（4）閱讀理解.科教科普類一一2024年高考英語真題模擬試題專項匯編

一、【2024年新高考I卷，閱讀D】

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizen

scientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityarcoftenintheform

ofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumber

andvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.

"Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswith

theaidofamobileapplication/'saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistant

professorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences."Theseobservationsnow

outnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens（標(biāo)本）,andsinceweareincreasingly

usingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:

Aretheyusable?"

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Darnandhis

teamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

"Wcwereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）

data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadof

thegrassrightnexttoit,"saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetter

globalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.

Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesare

oftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealso

biasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

"Quitealot,"Daruexplained."Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersof

oversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces-andevenspecies-thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprove

thequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirm

theidentificationoftheiruploadedimage."

1.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.

2.WhatdoesDaru'sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Observationaldata.D.Mobileapplications.

3.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.

4.WhatisDaru'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.

二、【2024年湖南長沙一模，閱讀C】

Mostbirds,inparticular,exhibitsomedegreeofpatternsandcolours.Australia'szebrafinch（斑

胸草雀）,forexample,wassonamedbecauseofthezebra-likeblackandwhitebarsonitstail.Butit

alsohasmanyothercoloursandpatterns,fromabrightorangebilltofinewhilespotsalongitsreddish-

brownsides.It'snotuncommontospotthebirdinthedrierpartsofAustralia.

Wetendtosupposeallindividualsofthatspecieshavetheirspotsandbarsinthesameplaces.

Lookcloseryetwe'llseethatthequantityanddesignofthesepatternsvarybetweenindividuals.And

somehowabirdexhibitsamoreobviousfeathervariation.Occasionally,weseeonethathaslarger

thanusualpaleareasoffeathersor,morerarely,haslostitsnormalpatterningaltogether.

Colourationandpatterninginallanimalsarccausedbyarangeofpigments（色素）.Melanin

（黑色素）isresponsibleforblacksandbrowns,andalackofthispigmentcancauseapartialor

totallossofanindividuafsdarkpatterning.Thetwomaintermsthatdescribetheseabnormalitiesare

albinismandleucism.Bothconditionsaregeneticandbothcanleadtoaverysimilarphysical

appearance.Leucism,however,causesalackofthepigmentcellsthatproducemelanin.Butalbinism

causestheproductionofmelanintobereducedorabsent.

Canwedistinguishbetweenthetwoconditionswithoutthehelpofacellularbiologist?Yes.

Albinoanimalshavefullyunpigmentedredeyes.Leucisticanimals,ontheotherhand,never

completelylosepigmentfromtheeye,althoughtheycanhaveblueeyesduetoapartiallossofpigment.

Whydon'tweseemorealbinoorleucisticbirds?Becausethelackofmelaninreducesthestrength

andlastingnessoftheaffectedbirds'feathers,makingthemmoreeasilybroken.Additionally,thebirds1

visionandhearingarenegativelyaffected,makingthemlessabletohunt.Thebrighterfeathersand

lackofpatterningalsomakethemeasierforattackerstosee.

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutAustralia'szebrafinch?

A.ItisoneoftherarestbirdsinAustralia.

B.Itismostlycoveredwithbrightorangefeathers.

C.Itacquiresitsnamefromitstailcoloursandpatterns.

D.Ithasthesamespotsandban;inthesameplaces.

2.Howisthethirdparagraphdeveloped?

A.Bygivingexplanations.B.Bypresentingopinions.

C.Bysettingassumptions.D.Bydrawingconclusions.

3.Whatcanalackofmelaninleadto?

A.Totallossofpatterns.B.Genetically-bornabnormalities.

C.Darkenedfeathers.D.Abnormalformationofwings.

4.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlydescribesalbinoorleucisticbirds?

A.Theyhavequitegoodhearing.B.Theyhavecompletelyredeyes.

C.Theyhaveexcellenthuntingskills.D.Theyhaveeasilybrokenfeathers.

三、【2024年浙江紹興模擬，閱讀C】

Whalesarecelebratedforbeingthelargestandmostintelligentcreaturesintheocean.Now,

biologistshavediscoveredthattheyalsocaplure（捕獲）tonsofcarbonfromtheatmosphere,aservice

withaneconomicvalueofUS$1trillionforallthegreatwhales,accordingtoanewstudypublished

bytheInternationalMonetaryFund.Thestudypointsoutthatprotectingwhales,normallyviewedas

ahumangood,alsohasamonetarymotivation.

"Thecarboncapturepotentialofwhalesistrulyincredible,"saidthereport."Ourconservative

estimatesputthevalueoftheaveragegreatwhaleatmorethanUS$2million,andeasilyoverUS$1

trillionforthecurrentslockofgreatwhales."Whalesabsorbcarbonintheirbodiesduringtheirlong

lives,someofwhichstretchto200years.Whentheydie,theysinktothebottomoftheocean,taking

thecarbonwiththem.Accordingtothestudy,eachgreatwhaletrapsaround33tonsofcarbondioxide

onaverage.Atreeduringthesameperiodonlycontributesto3percentofthecarbonabsorptionofthe

whale.

Whalepopulationsaretodayasmidgenofwhattheyoncewere.Itisestimatedthatthereareslightly

morethan1.3millionwhalesintheocean,aquarteroftheirpre-whalingnumberof4to5million.

Somespeciesinparticular,likethebluewhale,arconly3percentofwhattheyusedtobe."Wccan

createfinancialmethodstopromotetherestorationoftheworld'swhalepopulations,Msaidthereport\

authors."Rewardscouldhelpthosewhopaysignificantcostsasaresultofwhaleprotection.H

WiththeParisAgreementcomingintoforcenextyearandtheeffectsofclimatechangeevermore

widespread,wemustpreventtheharmtowhales.Researchersanalyzedthatunlessnewmethodsare

putforward,itwouldtakeover30yearstodoublethenumberofcurrentwhales,andseveral

generationstoreturnthemtotheirpre-whalingnumbers."Societyandourownsurvivalcan'tafford

towaitthislong,"theysaid.

1.Whatdoesthenewstudyrevealaboutwhales?

A.Theyaremoney-makersforgood.B.Theirintelligenceisunquestionable.

C.Theyareanaturalclimatesolution.D.Theirsurvivalisthreatenedbycarbon.

2.Whyisawhalecomparedwithatreeinparagraph2?

A.Toindicateallmatterregardinggreenefforts.

B.Toillustratewhalesarefriendlytotheoceans.

C.Tohighlightwhales'carboncapturepotential.

D.Toemphasizetheimportanceoftreeplanting.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromwhatresearcherssaidinparagraph4?

A.Climatechangeintensifies.B.Whalepopulationsstaylow.

C.Oursurvivalisendangered.D.Whaleprotectionisapriority.

4.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthearticle?

A.ProtectwhalestoprotecttheplanetB.Howtorestorewhalepopulations

C.LiveinharmonywithoceangiantsD.Whalescanguaranteeoursurvival

四、【2024年遼寧朝陽二模，閱讀D】

PartsofEastAsiacouldsee"riversinthesky"formduetoclimatechange,bringingrecord-

breakinglevelsofrainfallwiththem,anewstudyhasrevealed.

Theteam,fromtheUniversityofTsukuba,Japan,havealreadyseenclearsignsofglobalwarming

hittingpartsofthecountry,sotheywantedtoseehowbadthingscouldget."It'sbeenbecomingmore

andmoreclearthatglobalwarmingmeansmorethanjustwarmertemperatures,"theywrote.

Oneparticularly-damagingextremeweathereventisanincreaseinrainfalltounexpectedand

unprecedented（前Wi未有的）levels,whichcanresultinflooding.Tohelppredictrainfallevents,

researcherslookedtooneofthecauses—theinteractionofatmosphericriverswithmountainranges.

"Asthenamesuggests,atmosphericriversarelong,narrowbandsofconcentratedv/atervapour

flowingthroughtheatmosphere,"theteamexplained."Whenoneofthesebandsmeetsabarrier,such

asamountainrange,itcanproduceextremelevelsofrainfallorsnowfall."

PartsofEastAsiahavebeensubjectedto（遭受）anincreasingnumberofdamaging,extreme

weathereventsoverthepastdecade.

Tounderstandtheimpact,theteamusedhigh-resolutionglobalatmosphericcirculationsmodel

simulations（模擬）thatvirtuallyre-createtheconditionsintheatmosphere.Theythenlookedatother

regionalclimatemodels,comparingsimulationsbasedonreal,meteorologicaldata（氣象數(shù)據(jù)）from

1951to2010topredictionsfor2090.

Authorsusedtheclimatescenariothatwouldresultin4'Cofwanning,comparedtopreindustrial

levels—whichissignificantlymorethan2℃targetsetaspartofParisClimateAgreement.

Firstauthor,ProfessorYoichiKamae,saidthattheirsimulationspredictstrengthenedwatervapour

transport,aswellasincreasedrainfallatunprecedentedlevels.Insimulationsthegreatestamountsof

atmosphericrivcr-rclatcdrainfalloccurredonthesouthernandwesternslopesofmountainsinEast

Asia,includinginJapan,theKoreanPeninsula,andnortheasternChina.Theyhadtolimitthestudyto

EastAsiaduetocomputertimeandprocessinglimitations,butpredictitwouldapplytootherregions

aroundtheworld.

1.What'sthepossibleconsequenceoftheglobalwarming?

A.Itcontributestopollutedair.

B.Itleadstohotandrainyclimate.

C.Itonlyresultsintheriseoftemperature.

D.Itcausesthedestructionofmorespecies.

2.TheauthorwroteParagraph4to.

A.describethenewstudyB.introduceatmosphericrivers

C.analyzethecauseofrainfallD.warnpeopleofglobalwarming

3.Howistheresearchcarriedtoknowtheeffect?

A.Bycomparison.B.Bydiscussion.C.Byexamples.D.Byexplanation

4.What'stheattitudeofProfessorYoichiKamaetowardtheirsimulations?

A.Theyarerisky.B.Theyarevalueless.

C.Theyareperfect.D.Theyareconvincing.

五、【2024年重慶模擬，閱讀D】

Researchershavediscoveredtheoldestblackholeeverobserved,datingfromthedawnofthe

universe,andfoundthatitis"eating1'itshostgalaxytodeath.

Theinternationalteam,ledbytheUniversityofCambridge,usedtheJamesWebbSpace

Telescope(JWST)todetecttheblackhole,whichdatesfrom400millionyearsafterthebigbang.The

results,whichleadauthorProfessorRobertoMaiolinosaysare"agiantleapforward",arcreportedin

thejournalNature.

Thissurprisinglymassiveblackholeevenexistssoearlyintheuniversechallengesour

assumptionsabouthowblackholesformandgrow.Thesizeofthisnewly-discoveredblackhole

suggeststhattheymightforminotherways:theymightbe'bornbig'ortheycancatmatteratarate

that'sfivetimeshigherthanhadbeenthoughtpossible.Likeallblackholes,thisyoungblackhole

devoursmaterialfromitshostgalaxytofuelitsgrowth.

Accordingtostandardmodels,supennassiveblackholesformfromtheremainsofdeadstars,

whichcollapseandmayformablackholeaboutahundredtimesthemassoftheSun.Ifitgrewinan

expectedway,thisnewly-detectedblackholewouldtakeaboutabillionyearstogrowtoitsobserved

size.However,theuniversewasnotyetabillionyearsoldwhenthisblackholewasdetected.

Theyounghostgalaxy,calledGN-zl1,isacompactgalaxy,aboutonehundredtimessmallerthan

theMilkyWay,buttheblackholeislikelyharmingitsdevelopment.Whenblackholesconsumetoo

muchgas,itpushesthegasawaylikeanultra-fastwind.This"wind"couldstoptheprocessofstar

formation,slowlykillingthegalaxy,butitwillalsokilltheblackholeitself,asitwouldcutoffthe

blackhole'ssourceof"food".

MaiolinosaysthatthegiganticleapforwardprovidedbyJWSTmakesthisthemostexcitingtime

inhiscareer."It'sanewera:thegiantleapislikeupgradingfromGalileo'stelescopecoamodern

telescopeovernight,"hesaid."Theuniversehasbeenquitegenerousinwhatit'sshowingus,andthis

isjustthebeginning/'

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devours"meaninParagraph3?

A.Changes.B.Swallows.C.Observes.D.Forms.

2.AccordingtoParagraph5,v/hyisGN-zl1likelytobeharmed?

A.Becausethehostgalaxyistoosmall.

B.Becausetheblackholeiskillingitself.

C.Becausethe"wind"ceasesstarformation.

D.Becauseblackholesproducetoomuchgas.

3.WhatisMaiolino'sattitudetothenewdiscoveryabouttheblackhole?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Ambiguous.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Theblackholetookabillionyearstoachieveitssize.

B.Supermassiveblackholesareassumedtoformovernight.

C.Thenewdiscoveryofthehostgalaxyisagiantleapforward.

D.Thehostgalaxyandtheblackholecanbedestroyedbythe"wind".

六、【2024年山西呂梁模擬，閱讀D】

Animalshavedevelopedacircadianclock-aninternalbodyclockthatrunsin24-hourcycles.

Itisregulatedbycues（提示）fromtheirenvironment.Buttheymaysufferfroma"jetlag（時差反

應(yīng)）"whenthecuesanimalsareexposedtodonotmatchtheonesoftheirnaturalenvironment.

KristineGandia,aPhDstudentattheUniversityofStirlinginScotland,andateamofobservers

setouttounderstandhowthe"jetlag"oflivinginlatitudes（緯度）thatanimalswerenotusedtocan

affectthem.Giantpandaswerechosenasthefocusforthestudypartlybecausetheylivehighly

seasonallives."

"Giantpandasareverygoodanimalstofocuson/'Gandiasaid."Theyareverypopularinzoos

andtherearealotthathavecamerassowecanseehowtheirbehaviorchangesacrossdifferentlatitudes.

Thesecamerasenabledustomonitorthegiantpandas'behavioracrossa24-hourperiod."

Gandiaexplainedthatthelatitudinalrangeforgiantpandasisbetween26and42degreesnorth.

Matchinglatitudescouldalsobeconsideredbetween26and42degreessouth,asthesemirrorthe

temperatureandlightingconditions.

Theteammonitored1Igiantpandasinsixdifferentzoos.Somezooswerewithintheanimals'

naturallatitudesbutinothercountriesandtheotherswereoutsidethatrange.

Gandiaexplained,"Werecordedgiantpandabehavior,tryingtoaccountforbehaviorsthatare

positive,neutral（中性的）andnegativeindicatorsforwelfare.So,thiswouldincludebehaviorslike

playandgroomingaspositivebehaviors,drinkinganddefecatingasneutralmaintenancebehaviors,

andseveralabnormalbehaviorsasnegativebehaviors,withpacingbeingthemostcommon."

Thoselivinginzoosoutsideoftheirhomelatitudewerefoundtobelessactiveanddisplaymore

negativebehaviors.

"Giantpandaslivinginzooscouldbesufferingfroma'jetlag'iftheirbodyclocksdon'tmatch

theirenvironments/Gandiasaid.

1.WhatdocsGandiaandherteam'sstudyfocuson?

A.Animalbehavior.B.Animalbodyclock.

C.Animalpopularity.D.Animaldistribution.

2.Whatisareasonwhypandaswerechosenforthestudy?

A.Widelatitudeoftheirnaturalhabitat.B.Theirstrongadaptability.

C.Theexistingfindingsaboutthem.D.Theconvenienceofobservation.

3.Howwasthestudycarriedout?

A.Byanalyzingreasons.B.Bycomparingrecordings.

C.Byconductinginterviews.D.Bylistingexamples.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Will"JetLag"BeAbletoBeAvoided?

B.CouldAnimalsSufferfroma"JetLag"?

C.IsPandaaProperSubjecttoStudy"JetLag"?

D.DoesSeasonHaveAnythingtoDowith"JetLag1,?

七、【2024年江蘇蘇州模擬，閱讀D】

Newresearchshowsthatremovingblackrhinos'horns（犀牛角）tomakethemlessattractiveto

illegalhuntersisreducingtheirterritorysizesandmakingthemlesssociablewitheachother.

Thestudy,publishedinthejournalPNAS,foundthatde-homedSouthAfricanrhinoshavehome

rangesthatare45percentsmallerthanthoseofcompleteanimals,andthattheywere37percentless

likelytoengageinsocialinteractions.

"Thebig,dominantbullsthatusedtohaveverylargeterritoriesthatoverlappedwithalotoffemales

maynowhavemuchlessterritoryandmuchlessreproductive（繁殖的）success,"saysVanessaDuthe,

wholedtheworkalSwitzerland'sUniversityofNeuchatel.

"It'sreallyhardtopredicttheeffectsofthis,"shesays."Itdoesn'tmeanthatpopulationsuccesswill

necessarilydecline,becauseitmightopenupgapsforyoungermalesthatwouldnothavehadthe

spaceorthemeansbefore."Indeed,aUniversityofBristolstudypublishedlastyearshowedthatde-

homing（去角）doesnotnegativelyaffectpopulationsoverall.

Butsuchunintendedbehavioralconsequencesnecessarilyfeedintojudgmentsaboutwhetherthis

highlyinvasiveuroccduncisworthwhile.Remarkably,perhaps,thereislittlehardevidenceeitherway.

"Noone'sputallthedatatogethertosaywhetherit'sareallyeffectivemeasure,"saysDuthe.

"Whatisclearisthattheintroductionofde-horningandadeclineinillegalhuntinghasoccurredat

thesametime,"sheadds.1'Butde-horninghasbeenaccompaniedbyotherconservationmeasuresthat

maybemoreeffective.n

"It'sincrediblycomplicated,'*saysLucyChimes,amemberoftheBristolteam."Therearesomany

otherfactorsinvolved.Youhavetoconsiderwhatothersecuritymeasuresarebeingcarriedout-

fencing,patrols,staffnumbers-andpovertylevelssurroundingparks,theirnearnesstonationalborders

andwhetherthereiscommunityengagement."Chimesiscurrentlyplanningaprojectthataimsto

separatetheseandotherfactors.Inthemeantime,Duthebelievesthatde-horningisaworthwhiletool

oflastcourseofaction."Arhinothatisbehavingalittlebitstrangelyisbetterthanadeadrhino."

1.Whatisthepurposeofremovingthehornsofblackrhinos?

A.Tomakethemlesssociable.B.Toprotectthemfrombeinghunted.

C.Toreducetheirhomeranges.D.Toaffecttheirreproductivesuccess.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"invasiveprocedure"inparagraph5referto?

A.Theremovalofrhinohorns.B.Thelossofrhinoterritories.

C.Theimpactonrhinopopulation.D.Thechangeofrhinobehavior.

3.WhatisChimes'attitudetowardthede-horningofblackrhinos?

A.Supportive.B.Opposed.C.Unconcerned.D.Uncertain.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.De-horningrhinosshowssatisfyingeffects.

B.Variousfactorsleadtothedeclineinillegalhunting.

C.De-horningisthelastactionresearcherswilltake.

D.Rhinosaresupposedtobehavealittlebitstrangely.

八、【2024年江西九江三模，閱讀D】

Psychologistshavedefinednostalgia（，懷舊）asself-conscious,sociallyemotional,bittersweet

butmainlypositive.Itdevelopsoutofhappymemoriesmixedwithalongingforthepastandtheclose

relationshipswehadbackthen.Often,nostalgiainvolvesfivesenses.Forexample,thesmellofautumn

leavesmightsparkaninlenselongingforyourchildhoodhome.

Almosteveryoneexperiencesnostalgia,althoughitsobjecttendstovarythroughoutlife.One

surveyconductedbythepsychologistKrystineIreneBatchofoundthatyoungerpeoplefeltmore

nostalgiaforpets,toys,andholidaysthandidolderpeople,whofeltitmorestronglyformusic.Icame

ofageinthe1980s,andevensongsIfoundhopelesslyannoyingbackthencanfillmewithnostalgic

emotions.

AsmycolleagueJulieBeckhaswritten,nostalgiawasoriginallyviewedasanemotionaldisorder

whenitwasfirstdefinedinthelate17thcentury.And,crucially,itoftenoccurswhenpeopleare

experiencingnegativemoodsorhavingbadexperiences.Lonelinesscanbeatrigger,asresearchers

foundin2008.Anotherisbadweather.

However,despiteitsassociationwithnegativeemotions,nostalgiadoesnotcauseorincrease

unhappiness.Rather,nostalgiaisadefenseresponsetounhappiness,onethatbringsrelieffroma

negativemood.PsychologistswritingintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyin2006

foundthatstirringnostalgiainexperimentsstrengthenedpeople'ssocialbonds,boostedtheirpositive

feelingsaboutthemselves,andimprovedtheirmood.Similarresearchhasshownthatwhenpeople

feelnostalgia,itcanfiretheirsenseoflife'smeaning,loweranexistential（存在主義的）reaction

totheideaofdeath,increasespirituality,andraiseoptimism.

Scholarsaren'tsureexactlywhynostalgiaworks;somehaveinferredthatrecallinghappy

memoriesstrengthens"valuedaspectsoftheself"insituationswhenwemightotherwisefeellonely

orunworthy.Eitherway,itsemotionalintensityallowsthejoyofthepasttooverpowerthe

unpleasantnessoithepresent,alittleescapismthathelpsgetusthroughthebadtimes.

1.Whatdothepsychologiststhinkofnostalgia?

A.Alwayspainful.B.Primarilypositive.

C.Seldomintense.D.Usuallyunconscious.

2.Whyistheauthor'sexperiencementionedinparagraph2?

A.Toshowtheobjectsofnostalgiachangewithage.

B.Toillustrateannoyingmusicoftenleadstonostalgia.

C.Tohighlighttheyoungaremorelikelytobenostalgic.

D.Todemonstratenostalgiahasanimpactonemotions.

3.Inwhichsituationmaypeopleeasilyfeelnostalgia?

A.Attendingalivelyclass.B.Engaginginafamilyreunion.

C.Stayingaloneinanemptyroom.D.Joininginajoyfulbirthdayparty.

4.Whatmaybeabenefitofnostalgia?

A.Maintainingself-respectB.Shapingpersonalinsights.

C.Escapingfromdailychaos.D.Enhancingone'sself-worth.

答案以及解析

、

1.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,

videos,andotherdigitalrecords.（今天，大多數(shù)生物多樣性記錄通常以照片，視頻和其他數(shù)字記錄

的形式出現(xiàn)?？芍?現(xiàn)在收集的物種記錄大多是以電子形式存在的。）故正確答案為B。

2.答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomes

fromphysicalspecimens（標(biāo)本）,andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigate

howspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?（這些觀察結(jié)果現(xiàn)

在超過了來自物理標(biāo)本的原始數(shù)據(jù)，而且由于我們越來越多地使用觀察數(shù)據(jù)來研究物種如何應(yīng)

對全球變化,我想知道:它們有用嗎？）和第四段"Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringthe

aspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientist

totakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,"saidDaru.（Daru說:“我彳門特

別感興趣的是探索取樣容易產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面，比如公民科學(xué)家更有可能拍攝開花植物的照

片，而不是它旁邊的草?！保┛芍?Daru的研究聚焦于觀察數(shù)據(jù),即人們通過移動應(yīng)用記錄的物種觀

察數(shù)據(jù)。故正確答案為C。

3.答案；C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsof

samplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakea

pictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,"saidDaru.（Daru說:"我們特別感興

趣的是探索取樣容易產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)偏差的方面，比如公民科學(xué)家更有可能拍攝開花植物的照片，而不

是它旁邊的草?！保┮约暗谖宥蜹hismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservational

biodiversitydataonmobiledevicesaieoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspecies

inareasnearby.（這是有道理的，因為在移動設(shè)備上獲得觀察生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)的人通常是公民科

學(xué)家，他們記錄了他們在附近地區(qū)與物種的接觸。）可知，導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)偏差的原因是采洋方式的不

當(dāng)。故正確答案為C。

4.答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersof

oversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprove

thequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirm

theidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.（生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以使用我們的研究結(jié)果來告知

用戶樣本過多的地區(qū)，并將他們引導(dǎo)到樣本不足的地方，甚至是物種。為了提高觀測數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量,

生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序還可以鼓勵用戶讓專家確認(rèn)他們上傳的圖像的身份。）可知,Daru建議生

物多樣性應(yīng)用應(yīng)該給公民科學(xué)家提供指導(dǎo)。故正確答案為Do

二、

1.答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句"Australia'szebrafinch（斑胸草雀），forexample,wasso

namedbecauseofthezebra-likeblackandwhitebarsonitstail."可知,澳大利亞的斑陶草雀因其

尾部顏色和圖案而得名。

2.答案：A

解析：行文邏輯題。分析段落結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第三段第一、二句是本段主旨句，之后展開論述

twomainterms-albinism（白化）andleucism（白色亞種），論述的方式根據(jù)原句可知是以

解釋概念為主。比如"Bothconditionsare...""Leucism,howeve