens,forexample,wroteunderthenameBoz.Amorerecentexampleincludedisthepublishingofnovelswhich(6) (credit)tothepennameRobertGalbraithbutwereactuallywrittenbyHarryPotterauthorJKRowling. allthecasestudiesinPenNames,themostinterestingonesarethoseofauthorswhocreatedpublicimagesfortheirpseudonymoreven,insomeinstances,welcomedthemasanentirelynewidentity.AparticularlyremarkableexampleisScottishwriterWilliamSharp,(8) cametoseehispennameFionaMacleodasa“demonstrationofadifferent,femalesideofhisnature.”Ultimately,(9) thisbookquestionsiswhetherit’simportanttoknowandunderstandtheidentitiesofauthorsbehindtheirpennames.AccordingtoScott’swork,althoughit’simportantinsomecases,it’safascinatingexercisetouncoverthelivesandmotivationsoftheseauthors,especiallyof(10) wethinkweknowsowell.Aclearandwell-researchedbook,PenNamesisanengagingandinformativeworkthatexploresaninterestingliterarySectionA.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.Directions:CompletethefollowingpassagebyA.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.ThesixhumanAttheheartoffoodpsychologyliesapowerfulquestion:Whydoweeatwhatweeat?Thisquestionhasledtoadiscovery11myentireconceptualframeworkofhealthandeating:thesixhumanhungers.Inobservingbehaviorsandcommonstrugglesaroundfood,Inoticedmosteatingdecisionsweren’tpurelybasedonphysicalhunger.Instead,theyoftenarosefromacomplexcombinationofpsychological,biologicalandemotional12thatdidn’talwaysreflectthebody’sactualneeds.Thisrealizationrevealedacriticalinsight:Whatweoftenthinkofas“hunger”canactuallybe13byanyofsixdistinctmotivations:fromnutritionalneedstoemotionalneeds,whichhasthepowertoinfluencewhen,whatandhowmuchweeat.Understandingwhichofthesehungersisatplayallowsyoutoreclaimcontroloveryoureatingchoicessoyoucanmakeintentionaland14decisionsratherthansimplyrespondingtoimpulses(沖動).Thesehungersdetermineoureatingpatterns,andtheirinfluenceonlyintensifieswhenseveralofthemtriggeredatonce.Whenthreeormorehappenatthesametime,theextremehungerisnearlyimpossibletoresistbecauseitengagesanancient15instinct:ashungergrows,sodoesoururgencyandadaptabilityinchoosingfoods.Prolongedhungermighthavedrivenourancestorstohuntmoredangerousgameortoexperimentwith16plants—astrategythat,whilerisky,wassometimessaferthanfacingstarvation.Thisinstincttoeatwhatwasavailablemayhavesavedlivesintimesoffoodshortage,butintoday’sworldofsufficient,17accessiblefood,itoftenworksagainstus.Thisisakeyreasonwhysomanydietsfail.Althoughthey’reoftenpoorlynourished滋養(yǎng)),peopleattemptadoptrestrictivediets.Beforelong,intensifiedhunger18self-discipline,pushingthemtomakepoorfoodchoices.Feelingsofguiltorshamemayfollow,ironically(諷刺地)19evenmoreconsumptionandcreatingacycleofovereatingandself-blame.Generallyspeaking,eachofthesixhungerscanaffectusindependently,butwhenmultipletypesofhungerareactive,their20forcecanovercomeeventhestrongestNext,we’lllookatthesixhumanhungersaswellashowtorespondtoeacheffectively,anewapproachtonavigatingyourrelationshipwithfood.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.HaveyoueverfeltnervousorashamedtotaketimeoffworktocareforyourmentalhealthEmilyCarter,awriterbasedinNewYork,recentlyposedasimilarquestiononline,inspiredbyMiraKelton,whounexpectedly21fromOlympiceventstoprotectherpsychologicalwell-being.“Itwas22tomanypeople,”Carternotedinaninterview,“becausetheprevailing(盛行的)mentalityistobestrongandpushthroughthepain.”Theresponsesrevealedatroublingpattern:dueto23andprofessionalconcerns,numerousemployeesfeelpressuredtohidetheirneedformentalhealthleave.This24hesitationpointstoasignificantgapinworkplacesupportsystemsthaturgentlyneedstobeWhiletheterm“sadday”—oftenusedtorefertoamentalhealthday—lacksanofficialdefinition,itgenerallymeanspaidleavetakenfromsickdays.Itallowsemployeeswhoaren’tfeelinglikethemselvesto25,engageinmeaningfulactivities,orsimplytakeabreakfromdailystressors.Toputitmildly,a“sadday”offersonlyatemporary26andisnotafixfordeeperissues.27,sometimesashortbreakcanmakeasubstantialRecognizingtheneedforsuchtimeoffisnotalwaysstraightforward.AccordingtoElenaStribling,presidentoftheadvocacygroupMentalHealthAmerica,thesignscanbe28.Thesemayincludeshiftsinmood,slightdropsinproductivityordifficultyconcentrating.Nevertheless,ifleftunaddressed,theseearly29canevolveintoseverehealthissues.Onceyou’vedecidedtotakeamentalhealthday,thenextquestionishowto30yourdecision.Yourrelationshipwithyourmanagerwilllargelydeterminehowopenyoucanbeaboutyourreasons.Striblingwarnedthatanxietyorguiltcansometimesleadto31.Inmostcases,expertsadvisesimplystatingthatyouneedtotakeasickdaywithoutgoingintodetail.“Noteverybodyvaluesmentalhealth,”addedAndrewParker,aclinicalpsychologistatRiversideMedicalCenterinBelmont,Mass.“Unlessyou’reclosewithyoursupervisor,itisa(n)32topresentyourspecificneeds.”Finally,howyouuse“saddays”matters.Reflectonwhathasledyoutothispoint:Doyourpersonalrelationshipsneedattention?Areyouexhaustedfromyourworkloadandinneedof33?Itmaybeamixofseveralfactors.Whateveryoudo,don’tspendtheday34workmessagesorfeelingguilty.AsStriblingemphasized,“Self-careisnotaselfishact.Peoplewhoareselflesstothepointof35endupburningout.” A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.stepB.takeC.passD.break A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.over-B.over-C.over-D.over- A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.B.C.D. A.self-B.self-C.self-D.self-SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.Backin2008,whenIwasworkingasaprofessionalastronomer,IwasgrantedtwonightsonabigtelescopeonMaunaKea,Hawaii.Irememberarrivingatthepeakofthevolcanoatdusk,veryexcitedaboutthisincredibleopportunity.Iwentintothebrightlylittelescopecontrolroom,pluggedinmylaptopandstartedpreparingforthenightoftakingdata.Whenitwasdawn,Iemergedintothesunrise,sleepy-eyedandreadyfordinner...orwasitbreakfast?ItwasonlyyearslaterthatIrealizedI’dbeentothepeakofMaunaKeaandIhadn’tlookedupatthenightskywithmyeyesevenonce.Inowseethisdisappointingsituationwasrepresentativeofadeeperstateofmentaldifficultythathadaffectedmelikealong,slowsunset.Overmyyearsofimmersion沉浸)intheacademicenvironment,I’dbecomelostintheworldofdisconnectedfromanemotional,directexperience,andfromthewonderandpassionthathaddrawnmeintoastronomyinthefirstplace.I’vecometounderstandthatthissituationisn’tuniquetome.Thesearetypicalsymptomsofthemodernworld.Somanyofusliveincreasinglydisconnectedfromnature—inthedayandnighttime—oftenlostintheworldofideas,plansoranxieties,withourattentionrarelyinthehereandnow.Astrophysicswaswhatledmeintotheworldofideasandfacts,butitwasultimatelystargazinginamindfulwaythatshowedmethewaybacktoamorebalancedstateofmentalwellbeingandthewonderofmysubjective,veryhumanWhenwelookwithwide-eyedcuriosity,ratherthanbeingpreoccupiedwithfactsandexpectations,itencouragesastateofwonder,whichleadstoawe.Studieshaveshownfeelingaweonaregularbasisisdeeplybeneficialtoourmentalhealth,becauseithelpsusfeelconnectedtosomethingbiggerthanoureverydayviewofourselves.Suddenly,ourworriesaren’tquitesoall-importantandwestarttoseeourselvesfromadifferentperspective.It’ssoeasytothinkthatwe’relookingupatthestars.Butthetruthiswe’reinthem—madeofthem,inseparablefromthem.Youhavegrownoutof,andarelivingaspartof,thisUniverse.True,lookingatitonewayyou’reatiny,seeminglyinsignificantpieceofdustonaremoteplanetinanunremarkablesolarsystem.Butfromanotherperspective,you’reanintegralpartoftheUniverseexperiencingitselfthroughyouowneyes,earsandthoughts.Forme,thisviewhasfacilitatedacompletetransformationofmymentalhealthandwholelife.Theauthorfeltasense themomenthearrivedatMaunaA. B. C. D.Thecommonproblemofthemodernworldiscausedby man’sseparationfromnatureandthethewonderaboutandpassionforourourfailuretoobservetheskywithnakedyearsofabsorptioninendlessacademicHowcanwecarryout“mindfulByholdingfasttosciencefactsandByobservingstarsthroughanadvancedByintegratingexpectationsandviewsofBysensingthestarrynightinanopen-mindedWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleoftheStargazingfromduskto B.SeeinginanewC.Mysterious-looking D.Awe-inspiringHillsideAnimalShelterwasfoundedin1995tohelpandcampaignforanimalsinneed,particularlythosesufferingeverydayintheintensivefactoryfarmingindustry.Wearehometo2500rescuedhorses,poniesanddonkeys,750cows,300pigs,850sheepandgoats,andlotsofotheranimalsincludingdogsanddear,andweneedyourhelp.YoucanscantheQRcodeontheposterto bookavisittotouraroundtheknowabouttheshelter’sopeningordertheshelter’sNewYearcardsofferfinancialsupportthroughacreditDavidhassaved￡15tobuyagiftforfriendsandcontributetoanimalfeed.WhichplanbestmeetshisOne“Hillside2026Calendar”andone“LargeRoundHayOnepackof“20‘WinterMagic’FestiveCards”andone“StandardHayThree“StandardHayBales”andrequestsome“HillsideLeafletstoOne“Hillside2026Calendar”andonepackof“20‘WinterWilds’NewYearCards”Thisleafletisintendedto promoteanewlineoffestivehirevolunteerstofeedfarmraisefundstocareforrescuedencouragedonationsforhorsesinItalladdsWhetherit’senemytanksinbattle,animalsinthewildorcutlery(餐具)inabusycanteen,itisdifficulttocountobjectsthataremovingaround.Luckily,thereisatechniquethatcanestimatehowmanythereareofsomethingwithoutrequiringyoutocounteverysingleone.Thecapture-recapturemethodinvolvesgettingasample—waitingforsomeanimalstowanderby,forinstance,thencollectingsome—markingtheindividualsdistinctively,thenreleasingthembackintothepopulation.Aftersometimehaspassed,yourepeattheprocesstopickanothergroupofanimalsandcounthowmanyofthemarealreadyIfyoucaptured,say,50animalsinitiallyandmarkedthemall,thenonyourrecapturestepyoufoundhalftheanimalsyousawweremarked,thistellsyousomethingaboutthewholepopulation.Sincehalfthesampleismarked,thisimpliesthathalfofthewholepopulationismarked—sotheremustbeabout100individuals.Thiscangiveareasonablyaccurateestimateofapopulation,withouthavingtofindandcounteverysinglememberofit.Duringthesecondworldwar,somestatisticianswantedtodeterminehowmanytankstheGermanarmywasproducing.Capturedtankscouldn’tbere-released,but,astankcomponentsaremarkedwithserialnumbers,anotherapproachallowedthemtomakeanestimate.Theyloggedtheserialnumbersofallcapturedtanks,workingontheassumptionthattheywerenumberedinafixedorderandrandomlydistributed.IfthelargestserialnumberinyourdataisLandthenumberofcapturedtanksisn,oneestimateforthetotalnumberoftanksisgivenbyL+L/n.ThisisknownastheGermantankprobleminstatistics.Oneofmyfavouritepopulationestimationstorieswastoldtomebyateacherfriend,whotaskedherstudentswithestimatingthenumberofforksintheschoolcanteen—impossibletocountas,atanygiventime,anumberwillbeinuseandotherswillbeinthewash.Herclass“captured”asetofforksandmarkedeachonewithadropofnailpolish,thenreleasedthembackintothepopulation.Aweeklater,theyrecapturedanothersamplepopulationandusedittomakeanestimateofthetotalnumberofforks.Researchersperformedasimilarexperiment20yearsagotoshamepeopleintoreturninglabproperty.Aworryingnumberofteaspoonsweregoingmissingintheirlab,sotheymarkedasetofspoonsbeforereleasingthem,studyingtheirmovementsandpublishingtheresults.Itturnsoutscienceiseffectivethankstothepublicationofthepaper.Whichofthefollowinggraphbestillustratesthecapture-recapturemethod? InordertoestimatetheproductionofGermantanks,statisticiansneedtoknowthe fixedorderinwhichGermantanksweresmallestandlargestserialnumbersofcapturedaverageoftheserialnumbersofallthetanksinatotalofthecapturedtanksandtheirlargestserialWhatcanyouinferaboutthefinalresultoftheteaspoonThemissingteaspoonswereequaltothereleasedScientistsproposedaneffectivetechniquetocountMissingteaspoonsweresheepishlyreturnedbyspoonResearcherworkedoutthetotalofthemissingforksintheWhatisthepassagemainlyMysteriessolvedbycapturingTheoriginofamathematicalAtrickhelpingyoucountmovingDistinctoccasionsaddingtodifficultyinSectionInancienttimes,youhuggedcucumberstostaycool,whichwasacommonThereasoningbehinditisrootedInancienttimes,youhuggedcucumberstostaycool,whichwasacommonThereasoningbehinditisrootedinthemelon’sphysicalTheirmildnessbalancesrichingredients—wintermelonandporksoupisaclassicTherefore,IhadtolookintotheagriculturalpracticefurtherthroughaquickonlineUnlikeairconditioners,awintermelonprovidesamildcoolnessthat’slesslikelytocausediscomfortforWehugwintermelonstostaycoolonhotsummerKeepingcoolasawinterAfteraheavysummerafternoonofpickingvegetablesinthegarden,mydaughterandIwerehangingoutonthecouch.Shehadpickedaparticularlylargecucumberandwasreallyproudofit,tellingmehowcolditfelt.Ofcourse,thephrase“coolasacucumber”cameup.Thenmycousinsaidsomethingveryinteresting:“Oh,thatmustbeanAmericanthing.InChina,wedon’tuse “Wait,Iwasobviouslyconfusedastowhymelonswouldbehugged.Butthenmycousinexplainedthatlongbeforemoderncoolingdeviceslikeairconditionersorelectricfans,huggingwintermelon,avegetablenativetoChina,wasapracticalwaytobeatthesummerheatwhilesleeping. Wintermelons,withtheirmassivesizeandthickskin,retain(保持)acooltemperatureeveninhotweather.Oftenstoredincoolplaces,theyabsorbandretainupto96percentwater,whichmeanstheyresistheatingupquickly,stayingrefreshinglycooltothetouchevenonthehottestdays.Backthen,forordinarypeople,awintermeloncoulddoubleasanaturalcoolingpadtowhichthebodytransferredexcessheatto,providingrelieffromsticky,uncomfortablenights.Thispracticeenduresbecausemanybelieveit’sagentler,morenaturalalternativetomoderncooling Andcomparedtofans,whichblowairdirectlyontothebody,themelon’scoolnessispassiveandAndyes,wintermelonsareusedformorethanjusthugs.InChinesecuisine,they’reoftenusedindishesastheyabsorbtheflavoursofsoupsandseasonings,makingthemacommonadditiontosoups. Also,intraditionalChinesemedicine,they’revaluedfortheircoolingproperties,whicharethoughttohelpbalancethebody’sinternalheat.Tofindafull-sized,wholewintermelontohug,headtoafarmers’market.There,you’llsurelyfindonethatholdsenoughcoolnesstomakethisancienttrickfeeljustaseffectivetodayasitwascenturiesago.SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.SocialmediaLikeothermillennials,Ms.Yu,agraphicdesigner,wentthroughherbumpyteenyearsamidtheriseoffirst-wavesocialmediasuchasFriendsterandMyspace.“Socialmediawasveryinterestingandfreshtome,asitwasaconvenientwaytoconnectwithothers,”sherecalls.Aboutthreeyearsago,however,shestartedfeelinglessrosyaboutsocialmedia.“Iwasspendingsomuchtimetakingphotostopostonline,hopingtogetpositivecomments.IwouldbeembarrassedifIreceivedfew‘likes’formyposts.Iwouldaskmyself,‘Whydidmorepeoplelikesomeoneelse’spostsbutnotmine?Aremypostsnotgoodenough?AmInotgoodenough?’”Ms.Yuwaseventuallyabletoovercomeherself-doubtbycuttingbackontimespentonsocialmedia,andusingitonlyincaseswhereitwouldpotentiallyboostratherthanweakenherconfidence.Herexperiencehighlightsthedouble-edgednatureofsocialmedia.ClinicalPsychologistMs.MichelleTannotesthatitcanbeapowerfultoolforrelievingsocialisolationandloneliness.Onlinecommunitiesprovideemotionalsupport,oftenhelpingusersturnonlineconnectionswithlike-mindedpeopleintoreal-lifefriendships.Theycanalsoserveasamotivationaltoolforachievinggoalslikequittingsmokingorgettinginshape.Ontheotherhand,itcouldinvitenegativesocialcomparisonswithotheronlineusersandloweraperson’sself-worth.Excessivevirtualengagementmayweakenreal-lifesocialskills.Also,beinganonymousonlinemakescyberbullyingmorelikely.Still,mentalhealthissuescan’tbeblamedsolelyonsocialmedia,asmultiplefactorsplayarole.Thekey,therefore,istodevelophealthyonlinehabits(orcyberwellness).“Tobecyberwellonsocialmediaistostrikeahealthybalancebetweenonlineandofflineactivities,”saysMrsLow-Lim,amemberoftheMediaLiteracyCouncil.Aperson’sdailylivingandsocialfunctioningshouldnotbeaffectedbysocialmedia.Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgivenintheGuidedDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowin假設(shè)你是明啟中學(xué)的學(xué)生王華，你的英國好友Thomas將作為交換生到你校學(xué)習(xí)，他對“生涯規(guī)劃”系列活動頗有興趣，想?yún)⒓悠渲幸粋€論壇.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.to6.were/arecredited/havebeencredited 7.Of/Among 8.who 10those大小寫不扣分11-15:JCAD KGEH 36-39 40-42 43-46 47-50Ms.Yuovercameself-doubtbylimitingheruseofsocialmedia.Herexperienceshowssocialmediaisadouble-ed